Lyndon LaRouche

Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr. (September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2019) was an American political activist who founded the LaRouche movement and its main organization, the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC).<ref name="NYTDeath">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":7">Template:Cite book</ref> He was a prominent conspiracy theorist and perennial presidential candidate.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He began in far-left politics in the 1940s and later supported the civil rights movement; however, in the 1970s, he moved to the far-right.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> His movement is sometimes described as, or likened to, a cult.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":3" />Template:Sfn Convicted of fraud, he served five years in prison from 1989 to 1994.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Born in Rochester, New Hampshire, LaRouche was drawn to socialist and Marxist movements in his twenties during World War II. In the 1950s, while a Trotskyist, he was also a management consultant in New York City.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite book</ref> By the 1960s, he became engaged in increasingly smaller and more radical splinter groups. During the 1970s, he created the foundation of the LaRouche movement and became more engaged in conspiratorial beliefs and violent and illegal activities. Instead of the radical left, he embraced radical right politics and antisemitism.<ref name=":8" />Template:Sfn At various times, he alleged that he had been targeted for assassination by Queen Elizabeth II, Zionist mobsters, his own associates (who he said had been drugged and brainwashed by CIA and British spies), in addition to others.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979" /><ref name=":5" />

It is estimated that the LaRouche movement never exceeded a few thousand members, but it had an outsized political influence,<ref name=":4" /> raising more than $200 million by one estimate,<ref name=":1" /> and running candidates in more than 4,000 elections in the 1980s.<ref name=":8" /> It was noted for disguising its candidates as conservative Democrats and harassing opponents.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" /> It reached its height in electoral success when Larouchite candidates won the Democratic primaries for the 1986 Illinois gubernatorial election and related state offices; this alarmed Democratic Party officials, whose national spokesman called the Larouchites "kook fringe".<ref name=":6" /> The defeated mainstream Democratic candidates ran in the general election as members of the Illinois Solidarity Party; the Larouchite Democrats all finished a distant third. Later in the 1980s, as part of the LaRouche criminal trials, criminal investigations led to convictions of several LaRouche movement members, including LaRouche himself. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment but served only five.

LaRouche was a perennial candidate for President of the United States. He ran in every election from 1976 to 2004 as a candidate of third parties established by members of his movement, peaking at around 78,000 votes in the 1984 United States presidential election.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also tried to gain the Democratic presidential nomination. In the 1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he received 5% of the total nationwide vote. In 2000, he received enough primary votes to qualify for delegates in some states, but the Democratic National Committee refused to seat his delegates and barred LaRouche from attending the Democratic National Convention.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Early life

LaRouche was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, the oldest of three children of Jessie Lenore (Template:Nee Weir) and Lyndon H. LaRouche Sr.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His paternal grandfather's family emigrated to the United States from Rimouski, Quebec, whereas his maternal grandfather was born in Scotland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His father worked for the United Shoe Machinery Corporation in Rochester before the family moved to Lynn, Massachusetts.<ref>Template:Harvnb and Template:Harvnb.</ref>

His parents became Quakers after his father converted from Catholicism. They forbade him from fighting with other children, even in self-defense, which he said led to "years of hell" from bullies at school. As a result, he spent much of his time alone, taking long walks through the woods and identifying in his mind with great philosophers. He wrote that, between the ages of 12 and 14, he read philosophy extensively, embracing the ideas of Leibniz and rejecting those of Hume, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, Rousseau, and Kant.<ref>For the parents' religions and other details, see Template:Harvnb, p. 3, and Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For "years of hell" and bullying, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For spending time alone and identifying with philosophers, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For the particular philosophers he read, see Template:Harvnb.</ref> He graduated from Lynn English High School in 1940. In the same year, the Lynn Quakers expelled his father from the group, for reportedly accusing other Quakers of misusing funds, while writing under the pen name Hezekiah Micajah Jones. LaRouche and his mother resigned in sympathy with his father.<ref>For his graduation, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For his father's expulsion, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For an entry mentioning LaRouche in Quaker records, see Stattler, Richard. "Guide to the Records of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in New England" Template:Webarchive, Rhode Island Historical Society, 1997, p. 92.</ref>

University studies, Marxism, marriage

LaRouche attended Northeastern University in Boston and left in 1942. He later wrote that his teachers "lacked the competence to teach me on conditions I was willing to tolerate".<ref name=Witt2004p3>Template:Harvnb, p. 3</ref> As a Quaker, he was a conscientious objector during World War II and joined a Civilian Public Service camp in lieu of military service.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1944, he decided to enlist in the United States Army and served with the Medical Corps in India and Burma during the Burma campaign. At the end of the war, he was working as a clerk in the Ordnance Corps, and later described his decision to enlist as the most important decision of his life.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche said that being asked to express his views on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a group of fellow G.I.s led him to define his "principal lifelong political commitment, that the United States should take postwar world leadership in establishing a world order dedicated to promoting the economic development of what we call today "developing nations".<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

LaRouche wrote that he discussed Marxism in the CO camp, and while traveling home on the SS General Bradley in 1946, he met Don Merrill, a fellow soldier, also from Lynn, who converted him to Trotskyism. Back in the U.S., he resumed his education at Northeastern University but dropped out.<ref name=":8" /> He returned to Lynn in 1948 and the next year joined the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) to recruit at the GE River Works there, adopting the name "Lyn Marcus" for his political work.<ref>For how he adopted Marxism and Trotskyism, for his studies, and joining the SWP, see Template:Harvnb, pp. 62–64. For his use of Lyn Marcus, see Template:Unfit.</ref><ref name=":8" /> He arrived in New York City in 1953, where he worked as a management consultant.<ref>For his work as a management consultant, see Template:Harvnb, p. 4.</ref> In 1954 he married Janice Neuberger, a member of the SWP. Their son, Daniel, was born in 1956.<ref>Template:Harvnb, pp. 8–9.</ref>

Career

1960s

Teaching and the National Caucus of Labor Committees

By 1961, the LaRouches were living on Central Park West in Manhattan, and LaRouche's activities were mostly focused on his career and not on the SWP. He and his wife separated in 1963, and he moved into a Greenwich Village apartment with another SWP member, Carol Schnitzer, also known as Larrabee.<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 9.</ref> In 1964 he began an association with an SWP faction called the Revolutionary Tendency, a faction later expelled from the SWP, and came under the influence of British Trotskyist leader Gerry Healy.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

