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The London metropolitan area is the metropolitan area of London, England. It has several definitions, including the London Travel to Work Area, and usually consists of the London urban area, settlements that share London's infrastructure, and places from which it is practicable to commute to work in London. It is also known as the London commuter belt,<ref name=lda_invest>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or Southeast metropolitan area.<ref>London Assembly Template:Webarchive – London in its Regional Setting (PDF)</ref>
ScopeEdit
The boundaries are not fixed; they expand as transport options improve and affordable housing moves further away from the city centre.<ref>BBC News – The new commuter belt. 18 July 2006.</ref> The belt currently covers much of the South East region and part of the East of England region, including the home counties of Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey, Kent and Essex, and, by several definitions, Hampshire, West Sussex, East Sussex, Bedfordshire.
The resident population of Greater London and those counties (partly) within the Metropolitan Green Belt was 18,868,800 in 2011. Much of the undeveloped part of this area lies within the designated belt, which, save as to existing buildings, yards and gardens, covers nearly all of Surrey, eastern Berkshire, southern Buckinghamshire, southern and mid Hertfordshire, southern Bedfordshire, south-west Essex, and north-western Kent. Largely in these counties, three Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (the Chiltern Hills, Surrey Hills and North Downs AONBs) surrounding the Thames basin are within the commuter belt.
DefinitionsEdit
Travel to work areaEdit
The London travel to work area, defined by the Office for National Statistics as the area for which "of the resident economically active population, at least 75% actually work in the area, and also, that of everyone working in the area, at least 75% actually live in the area."<ref>Travel to Work Areas (TTWAs) Template:Webarchive Beginners' guide to UK geography, Office for National Statistics</ref> has a population of 9,294,800 (2005 estimate).<ref>State of the Cities Database Report on the Urban Competitiveness Theme for: – London TTWA (LA)Template:Dead link State of the Cities Database – Department for Communities and Local Government (Mid year population estimates on page 4 of the report)</ref>
This TTWA excludes some parts of Greater London such as Uxbridge, Hounslow and Kingston which form part of the Heathrow TTWA. Conversely it includes areas beyond Greater London such as Rickmansworth, Broxbourne, Grays, Dartford, Gravesend and Epsom.
Environs of Greater LondonEdit
There are 17 local government districts that share a boundary with Greater London, in the East and South East regions. Most districts are entirely, or have sections, within the M25 motorway or are within Template:Convert of Charing Cross.
Adjacent districts often share characteristics of Outer London, such as forming part of the continuous urban sprawl, being served by the London Underground, being covered by the London telephone area code, (until 2000) forming part of the Metropolitan Police District and having a relatively high employed population working in London.
London's Larger Urban ZoneEdit
Larger Urban Zone is a definition created in 2004 by Eurostat that measures the population and expanse of metropolitan areas across European countries. Based on the 2001 census, the population of London's Larger Urban Zone was 11.9 million,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ranking it as the most populous metropolitan area in the European Union until Brexit. The districts that are considered parts of this Larger Urban Zone are listed here:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> (no district in Bedfordshire, Hampshire, or Sussex is included). Several large conurbations fall just outside the zone: Including the Reading built-up area, the Luton/Dunstable urban area, the High Wycombe built-up area and significant parts of the Aldershot and Crawley Urban Areas.
| Region | County | Districts within the Zone | Districts outside the Zone | Area (km2) | Population<ref>Template:United Kingdom district population citation</ref> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East | Hertfordshire | North Hertfordshire | 1,267.6 | 1,067,049 | |
| Essex | 2,387.5 | 1,335,684 | |||
| South East | Kent | 1,698.4 | 1,055,194 | ||
| Surrey | 1,317.8 | 1,061,056 | |||
| Berkshire | 339.4 | 512,535 | |||
| Buckinghamshire | 337.6 | 165,970 |
Urban areas within the commuter beltEdit
The following table lists urban areas (also known as built-up areas) considered part of the London Commuter Belt with populations over 20,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=worldgaz>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The commuter belt contains all urban areas within an approximate 40 mile (64 km) radius of Charing Cross. Some of the outermost towns include Aylesbury, Reading, Aldershot and Maidstone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Outer commuter beltEdit
Some estate agents, including James Pendleton<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> and Savills,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> have defined a 'second commuter belt' further away from London. The definition includes places up to approximately 55 miles (89 km) from central London, including Bedford, Brighton, Cambridge, Hastings, Margate, Milton Keynes and Oxford.
See alsoEdit
- Greater London Built-up Area
- Stockbroker Belt
- Home counties
- List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom
