Potters Bar

Potters Bar is a town in Hertfordshire, England,<ref name=hertsmere>in the historic County of Middlesex - Hertsmere Borough Council Template:Webarchive – Community Strategy First Review (PDF)</ref> Template:Convert north of central London. In 2011, it had a population of 21,882.<ref name=pop>Neighbourhood Statistics Template:Webarchive Office for National Statistics 2011 Census. Retrieved 1 June 2013</ref><ref group="n">This excludes a county ward which takes its name from the historic ecclesiastical parish but which contains Ridge and South Mimms; population 4,573 (2011).</ref> In the 2021 census, the four wards that make up Potters Bar - Bentley Heath & The Royds, Furzefield, Oakmere and Parkfield - had a combined population of 22,536; this includes several smaller outlying hamlets contained in the Bentley Heath & The Royds ward, such as Bentley Heath and Ganwick Corner. In 2022, the population was around 23,325.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Within the historic county of Middlesex until 1965, the town dates to the early 13th century but remained a small, mainly agricultural, settlement until the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1850.<ref name=pbhistory>PBHistory Template:Webarchive – The history</ref> It is now part of the London commuter belt.<ref>North Hertfordshire Template:Webarchive – A Housing Strategy for the London Commuter Belt Sub-region 2005 – 2008 (PDF)</ref>

Etymology

The origin of the Potters element of the town's name is uncertain; it is generally thought to be either a reference to a Roman pottery, believed to have been sited locally, or alternatively to the Pottere family who lived in neighbouring South Mimms parish.<ref name=pb_name>PBHistory Template:Webarchive – Whats in a name?</ref>

The Bar is thought to refer to the gates leading from the South Mimms parish and into the Enfield Chase parish; it could possibly hail from a toll on the Great North Road,<ref name=pb_name/> said to have been by what is now the disused Green Man pub or at the current entrance to Morven House.

History

Potters Bar is located on the Great North Road, one of two road routes from the City of London to the north of England.<ref>PB History Template:Webarchive – The Great North Road</ref> The road was originally numbered as the A1 and later the A1000.

Potters Bar was historically part of Middlesex<ref>PBHistory Template:Webarchive – Potters Bar, Middlesex</ref> and formed the Potters Bar Urban District of that county from 1934.<ref name=urban>Vision of Britain – Potters Bar UD (historic map Template:Webarchive)</ref> From 1894 to 1934 its area had formed the South Mimms Rural District.<ref>Vision of Britain – South Mimms RD (historic map Template:Webarchive)</ref> In 1965, the district was transferred to Hertfordshire County Council, while most of the rest of Middlesex County Council became part of Greater London.<ref>Vision of Britain Template:Webarchive – Middlesex unit history</ref><ref>London Government Act 1963, 1963 c. 33, s. 3 (1)</ref>

The urban district covered an area of Template:Convert.<ref name=urban/> In 1939, it had a population of 13,681, increasing to 24,613 in 1971.<ref>Vision of Britain – Potters Bar UD historic population</ref> In 1974, the urban district was abolished and the area became part of the borough of Hertsmere. Having been part of Middlesex, the area continued to form part of the Metropolitan Police District; with the creation of the Greater London Authority, it was transferred to the Hertfordshire Constabulary in 2000.<ref>HMSO, Greater London Authority Act 1999. 1999 c. 29</ref>

Byng family

Wrotham Park estate, home of the Byng family, sits within Potters Bar and Barnet on 2,500 acres of land. The Byng family still own a lot of land in the Potters Bar area; The Admiral Byng pub in Darkes Lane is named after Admiral John Byng, who was executed for failing to obey orders in the Minorca campaign.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Zeppelin L31

In the early hours of 1 October 1916, Lieutenant Wulstan Tempest shot down Germany's most famous zeppelin, the L31. It was captained by Heinrich Mathy with his crew of 18. All were killed when the flaming zeppelin fell into an ancient oak tree on the Oakmere Estate, Oakmere House at the time being rented by Mrs Forbes. The deadly raids over England declined after this. The 19 German sailors (zeppelins were naval) were buried in the local cemetery and, decades later, reinterred at Cannock Chase German Military Cemetery. The Potters Bar Museum has a Zeppelin display, with relics of the L31.Template:Cn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Train accidents

There have been three railway accidents at Potters Bar marked by fatalities. In 1899, the Earl of Strafford was killed at the station when, according to witnesses, he appeared to step out in front of an express train.<ref name="times1">Template:Cite newspaper The Times</ref> In 1946, signals were passed at danger causing derailment and the death of two passengers. In 2002, while passing through the station, a northbound train derailed at high speed, killing seven and injuring 76.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the aftermath of the tragedy, private maintenance firms were accused of neglecting training and safety, and in 2003, Network Rail announced it was taking all track maintenance in-house.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Potters Bar still had a Christian majority, making it more Christian than both England and Wales as a whole and the rest of Hertsmere. Potters Bar has a significant Jewish community and an Orthodox synagogue but, as a percentage of the overall population, the Jewish community, which numbers over 600, pales in comparison to every other settlement in Hertsmere, the most Jewish borough in the country.

Area	All people	Christian (%)	Buddhist (%)	Hindu (%)	Jewish (%)	Muslim (%)	Sikh (%)	Other (%)	No religion (%)	Not stated (%)
England and Wales	56,490,048	46.3	0.5	1.8	0.5	6.7	0.9	0.6	36.7	6.0
Potters Bar	22,536	52.33	0.56	4.22	2.76	4.13	0.16	1.17	28.34	6.34

Geography

Climate

Potters Bar experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Template:Weather box

Transport

File:Potters Bar with railway bridge.jpg

Darkes Lane, looking north towards the railway bridge

Roads

The A1 was built as a major arterial road and a crossroads at Bignells Corner linked it to the Barnet–St Albans road. Potters Bar is now also served by junctions 23 and 24 of the M25 motorway.<ref name=hertsmere/>

Railway

Potters Bar railway station is sited on the East Coast Main Line. Govia Thameslink Railway operates services on the Great Northern Route under two sub-brands:

• Great Northern:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Template:Rws, Template:Rws and Template:Rws to Template:Rws
  • Template:Rws to Template:Rws
• Thameslink, at peak hours only:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• • Welwyn Garden City to Template:Rws, via Template:Rws, Template:Rws and Template:Rws.

Potters Bar was the location of two major rail accidents in 1946 and 2002.

The nearest London Underground station is at Cockfosters, on the Piccadilly line; it is approximately Template:Convert south on the A111 from junction 24 of the M25.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Buses

Potters Bar has a bus depot that services local and London bus routes. Key routes include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Route Number	Route	Operation	Operator
84 Disabled access	St. Albans St Peters Street to Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange, via the High Street	Daily	Sullivan Buses
84B Disabled access	Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange, to Barnet General Hospital, via High Barnet Station Template:Rail-interchange	Mon-Sat	Central Connect
242 Disabled access	Waltham Cross bus station to Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange, via Cuffley and Cheshunt. Extended to Welwyn Garden City via Hatfield on Sundays	Daily	Metroline Template:Small TrustyBus Template:Small
298 Disabled access	Potters Bar Cranbourne Road to Arnos Grove tube station Template:Rail-interchange, via Cockfosters	Daily	Uno
313 Disabled access	Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange to Chingford station Template:Rail-interchange, via Enfield	Daily	Arriva London
306B	Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange to Watford, via Elstree	Sat	Sullivan Buses
398	Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange to Watford, via Radlett	Mon-Fri	Sullivan Buses
610 Disabled access	Cockfosters to Luton, via Welham Green and Hatfield Business Park	Mon-Sat	Uno
PB1 Circular Disabled access	Circular via Shillitoe Avenue, Potters Bar station Template:Rail-interchange, High Street and Oakmere	Mon-Sat	Uno

Places of Worship

There are eight churches in Potters Bar. The first Anglican parish in the town was carved out of the parish of South Mimms in the 1835. Its church was dedicated to St John and was in a neo-Norman style, located in the S corner of Oakmere Park where the War Memorial now stands; however its experimental concrete construction didn't last well and it had to be replaced by the current parish church of St Mary the Virgin and All Saints' Church at the top of the Walk.(The concrete church survived as an ivy-clad ruin into the 1970s).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> St. Marys contains stained glass including some "fine portraits" of several saints as well as tributes to John Keble, and Randall Davidson. There is a Madonna Window in memory of John Goodacre, a long-time schoolmaster at Potters Bar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>

Other churches include Our Lady and St Vincent (Roman Catholic); King Charles the Martyr, another parish that was carved out of South Mimms, designed by Frederick Charles Eden; Christ Church, Little Heath on the Great North Road; Potters Bar Baptist Church; St John's Methodist Church in Baker Street;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Causeway Free Church; and Potters Bar Spiritualist Church on Hill Rise.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Former religious buildings include: a Christadelphian Hall behind shops at 130 Darkes Lane; a Salvation Army citadel in Station Road;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Roman Catholic church of St Vincent de Paul and Louise Demarillac in Barnet Road, designed by the distinguished church architect F._X._Velarde, demolished circa 2010;<ref>D Wilkinson, A Crompton, F X Velarde, Liverpool UP, 2020ISBN 978-1-78962-814-2</ref> and a quaker meeting in Quaker's Lane.

Non Christian religions are represented by the Jain Temple at the Oshwal Centre between Potters Bar and Northaw, which "recreates a general Māru-Gurjara aesthetic".Template:Cn

Education

There are six primary and infant state schools in Potters Bar and the surrounding area; they are Cranborne School, Ladbrooke JMI, Little Heath Primary, Oakmere Primary, Pope Paul RC Primary and Wroxham School.

Mount Grace School is a mixed grant maintained School in Potters Bar opened in 1954.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Lochinver house school is an all-boys preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1947.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Stormont School is an all-girls preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1944.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Dame Alice Owen's School is a mixed grant-maintained school in Potters Bar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Founded in 1613 and based in Islington until 1973, it is unusual in its 'Visitation' and 'Beer Money' traditions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The town also houses many veterinary medicine (mostly third, fourth and fifth-year) students from the Royal Veterinary College.

Sport, entertainment and recreation

Potters Bar has a King George's Field in memorial to King George V, which is situated behind the Furzefield Centre. There is a swimming pool and leisure centre run by Hertsmere council, which is home to St Albans and Hertsmere Canoe Club.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in the town are Potters Bar Town F.C., Potters Bar Swimming Club (PBSC),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a Scuba diving Club (the Potters Bar Sub Aqua Club), a tennis club, a cricket club. The Wyllyotts Centre is a theatre, cinema and events venue, and is also the location of the town's museum.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Potters Bar is also home to the Hertfordshire Showband (formally known as the Marching Blues).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In December 2018, the golf course at Potters Bar closed after 95 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1983, the area around Potters Bar was used for the on-location filming of the comic-horror film Bloodbath at the House of Death. In 2005, David Walliams and Matt Lucas shot two scenes for the third season of the comedy Little Britain: one scene at Mount Grace School gym and the other at a wedding shop on the High Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Potters Bar is also home to a performing arts school, Top Hat Stage School, which has been running classes at Elm Court Community Centre since 1994.

The Ritz Cinema in Darkes Lane at the corner of Byng Drive was designed and built by cinema entrepreneur Major W. J. King in a modernist-cum-Art Deco style. It opened in 1934 and had a Compton organ in front of the curtain, on a pneumatic lift. The cinema closed in 1967 and was immediately demolished for the construction of a Tesco supermarket, now relocated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable residents

• Amanda Abbington, actress<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Acker Bilk, clarinetist, divided his time between Pensford, Somerset and Potters Bar<ref>Scrumpy & Western Template:Webarchive, Acker Bilk biography</ref>
• Ambika Mod, actress<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Bernard Butler, musician, record producer and guitarist in Suede.<ref>

Have Guitar Will Travel – by David Canvanagh, Q Magazine Q 113 February 1996</ref>

• Roger Fenton, Crimean war photographer who lived at Mount Grace manor house
• Martin Freeman, actor<ref name="telegraph.co.uk" />
• Tony Jacklin, golfer, whose home golf club was Potters Bar Golf Club<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Terry Lightfoot, jazz musician, born in Potters Bar<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Storm Thorgerson, graphic designer, born in Potters Bar<ref name='GUARDIAN1'>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Dolly Shepherd, parachutist and entertainer, born in Potters Bar.
• John Yianni, board game designer (notably of Hive), born in Potters Bar<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Thomas Law, actor (notable for EastEnders and The World's End)

Twinnings

Potters Bar is twinned with:

• Viernheim, Germany
• Franconville, Val-d'Oise, France (since 1973)

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• The Potters Bar Society
• pottersbar.org – local information