For six months, LaRouche worked with American Healyite leader Tim Wohlforth, who later wrote that LaRouche had a "gargantuan ego" and "a marvelous ability to place any world happening in a larger context, which seemed to give the event additional meaning, but his thinking was schematic, lacking factual detail and depth." Leaving Wohlforth's group, LaRouche briefly joined the rival Spartacist League before announcing his intention to build a new Fifth International.<ref name=Wohlforth>Template:Harvnb, undated.</ref>

In 1967, LaRouche began teaching classes on Marx's dialectical materialism at New York City's Free School,<ref name="Lewers">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Self-published source</ref>Template:Self-published inline and attracted a group of students from Columbia University and the City College of New York, recommending that they read Das Kapital, as well as Hegel, Kant, and Leibniz. During the 1968 Columbia University protests, he organized his supporters under the name National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC).<ref name="Lewers"/> The aim of the NCLC was to win control of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) branchTemplate:Sndthe university's main activist groupTemplate:Sndand build a political alliance between students, local residents, organized labor, and the Columbia faculty.<ref>Fraser, Steve. "NCLC Frame Up", Great Speckled Bird, February 22, 1971.</ref><ref>Also see Template:Harvnb, p. 116.</ref><ref>The NCLC was at first called the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) Labor Committee.</ref><ref>For LaRouche's teaching, see Template:Harvnb, pp. 13–14.</ref> By 1973, the NCLC had over 600 members in 25 citiesTemplate:Sndincluding West Berlin and StockholmTemplate:Sndand produced what LaRouche's biographer, Dennis King, called the most literate of the far-left papers, New Solidarity.<ref>Template:Harvnb, pp. 17–18.</ref><ref>Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", National Review, March 30, 1979.</ref> The NCLC's internal activities became highly regimented over the next few years. Members gave up their jobs and devoted themselves to the group and its leader, believing it would soon take control of America's trade unions and overthrow the government.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For members giving up their jobs, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>For members giving up their jobs, see: Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

1970s

1971: Intelligence network

Template:Further Robert J. Alexander writes that LaRouche first established an NCLC "intelligence network" in 1971. Members all over the world sent information to NCLC headquarters, which would distribute the information via briefings and other publications. LaRouche organized the network as a series of news services and magazines, which critics say was done to gain access to government officials under press cover.<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 189.</ref> The publications included Executive Intelligence Review, founded in 1974. Other periodicals under his aegis included New Solidarity, Fusion Magazine, 21st Century Science and Technology, and Campaigner Magazine. His news services and publishers included American System Publications, Campaigner Publications, New Solidarity International Press Service, and The New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Company. LaRouche acknowledged in 1980 that his followers impersonated reporters and others, saying it had to be done for his security.<ref> "LaRouche Says His Supporters Take Covert Roles in Campaign" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, February 15, 1980: "Lyndon H. LaRouche, the former head of the U.S. Labor Party who is now running as a Democrat, has said that his campaign workers impersonate reporters and others, contending that the covert operation is needed for his security."

• Other publications included International Journal of Fusion, Investigative Leads, War on Drugs, The Young Scientist, American Labor Beacon, New Federalist, Nouvelle Solidarité, and Neue Solidarität.

</ref> In 1982, U.S. News & World Report sued New Solidarity International Press Service and Campaigner Publications for damages, alleging that members were impersonating its reporters in phone calls.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

U.S. sources told The Washington Post in 1985 that the LaRouche organization had assembled a worldwide network of government and military contacts, and that his researchers sometimes supplied information to government officials. Bobby Ray Inman, the CIA's deputy director in 1981 and 1982, said LaRouche and his wife had visited him, offering information about the West German Green Party. A CIA spokesman said LaRouche met Deputy Director John McMahon in 1983 to discuss one of LaRouche's trips overseas. An aide to Deputy Secretary of State William Clark said when LaRouche's associates discussed technology or economics, they made good sense and seemed qualified. Norman Bailey, formerly with the U.S. National Security Council, said in 1984 that LaRouche's staff comprised "one of the best private intelligence services in the world. ... They do know a lot of people around the world. They do get to talk to prime ministers and presidents." Several government officials feared a security leak from the government's ties with the movement.<ref> For Bailey's comment in 1984, see Template:Harvnb.

• For the rest, see Mintz, January 15, 1985 Template:Webarchive.

</ref> According to critics, the supposed behind-the-scenes processes were more often flights of fancy than inside information. Douglas Foster wrote in Mother Jones in 1982 that the briefings consisted of disinformation, "hate-filled" material about enemies, phony letters, intimidation, fake newspaper articles, and dirty tricks campaigns.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Opponents were accused of being gay or Nazis, or were linked to murders, which the movement called "psywar techniques".<ref>For psywar techniques, see Template:Harvnb, p. 190.</ref><ref>For Alexander, Template:Harvnb, p. 948.</ref>

From the 1970s to the first decade of the 21st century, LaRouche founded several groups and companies. In addition to the National Caucus of Labor Committees, there was the Citizens Electoral Council (Australia), the National Democratic Policy Committee, the Fusion Energy Foundation, and the U.S. Labor Party. In 1984, he founded the Schiller Institute in Germany with his second wife, and three political parties thereTemplate:Sndthe Europäische Arbeiterpartei, Patrioten für Deutschland, and Bürgerrechtsbewegung SolidaritätTemplate:Sndand in 2000 the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement. His printing services included Computron Technologies, Computype, World Composition Services, and PMR Printing Company, Inc, or PMR Associates.<ref>Template:Harvnb.

• Other groups included the International Caucus of Labor Committees, the Club of Life, the Committee for a Fair Election, the Humanist Academy, the International Workingman's Defense Fund, the Lafayette Academy for the Arts and Sciences, the LaRouche Campaign, the National Anti-Drug Coalition, the National Unemployed and Welfare Rights Organization, and the Revolutionary Youth Movement.
• For more on the companies, see Mintz, January 13, 1985 Template:Webarchive.

</ref>

1973: Political shift; "Operation Mop-Up"

File:Fbidoc.jpg

A 1973 internal FBI letter, noting the Communist Party's efforts to eliminate LaRouche, and suggesting submission of a "blind memorandum" to the Communist Party's newspaper.

