List of rock types
Template:Short description Template:For The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists. There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type. Additionally, different classification systems exist for each major type of rock.<ref name="BGS Rock Classification Scheme - Igneous - Metamorphic - Sedimentary - Superficial">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are three major types of rock: igneous rock, metamorphic rock, and sedimentary rock.
Igneous rocksEdit
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File:Amygdaloidal andesite.jpg
A sample of andesite (dark groundmass) with amygdaloidal vesicles filled with zeolite. Diameter of view is 8 cm.
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- Template:Annotated link - Igneous rock belonging to basalt family
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- Template:Annotated link – Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance
- Template:Annotated link – Basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance
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- Template:Annotated link – An ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass
- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated form of andesite
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- Template:Annotated link – An ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite
- Template:Annotated link An intrusive igneous rock intermediate in composition between diorite and monzonite
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- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
- Template:Annotated link – a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz
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- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar
- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline
- Template:Annotated link – A hypersthene-bearing gabbro
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- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite
- Template:Annotated link – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite
- Template:Annotated link – An olivine-bearing basalt
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- Template:Annotated link - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of >90% pyroxene
- Template:Annotated link – A diorite with >5% modal quartz
- Template:Annotated link – An intermediate plutonic rock, essentially a monzonite with 5–10% modal quartz
- Template:Annotated link – An intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz
- Template:Annotated link – A felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite
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- Template:Annotated link – a plutonic rock
- Template:Annotated link – A coarse-grained carbonatite rock
- Template:Annotated link – A plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar; a type of granitoid
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- Template:Annotated link – Essentially a basaltic glass
- Template:Annotated link – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite
- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock
- Template:Annotated link – A plagioclase-dominant granitoid
- Template:Annotated link – An alkaline intermediate volcanic rock
- Template:Annotated link - sodic trachyandesite
- Template:Annotated link – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte
- Template:Annotated link – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island (hot spot) volcanism
- Template:Annotated link – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
- Template:Annotated link – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase
- Template:Annotated link – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase
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- Template:Annotated link - Glassy igneous rock with phenocrysts
- Template:Annotated link – A type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene
- Template:Annotated link - An ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene
Sedimentary rocksEdit
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File:Coalseam 8618.JPG
Bituminous coal seam in West Virginia
File:Dolomite Morocco.jpg
Dolomite crystals from Touissite, Morocco
File:Turbidite 2.JPG
Turbidite (Gorgoglione Flysch), Miocene, South Italy
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- Template:Annotated link – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals
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Metamorphic rocksEdit
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File:PhylliteUSGOV.jpg
Phyllite
File:Skagit-gneiss-Cascades.jpg
Banded gneiss with a dike of granite orthogneiss
File:MarbleUSGOV.jpg
Marble
File:Quartzite 2 jpg.jpg
Quartzite
File:Schist.jpg
Manhattan Schist, from Southeastern New York
File:SlateUSGOV.jpg
Slate
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- Template:Annotated link – A rock formed by faulting
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- Template:Annotated link – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles
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- Template:Annotated link – Calc-silicate hornfels
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- Template:Annotated link – Nepheline syenite gneiss
- Template:Annotated link – a metamorphosed limestone
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- Template:Annotated link – A metamorphic rock formed by shearing
- Template:Annotated link - A type of metamorphic rock formed through the recrystallization of conglomerates
- Template:Annotated link – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
- Metapsammite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
- Template:Annotated link – A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
- Template:Annotated link – A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
- Template:Annotated link – A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of >95% quartz
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- Template:Annotated link – that falls between pelitic (clay-rich) and psammitic (sand-rich) compositions
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- Template:Annotated link - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silt
- Template:Annotated link – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
- Template:Annotated link – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
- Template:Annotated link – Essentially a talc schist
- Template:Annotated link – A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation
- Template:Annotated link – A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite
Specific varietiesEdit
The following are terms for rocks that are not petrographically or genetically distinct but are defined according to various other criteria; most are specific classes of other rocks, or altered versions of existing rocks. Some archaic and vernacular terms for rocks are also included.
- Template:Annotated link – A variety of quartz monzonite
- Template:Annotated link – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
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- Template:Annotated link – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
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- Template:Annotated link – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
- Template:Annotated link - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
- Template:Annotated link - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
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- Template:Annotated link – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
- Template:Annotated link – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
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- Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
- Template:Annotated link – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
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- Template:Annotated link – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the Earth's upper mantle
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- Template:Annotated link – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
- Template:Annotated link – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
- Template:Annotated link – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
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- Template:Annotated link – A silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro
- Template:Annotated link – A nepheline gabbro
- Template:Annotated link – An altered granite
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- Template:Annotated link – A variety of lamprophyre
- Template:Annotated link – A rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxide
See alsoEdit
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- Template:Annotated link: for a list of unusual or culturally significant rock outcrops
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