LaRouche wrote in his 1987 autobiography that violent altercations had begun in 1969 between his NCLC members and several New Left groups when Mark Rudd's faction began assaulting LaRouche's faction at Columbia University.<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 117.</ref> Press accounts alleged that between April and September 1973, during what LaRouche called "Operation Mop-Up", NCLC members began physically attacking members of leftist groups that LaRouche classified as "left-protofascists"; an editorial in LaRouche's New Solidarity said of the Communist Party that the movement "must dispose of this stinking corpse".<ref>For the name "Operation Mop-Up", see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>For the Village Voice, see Hentoff, January 24, 1974 Template:Webarchive, pp. 8, 10, and for its discussion of the New Solidarity editorial, see p. 30.</ref><ref>Also see Template:Harvnb, p. 946.</ref> Armed with chains, bats, and martial-art nunchuk sticks, NCLC members assaulted Communist Party, SWP, and Progressive Labor Party members and Black Power activists on the streets and during meetings. At least 60 assaults were reported. The operation ended when police arrested several of LaRouche's followers; there were no convictions, and LaRouche maintained they had acted in self-defense. Journalist and LaRouche biographer Dennis King writes that the FBI may have tried to aggravate the strife, using measures such as anonymous mailings, to keep the groups at each other's throats.<ref>For the description of the assaults, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Template:Webarchive, and Hentoff, January 24, 1974 Template:Webarchive, pp. 8, 10, 30.</ref><ref>For the number of assaults, see Template:Harvnb, p. 947.</ref><ref>For the arrests, see Template:Harvnb, pp. 23–24.</ref><ref>Also see Clines, October 11, 1973 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>For no convictions see Mintz, September 20, 1987 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>For LaRouche saying he acted in self-defence, see Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Template:Webarchive.</ref> LaRouche said he met representatives of the Soviet Union at the United Nations in 1974 and 1975 to discuss attacks by the Communist Party USA on the NCLC and propose a merger, but said he received no assistance from them.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> One FBI memo, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, proposes assisting the CPUSA in an investigation "for the purpose of ultimately eliminating him [LaRouche] and the threat of the NCLC" (see image to left).Template:Third-party inline

LaRouche's critics, such as King and Antony Lerman, allege that in 1973, with little warning, LaRouche adopted more extreme ideas, a process accompanied by a campaign of violence against his opponents on the left, and the development of conspiracy theories and paranoia about his personal safety.<ref name=Lerman212>Template:Harvnb, p. 212.</ref> According to these accounts, he began to believe he was under threat of assassination from the Soviet Union, the CIA, Libya, drug dealers, and bankers.<ref name=MintzDec181987>Mintz, December 18, 1987 Template:Webarchive.</ref> He also established a "Biological Holocaust Task Force", which, according to LaRouche, analyzed the public health consequences of International Monetary Fund (IMF) austerity policies for impoverished nations in Africa, and predicted that epidemics of cholera as well as possibly entirely new diseases would strike Africa in the 1980s.<ref name="Toumey-1996-pp.87-92">Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>Grauerholz, Dr. John, The AIDS Epidemic Four Years Later: LaRouche Was Right Template:Webarchive, EIR August 17, 1990</ref>

1973: U.S. Labor Party

Template:Further LaRouche founded the U.S. Labor Party in 1973 as the political arm of the NCLC.<ref>Template:Unfit.</ref><ref>Also see Rose, Gregory F. "The Swarmy Life and Times of the NCLC", National Review, March 30, 1979</ref> At first, the party was "preaching Marxist revolution"; however, by 1977, it shifted from left-wing to right-wing politics.<ref>Reich, Kenneth (September 21, 1977). "Tiny U.S. Labor Party Seeks Allies on the Right" Template:Webarchive. Los Angeles Times, page A3.</ref> A two-part article in The New York Times in 1979 by Howard Blum and Paul L. Montgomery alleged that LaRouche had turned the party (at that point with 1,000 members in 37 offices in North America, and 26 in Europe and Latin America) into an extreme-right, antisemitic organization, despite the presence of Jewish members. LaRouche denied the newspaper's charges, and said he had filed a $100 million libel suit; his press secretary said the articles were intended to "set up a credible climate for an assassination hit".<ref>Kenney, February 17, 1980 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

The Times alleged that members had taken courses in how to use knives and rifles; that a farm in upstate New York had been used for guerrilla training; and that several members had undergone a six-day anti-terrorist training course run by Mitchell WerBell III, an arms dealer and former member of the Office of Strategic Services, who said he had ties to the CIA. Journalists and publications the party regarded as unfriendly were harassed, and it published a list of potential assassins it saw as a threat. LaRouche expected members to devote themselves entirely to the party, place their savings and possessions at its disposal, and take out loans on its behalf. Party officials decided who each member should live with, and if someone left the movement, the remaining member was expected to live separately from the ex-member. LaRouche questioned spouses about their partner's sexual habits, the Times said, and in one case reportedly ordered a member to stop having sex with his wife, because it was making him "politically impotent".<ref name=Blum1979>Blum, October 7, 1979 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>For Mitchell Werbell saying he had ties to the CIA, see Montgomery, October 8, 1979 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>LaRouche hired WerBell as a security consultant for protection against an assassination threat and to train his security staff; see Template:Harvnb.</ref>

1973: "Ego-stripping" and "brainwashing" allegations

LaRouche began writing in 1973 about the use of certain psychological techniques on recruits. In an article called "Beyond Psychoanalysis", he wrote that a worker's persona had to be stripped away to arrive at a state he called "little me", from which it would be possible to "rebuild their personalities around a new socialist identity", according to The Washington Post.<ref>Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Marcus, L. (Lyndon LaRouche). "Beyond Psychoanalysis" Template:Webarchive, The Campaigner, Vol 6, Nos. 3–4; September/October 1973.</ref> The New York Times wrote that the first such sessionTemplate:Sndwhich LaRouche called "ego-stripping"Template:Sndinvolved a German member, Konstantin George, in the summer of 1973. LaRouche said that during the session he discovered that a plot to assassinate him had been implanted in George's mind.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt/>

He recorded sessions with a 26-year-old British member, Chris White, who had moved to England with LaRouche's former partner, Carol Schnitzer. In December 1973 LaRouche asked the couple to return to the U.S. His followers sent tapes of the subsequent sessions with White to The New York Times as evidence of an assassination plot. According to the Times, "[t]here are sounds of weeping, and vomiting on the tapes, and Mr. White complains of being deprived of sleep, food and cigarettes. At one point someone says 'raise the voltage', but [LaRouche] says this was associated with the bright lights used in the questioning rather than an electric shock." The Times wrote: "Mr. White complains of a terrible pain in his arm, then LaRouche can be heard saying, 'That's not real. That's in the program'." LaRouche told the newspaper White had been "reduced to an eight-cycle infinite loop with look-up table, with homosexual bestiality". He said White had not been harmed and that a physicianTemplate:Snda LaRouche movement memberTemplate:Sndhad been present throughout.<ref name=MontgomeryWitt>Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Template:Webarchive, p. 51, column 5.</ref><ref>Also see Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Template:Webarchive.</ref> White ended up telling LaRouche he had been programmed by the CIA and British intelligence to set up LaRouche for assassination by Cuban exile frogmen.<ref name=Tourish2000p74>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

According to The Washington Post, "brainwashing hysteria" took hold of the movement. One activist said he attended meetings where members were writhing on the floor saying they needed de-programming.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In two weeks in January 1974, the group issued 41 separate press releases about brainwashing. One activist, Alice Weitzman, expressed skepticism about the claims.<ref>For the Weitzman details, see Montgomery, January 20, 1974 Template:Webarchive, p. 1; for 41 press releases about brainwashing, see p. 51, column 2.

• For the police investigation, see The New York Times, January 24, 1974 Template:Webarchive and February 27, 1974 Template:Webarchive.
• Also see Template:Harvnb, pp. 74–75.</ref>

1974: Contacts with far-right groups, intelligence gathering

LaRouche established contacts with Willis Carto's Liberty Lobby and elements of the Ku Klux Klan in 1974.<ref>Template:Harvnb
Template:*Boyer, May 31, 1986 Template:Webarchive
Template:*Template:Cite magazine
Template:*Template:Cite book
Template:*Template:Harvnb
Template:*Template:Cite book</ref> Frank Donner and Randall Rothenberg wrote that he made successful overtures to the Liberty Lobby and George Wallace's American Independent Party, adding that the "racist" policies of LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party endeared it to members of the Ku Klux Klan.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> George Michael, in Willis Carto and the American Far Right, says that LaRouche shared with the Liberty Lobby's Willis Carto an antipathy towards the Rockefeller family.<ref name=Michael>Template:Harvnb</ref> The Liberty Lobby defended its alliance with LaRouche by saying the U.S. Labor Party had been able to "confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left".<ref name=Michael/>

Gregory Rose, a former chief of counter-intelligence for LaRouche who became an FBI informant in 1973, said that while the LaRouche movement had extensive links to the Liberty Lobby, there was also copious evidence of a connection to the Soviet Union. George and Wilcox say neither connection amounted to muchTemplate:Sndthey assert that LaRouche was "definitely not a Soviet agent" and state that while the contact with the Liberty Lobby is often used to imply Template:"'links' and 'ties' between LaRouche and the extreme right", it was in fact transient and marked by mutual suspicion. The Liberty Lobby soon pronounced itself disillusioned with LaRouche, citing his movement's adherence to "basic socialist positions" and his softness on "the major Zionist groups" as fundamental points of difference. According to George and Wilcox, American neo-Nazi leaders expressed misgivings over the number of Jews and members of other minority groups in his organization, and did not consider LaRouche an ally.<ref>For Gregory Rose's position, see Johnson 1983, p. 204.

• Template:Harvnb.</ref> George Johnson, in Architects of Fear, similarly states that LaRouche's overtures to far right groups were pragmatic rather than sincere. A 1975 party memo spoke of uniting with these groups only to overthrow the established order, adding that once that goal had been accomplished, "eliminating our right-wing opposition will be comparatively easy".<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 207.</ref>

Howard Blum wrote in The New York Times that, from 1976 onward, party members sent reports to the FBI and local police regarding members of left-wing organizations. In 1977, he wrote, commercial reports on U.S. anti-apartheid groups were prepared by LaRouche members for the South African government, student dissidents were reported to the Shah of Iran's Savak secret police, and the anti-nuclear movement was investigated on behalf of power companies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Johnson says the intelligence network was made up of "obnoxious devotees commandeering WATS lines and tricking bureaucrats into giving them information".<ref name="Johnson1989">Template:Harvnb</ref> By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with Roy Frankhouser, a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party.<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320"/><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 63.</ref> The LaRouche organization believed Frankhouser to be a federal agent who had been assigned to infiltrate right-wing and left-wing groups, and that he had evidence that these groups were actually being manipulated or controlled by the FBI and other agencies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>"The Busing Plot: CIA Plans Fall Race Riots, Organizes Both Sides"[1] Template:Webarchive, EIR, July 8, 1974</ref> LaRouche and his associates considered Frankhouser to be a valuable intelligence contact, and took his links to extremist groups to be a cover for his intelligence work.<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"/> Frankhouser played into these expectations, misrepresenting himself as a conduit for communications to LaRouche from "Mr. Ed", an alleged CIA contact who did not exist in reality.<ref name="Wilcox-1992-pp319-320"/><ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

Blum wrote, at around this time, that LaRouche's Computron Technologies Corporation included Mobil Oil and Citibank among its clients, that his World Composition Services had one of the most advanced typesetting complexes in the city and had the Ford Foundation among its clients, and that his PMR Associates produced the party's publications and some high school newspapers.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979">Blum, October 7, 1979 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

Around the same time, according to Blum, LaRouche was telling his membership several times a year that he was being targeted for assassination, including by the Queen of the United Kingdom, Zionist mobsters, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Justice Department, and the Mossad.<ref name="Blum, October 7, 1979"/> LaRouche sued the City of New York in 1974, saying the CIA and British spies had tortured and drugged his associates to brainwash his associates into killing him.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite news</ref> According to The Patriot-News of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, LaRouche said he had been "threatened by Communists, Zionists, narcotics gangsters, the Rockefellers and international terrorists."<ref>"Federal Probe Pins Top Aides of LaRouche", Philip Shenon, Patriot – News, October 7, 1986</ref> LaRouche later said:

1975–1976: presidential campaign

File:Lyndon LaRouche 1976.jpg

LaRouche, 1976

File:Kelley-lg.jpg

In 1975 Clarence M. Kelley, FBI Director, called the NCLC a "violence-oriented organization".<ref name=Rosenfeld1976/>

In March 1975, Clarence M. Kelley, director of the FBI, testified before the House Appropriations Committee that the NCLC was "a violence-oriented organization of 'revolutionary socialists' with a membership of nearly 1,000 in chapters in some 50 cities". He said that during the previous two years its members had been "involved in fights, beatings, using drugs, kidnappings, brainwashings, and at least one shooting. They are reported to be armed, to have received defensive training such as karate, and to attend cadre schools and training schools to learn military tactics".<ref name=Rosenfeld1976> Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Template:Webarchive.

• For Clarence Kelley's statement, see "Nomination of Hon. Andrew Young as U.S. Representative to U.N." Template:Webarchive, Committee on Foreign Relations, January 25, 1977, p. 49.

</ref>

In 1975, under the name Lyn Marcus, LaRouche published Dialectical Economics: An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy, described by its only reviewer as "the most peculiar and idiosyncratic" introduction to economics he had ever seen. Mixing economics, history, anthropology, sociology and a surprisingly large helping of business administration, the work argued that most prominent Marxists had misunderstood Marx, and that bourgeois economics arose when philosophy took a wrong, reductionist turn under British empiricists like Locke and Hume.<ref name=HigherEd>McLemee, Scott. The LaRouche Youth Movement Template:Webarchive, Inside Higher Ed, July 11, 2007</ref><ref name=Bronf>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1976, LaRouche campaigned for the first time in a presidential election as a U.S. Labor Party candidate, polling 40,043 votes (0.05%). It was the first of eight consecutive presidential elections in which he ran between 1976 and 2004. It enabled him to attract $5.9 million in federal matching funds; candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination qualify for matching funds if they raise $5,000 in each of at least 20 states.<ref> Witt, October 24, 2004, p. 3 Template:Webarchive.

• "Federal matching funds" Template:Webarchive, BBC News, February 22, 2000.
• For the number of votes, see "American president election, 1976" Template:Webarchive, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 22, 2011.

</ref> His platform predicted financial disaster by 1980 accompanied by famine and the virtual extinction of the human race within 15 years, and proposed a debt moratorium; nationalization of banks; government investment in industry especially in the aerospace sector, and an "International Development Bank" to facilitate higher food production.<ref>Dabilis, Andy. "Labor candidates explain platform", The Sunday Sun, (Lowell, Mass), May 30, 1976, p. B5.

• Also see Johnson, Donald Bruce. National Party Platforms: 1960–1976. Volume 2, University of Illinois Press, 1978, p. 1007.</ref> When Legionnaires' disease appeared in the U.S. that year, he said it was a continuation of the swine flu outbreak, and that senators who opposed vaccination were suppressing the link as part of a "genocidal policy".<ref>Gregg, March 1987 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

His campaign included a paid half-hour television address, which allowed him to air his views before a national audience, something that became a regular feature of his later campaigns. There were protests about this, and about the NCLC's involvement in public life generally. Writing in The Washington Post, Stephen Rosenfeld said LaRouche's ideas belonged to the radical right, neo-Nazi fringe, and that his main interests lay in disruption and disinformation; Rosenfeld called the NCLC one of the "chief polluters" of political democracy. Rosenfeld argued that the press should be "chary" of offering them print or airtime: "A duplicitous violence-prone group with fascistic proclivities should not be presented to the public, unless there is reason to present it in those terms." LaRouche wrote in 1999 that this comment had "openly declared ... a policy of malicious lying" against him.<ref> For Rosenfeld in The Washington Post, see Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Template:Webarchive.

• For LaRouche's view of Rosenfeld's article, see LaRouche, July 2, 1999 Template:Webarchive, footnote 25.
• For another account of the Detroit attack on the SWP, see Template:Harvnb

</ref>

File:Helga Zepp-LaRouche Axis for Peace 2005-11-17.jpg

Helga Zepp in 2005

1977: Second marriage

LaRouche married again in 1977. His wife, Helga Zepp, was then a leading activist in the West German branch of the movement. She went on to work closely with LaRouche for the rest of her career, standing for election in Germany in 1980 for his Europäische Arbeiterpartei (European Workers Party), and founding the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.<ref>For the election, see "Dunkle Kräfte" Template:Webarchive, Der Spiegel, September 22, 1980; pdf here Template:Webarchive; Google translation Template:Webarchive.

• For the Schiller Institute, see Template:Harvnb, pp. xiii, 41.</ref>

1980s

National Democratic Policy Committee, "October Surprise" theory

From the autumn of 1979, the LaRouche movement conducted most of its U.S. electoral activities as the National Democratic Policy Committee (NDPC), a political action committee.<ref> Frank, Lynn. "Klenetsky opposes Moynihan with unusual list of charges" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, September 20, 1982.

• Also see Richard, Clay F. "Radical LaRouche Allies Seeking Many Offices" Template:Webarchive, UPI, March 27, 1986.

</ref> The name drew complaints from the Democratic Party's Democratic National Committee. Democratic Party leaders refused to recognize LaRouche as a party member, or to seat the few delegates he received in his seven primary campaigns as a Democrat.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> In its 2019 obituary of LaRouche, New York magazine reported that LaRouche's attempts to pose as a Democrat were originally an attempt at a spoiler operation to divide the opponents of Ronald Reagan.<ref name="NYM20190213">Template:Cite news</ref>

LaRouche's campaign platforms advocated a return to the Bretton Woods system, including a gold-based national and world monetary system; fixed exchange rates; and abolishing the International Monetary Fund.<ref>Benshoff, Anastasia. "Bush and Clinton aren't the only candidates in presidential race," Associated Press, August 27, 1992.</ref> He supported the replacement of the central bank system, including the U.S. Federal Reserve System, with a "national bank";<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> a war on drug trafficking and prosecution of banks involved in money laundering;<ref>The Boston Globe, February 26, 1980 Template:Webarchive.</ref> building a tunnel under the Bering Strait; the building of nuclear power plants; and a crash program to build particle-beam weapons and lasers, including support for elements of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). He opposed the Soviet Union and supported a military buildup to prepare for imminent war; supported the screening and quarantine of AIDS patients; and opposed environmentalism, deregulation, outcome-based education, and abortion:<ref>"Rightist LaRouche started out as a Marxist" Template:Webarchive, Chicago Sun-Times, March 20, 1986, p. 4.</ref>

In December 1980, LaRouche and his followers started what came to be known as the "October Surprise" allegation,<ref name="Newsweek; November 10, 1991">Template:Cite news</ref> namely that in October 1980 Ronald Reagan's campaign staff conspired with the Iranian government during the Iran hostage crisis to delay the release of 52 American hostages held in Iran, with the aim of helping Reagan win the 1980 United States presidential election against Jimmy Carter. The Iranians had agreed to this, according to the theory, in exchange for future weapons sales from the Reagan administration. The first publication of the story was in LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review on December 2, 1980, followed by his New Solidarity on September 2, 1983, alleging that Henry Kissinger, one of LaRouche's regular targets, had met Iran's Ayatollah Beheshti in Paris, according to Iranian sources in Paris. The theory was later echoed by former Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr and former Naval intelligence officer and National Security Council member Gary Sick.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1983: Move from New York to Loudoun County

The Washington Post wrote that LaRouche and his wife moved in August 1983 from New York to a 13-room Georgian mansion on a 250-acre section of the Woodburn Estate, near Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia. The property was owned at the time by a company registered in Switzerland. Companies associated with LaRouche continued to buy property in the area, including part of Leesburg's industrial park, purchased by LaRouche's Lafayette/Leesburg Ltd. Partnership to develop a printing plant and office complex.<ref name=MintzJan131985/>

Neighbors said they saw LaRouche guards in camouflage clothes carrying semi-automatic weapons, and the Post wrote that the house had sandbag-buttressed guard posts nearby, along with metal spikes in the driveway and concrete barriers on the road. One of his aides said LaRouche was safer in Loudoun County: "The terrorist organizations which have targeted Mr. LaRouche do not have bases of operations in Virginia." LaRouche said his new home meant a shorter commute to Washington. A former associate said the move also meant his members would be more isolated from friends and family than they had been in New York.<ref name=MintzJan131985>Mintz, January 13, 1985 Template:Webarchive.</ref> According to the Post in 2004, local people who opposed him for any reason were accused in LaRouche publications of being communists, homosexuals, drug pushers, and terrorists. He reportedly accused the Leesburg Garden Club of being a nest of Soviet sympathizers, and a local lawyer who opposed LaRouche on a zoning matter went into hiding after threatening phone calls and a death threat.<ref name=Witt2004p3/> In leaflets supporting his application of concealed weapons permits for his bodyguards in Leesburg, Virginia, he wrote:

Of LaRouche's paramilitary security force, armed with semi-automatic weapons,<ref>"1986 Authorities See Pattern of Threats, Plots Dark Side of LaRouche Empire Surfaces", Kevin Roderick, Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986</ref> a spokesperson said that it was necessary because LaRouche was the subject of "assassination conspiracies".<ref>"CBS Sells Time To Fringe Candidate For Talk", Petter Kerr, New York Times January 22, 1984</ref>

File:Lyndon LaRouche 1984.jpg

LaRouche during his 1984 presidential campaign

1984: Schiller Institute, television spots, contact with Reagan administration

Template:Further Helga Zepp-LaRouche founded the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.<ref>The New York Times, May 29, 1985 Template:Webarchive.</ref> In the same year, LaRouche raised enough money to purchase 14 television spots, at $330,000 each, in which he called Walter Mondale—the Democratic Party's presidential nominee—a Soviet agent of influence, triggering over 1,000 telephone complaints.<ref> For the cost of the spots, see Template:Harvnb.

• For Mondale, see The New York Times, undated Template:Webarchive.
• For the 1,000 complaints, see Associated Press, October 24, 1984 Template:Webarchive.
• For his allegations about Henry Kissinger, see "Lyndon H. LaRouche to speak on ABC-TV at midnight"Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore, PR Newswire, March 26, 1984.

</ref> On April 19, 1986, NBC's Saturday Night Live aired a sketch satirizing the ads, portraying the Queen of the United Kingdom and Henry Kissinger as drug dealers. LaRouche received 78,773 votes in the 1984 presidential election.<ref>For Saturday Night Live, see Springston, April 23, 1986.

• For the number of votes, see American presidential election, 1984" Template:Webarchive, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref>

In 1984, media reports stated that LaRouche and his aides had met Reagan administration officials, including Norman Bailey, senior director of international economic affairs for the National Security Council (NSC), and Richard Morris, special assistant to William P. Clark, Jr. There were also reported contacts with the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the CIA. The LaRouche campaign said the reporting was full of errors.<ref> For Bailey and Morris meetings, and for LaRouche saying the report was mistaken, see "CIA admits talks with rightist pol" Template:Webarchive, Philadelphia Daily News, November 1, 1984.

• For DEA, DIA, and CIA, see Template:Harvnb.

</ref> In 1984 two Pentagon officials spoke at a LaRouche rally in Virginia; a Defense Department spokesman said the Pentagon viewed LaRouche's group as a "conservative group ... very supportive of the administration." White House spokesman Larry Speakes said the Administration was "glad to talk to" any American citizen who might have information.<ref>Template:Harvnb.

• Corn, June 26, 1989.</ref> According to Bailey, the contacts were broken off when they became public.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> Three years later, LaRouche blamed his criminal indictment on the NSC, saying he had been in conflict with Oliver North over LaRouche's opposition to the Nicaraguan Contras.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> According to a LaRouche publication, a court-ordered search of North's files produced a May 1986 telex from Iran–Contra defendant General Richard Secord, discussing the gathering of information to be used against LaRouche.<ref>

"LaRouche Lawyers Seek North's Notebooks" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, April 7, 1988.

• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}, Executive Intelligence Review, October 12, 2008. </ref> According to King, LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review was the first to report important details of the Iran–Contra affair, predicting that a major scandal was about to break months before mainstream media picked up on the story.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

Strategic Defense Initiative

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Wheat Building-Leesburg VA.jpg

The Wheat Building in Leesburg, Virginia, which housed the Fusion Energy Foundation in the 1980s.

The LaRouche campaign supported Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Dennis King wrote that LaRouche had been speculating about space-based weaponry as early as 1975. He set up the Fusion Energy Foundation, which held conferences and tried to cultivate scientists, with some success. In 1979, FEF representatives attended a Moscow conference on laser fusion. LaRouche began to promote the use of lasers and related technologies for both military and civilian purposes, calling for a "revolution in machine tools."<ref name="The Last Rosicrucian">Benedictine, Kirll, and Diunov, Michael, "The Last Rosicrucian" Template:Webarchive Terra-America, April 16, 2012</ref>

According to King, LaRouche's associates had for some years been in contact with members of the Reagan administration about LaRouche's space-based weapons ideas.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> LaRouche proposed the development of defensive beam technologies as a policy that was in the interest of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as the alternative to an arms race in offensive weapons and as a generator of spin-off economic benefits. Between February 1982 and February 1983, with the NSC's approval, LaRouche met with Soviet embassy representative Evgeny Shershnev to discuss the proposal. During this period, Soviet economists also began to study LaRouche's economic forecasting model. But after Reagan's public announcement of the SDI in March 1983, Soviet representatives broke off contact with LaRouche and his representatives.<ref name="The Last Rosicrucian"/>

Physicist Edward Teller, a proponent of SDI and X-ray lasers, told reporters in 1984 that he had been courted by LaRouche but had kept his distance. LaRouche began calling his plan the "LaRouche-Teller proposal," though they had never met. Teller said LaRouche was "a poorly informed man with fantastic conceptions."<ref name=Siano1992>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

LaRouche later attributed the collapse of the Soviet Union to its refusal to follow his advice to accept Reagan's offer to share the technology.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}.

• LaRouche's promotion of space colonization included dealings with German scientists and engineers who had worked under the Nazi government during the Second World War, some of whom had emigrated to the U.S. and had ended up working for NASA. They included Arthur Rudolph and several other Peenemunde rocket experts, such as Krafft Arnold Ehricke, Adolf Busemann, Konrad Dannenberg, and Hermann Oberth. When Rudolph was forced to renounce his U.S. citizenship after an investigation into his past, LaRouche supporters formed a defense fund for him. LaRouche also collaborated with Ehricke on ideas about the colonization of the moon and Mars; after Ehricke's death, LaRouche sponsored the "Krafft Ehricke Memorial Conference," and in 1988 delivered a national TV broadcast titled "The Woman on Mars."

See Template:Harvnb

• Template:Harvnb
• Template:Harvnb</ref> Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld reported in his 2011 memoir that at a 2001 dinner in Russia with leading officials, he was told by General Yuri Baluyevsky, then the second highest-ranking officer in the Russian military, that LaRouche was the brains behind SDI. Rumsfeld said he believed LaRouche had had no influence on the program, and surmised that Baluyevsky must have obtained the information off the Internet.<ref>Rumsfeld, Donald, Known and Unknown, Sentinel, 2011, Template:ISBN, p. 309</ref> In 2012 the former head of the Russian bureau of Interpol, General Vladimir Ovchinsky, also described LaRouche as the man who proposed the SDI.<ref>"Will the Third World flare up in 2012?" Template:Webarchive Komsomolskaya PravdaTemplate:SndFebruary 22, 2012</ref>

1984: NBC lawsuit

In January 1984, NBC aired a news segment about LaRouche, and in March a "First Camera" report produced by Pat Lynch. The reports called LaRouche "the leader of a violence-prone, anti-Semitic cult that smeared its opponents and sued its critics", as Lynch wrote in 1985 in the Columbia Journalism Review.Template:Sfn In interviews, former members of the movement gave details about their fundraising practices, and alleged that LaRouche had spoken about assassinating President Jimmy Carter. The reports said an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service would lead to an indictment, and quoted Irwin Suall, the Anti-Defamation League's fact-finding director, who called LaRouche a "small-time Hitler". After the broadcast, LaRouche members picketed NBC's office carrying signs saying "Lynch Pat Lynch," and the NBC switchboard said it received a death threat against her. Another NBC researcher said someone placed fliers around her parents' neighborhood saying she was running a call-girl ring from her parents' home.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Lynch said LaRouche members began to impersonate her and her researchers in telephone calls, and called her "Fat Lynch" in their publications.Template:Sfn

LaRouche filed a defamation suit against NBC and the ADL, arguing that the programs were the result of a deliberate campaign of defamation against him.<ref> LaRouche, Lyndon. "LaRouche testifies on his case" Template:Webarchive, Executive Intelligence Review], undated.

• "Have the mass media brainwashed your neighbor about Lyndon LaRouche?" Template:Webarchive, Executive Intelligence Review, undated.

</ref> The judge ruled that NBC need not reveal its sources, and LaRouche lost the case. NBC won a countersuit, the jury awarding the network $3 million in damages, later reduced to $258,459, for misuse of libel law, in what was called one of the more celebrated countersuits by a libel defendant.<ref> "LaRouche Jury Gives $3 Million to NBC-TV" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, November 2, 1984.

• Mintz, January 15, 1985 Template:Webarchive.
• Associated Press, February 24, 1985 Template:Webarchive.
• Template:Harvnb.

</ref> LaRouche failed to pay the damages, pleading poverty, which the judge described as "completely lacking in credibility."<ref>"Judgment is reduced in LaRouche-NBC Case" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, February 24, 1985.</ref> LaRouche said he had been unaware since 1973 who paid the rent on the estate, or for his food, lodging, clothing, transportation, bodyguards, and lawyers. The judge fined him for failing to answer. After the judge signed an order to allow discovery of LaRouche's personal finances, a cashier's check was delivered to the court to end the case.<ref>"LaRouche to pay $250,000 to NBC" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, September 20, 1986.

• Also see "NBC Gets a $258,459 Check To End LaRouche Court Fight" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, November 16, 1986.</ref> When LaRouche appealed, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, rejecting his arguments, set forth a three-pronged test, later called the "LaRouche test," to decide when anonymous sources must be named in libel cases.<ref>

LaRouche v. National Broadcasting Company Template:Webarchive, 780 F.2d 1134, 1139 (4th Cir. 1986).

• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}, Electronic Frontier Foundation, October 13, 2000, accessed February 9, 2011. </ref>

1985–1986: PANIC, LaRouche's AIDS initiative

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} LaRouche interpreted the AIDS pandemic as fulfillment of his 1973 prediction that an epidemic would strike humanity in the 1980s. According to Christopher Toumey, his subsequent campaign followed a familiar LaRouche pattern: challenging the scientific competence of government experts, and arguing that LaRouche had special scientific insights, and his own scientific associates were more competent than government scientists. LaRouche's view of AIDS agreed with orthodox medicine in that HIV caused AIDS, but differed from it in arguing that HIV spread like the cold virus or malaria, by way of casual contact and insect bitesTemplate:Sndwhich, if true, would make HIV-positive people extremely dangerous. He advocated testing anyone working in schools, restaurants, or healthcare, and quarantining those who tested positive. Some of LaRouche's views on AIDS were developed by John Seale, a British venereological physician who proposed that AIDS was created in a Soviet laboratory. Seale's highly speculative writings were published in three prestigious medical journals, lending these ideas some appearance of being hard science.<ref name="Toumey-1996-pp.87-92"/>

LaRouche and his associates devised a "Biological Strategic Defense Initiative" that would cost $100 billion per annum, which they said would have to be directed by LaRouche. Toumey writes that those opposing the program, such as the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control, were accused of "viciously lying to the world," and of following an agenda of genocide and euthanasia.<ref name=Toumey87>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1986 LaRouche proposed that AIDS be added to California's List of Communicable Diseases. Sponsored by his "Prevent AIDS Now Initiative Committee" (PANIC), Proposition 64Template:Sndor the "LaRouche initiative"Template:Sndqualified for the California ballot in 1986, with the required signature gatherers mostly paid for by LaRouche's Campaigner Publications. Seale, presented as an AIDS expert by PANIC, supported the LaRouche initiative, but disagreed with several of LaRouche's views, including that HIV could be spread by insects, and described the group's political beliefs and conspiracy theories as "rather odd".<ref>Petit, Charles. "Doctor Supports Prop. 64Template:SndSort Of", San Francisco Chronicle, September 30, 1986, pg. 8</ref> According to David Kirp, professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley, the proposal would have required that 300,000 people in the area with HIV or AIDS be reported to public health authorities; might have removed over 100,000 of them from their jobs in schools, restaurants and agriculture; and would have forced 47,000 children to stay away from school.<ref name=Kirp1986>Kirp, David L. "LaRouche Turns To AIDS Politics" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, September 11, 1986.</ref>

The proposal was opposed by leading scientists and local health officials as based on inaccurate scientific information and, as the public health schools put it, running "counter to all public health principles." It was defeated, reintroduced two years later, and defeated again, with two million votes in favor the first time, and 1.7 million the second. AIDS became a leading plank in LaRouche's platform during his 1988 presidential campaign.<ref>Template:Harvnb.

• For criticism from leading scholars, including California schools of public health and Stanford University, see Template:Harvnb.
• For opposition campaigns and number of votes in favor, see Template:Harvnb.
• "LaRouche says he'll be swept into office," The Boston Globe, June 28, 1987.</ref>

1986: Electoral success in Illinois; press conference allegations

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In March 1986, Mark Fairchild and Janice HartTemplate:SndLaRouche National Democratic Policy Committee candidatesTemplate:Sndwon the Democratic primary for statewide offices in Illinois, gaining national attention for LaRouche.<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 2.</ref> The Democratic gubernatorial candidate, Adlai Stevenson III, withdrew his nomination rather than run on the same slate as LaRouche members, and told reporters the party was "exploring every legal remedy to purge these bizarre and dangerous extremists from the Democratic ticket." A spokesman for the Democratic National Committee said it would have to do a better job of communicating to the electorate that LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee was unrelated to the Democratic Party.<ref name=":6">"Win by LaRouche candidate shocks national Democrats" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, March 20, 1986.</ref> The New York Times wrote that Democratic Party officials were trying to identify LaRouche candidates in order to alert voters, and asked the LaRouche organization to release a full list of its candidates.<ref> "Democrats step up LaRouche alert" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, April 26, 1986.

• Also see Moynihan, Daniel Patrick. "The links between LaRouche and New York corruption" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, April 1, 1986.

</ref>

A month later, LaRouche held a press conference to accuse the Soviet government, British government, drug dealers, international bankers, and journalists of being involved in multiple conspiracies. Flanked by bodyguards, he said: "If Abe Lincoln were alive, he'd probably be standing up here with me today," and that there was no criticism of him that did not originate "with the drug lobby or the Soviet operation ..." He said he had been in danger from Soviet assassins for over 13 years, and had to live in safe houses. He refused to answer a question from an NBC reporter, saying "How can I talk with a drug pusher like you?" He called the leadership of the United States "idiotic" and "berserk," and its foreign policy "criminal or insane." He warned of the imminent collapse of the banking system and accused banks of laundering drug money. Asked about the movement's finances, he said "I don't know. ... I'm not responsible, I'm not involved in that."<ref>"LaRouche Calls Critics Insane, Wants Regan Put in Jail" Template:Webarchive, Los Angeles Times, April 10, 1986.

• Also see "LaRouche sees death plot by drug dealers Soviets" Template:Webarchive, Chicago Tribune, April 10, 1986.
• For the variety of conspiracies, see McLaughlin, April 11, 1986 Template:Webarchive.
• For his response about the movement's finances, see Eichel, April 10, 1986 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

1986–1988: Raids and criminal convictions

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In October 1986, hundreds of state and federal officers raided LaRouche offices in Virginia and Massachusetts. A federal grand jury indicted LaRouche and twelve of his associates on credit card fraud and obstruction of justice. The charges stated that they had attempted to defraud people of millions of dollars, including several elderly people, by borrowing money they did not intend to repay. LaRouche disputed the charges, alleging that they were politically motivated.<ref name=LATimes1989>"LaRouche Gets 15 Years for Cheating His Backers, IRS: 6 Aides Also Get Prison Terms, Fines Template:Webarchive," Associated Press, January 27, 1989.

• Mintz, John. "LaRouche Indicted in Conspiracy; Justice Dept. Alleges Va.-Based Extremist Tried to Scuttle Probe" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, July 3, 1987.
• Also see Mintz, John. "Inside the Weird World of Lyndon LaRouche" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, September 20, 1987.
• Template:Harvnb.</ref>

When LaRouche's "heavily fortified"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> estate was surrounded, he at first warned law-enforcement officials not to arrest him, saying that any attempt to do so would be an attempt to kill him. A spokesman would not rule out the use of violence against officials in response. While surrounded, LaRouche sent a telegram to president Ronald Reagan saying that an attempt to arrest him "would be an attempt to kill me. I will not submit passively to such an arrest, ... I will defend myself."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb.

• Frantz, Douglas. "Raid bares LaRouche dark world" Template:Webarchive, Chicago Tribune, October 12, 1986.
• "LaRouche Groups' Bank Assets Frozen in Fraud Scheme" Template:Webarchive, Los Angeles Times, October 19, 1986.
• "Guardians Named for Woman Over $850,000 LaRouche Gift" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, October 30, 1986.
• "Screening of Jurors Begins in LaRouche Trial" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, September 22, 1987.
• For the charges of defrauding, see Murphy, Caryle. "LaRouche Convicted of Mail Fraud; 6 Associates of Extremist Also Found Guilty in Loan Solicitations" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, December 17, 1988.
• Howard, Alison. "Elderly Seek Refunds From LaRouche" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, May 23, 1990.</ref>

In 1987, a number of LaRouche entities, including the Fusion Energy Foundation, were taken over through an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding. The government's use of a sealed order in this proceeding was regarded as a rare legal maneuver.<ref>"U.S. Agents Take Over 3 LaRouche Companies" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, April 21, 1987.</ref>

On December 16, 1988, LaRouche was convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud involving more than $30 million in defaulted loans; eleven counts of actual mail fraud involving $294,000 in defaulted loans; and a single count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.Template:Citation needed He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison, but was released on parole after serving five years on January 26, 1994.<ref name="NYTDeath" />

Thirteen associates were sentenced to prison terms ranging from one month to 77 years for mail fraud and conspiracy.<ref name=LATimes1989/>

The trial judge called LaRouche's claim of a political vendetta "arrant nonsense", and said "the idea that this organization is a sufficient threat to anything that would warrant the government bringing a prosecution to silence them just defies human experience."<ref> "LaRouche Convicted of Mail Fraud; 6 Associates of Extremist Also Found Guilty in Loan Solicitations" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, December 17, 1988.

• "LaRouche Appeal Is Rebuffed by Supreme Court" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, July 4, 1989.
• For LaRouche's sentencing, see "LaRouche receives 15-year sentence" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, January 28, 1989.

</ref>

Defense lawyers filed unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants, and various trial procedures. At least ten appeals were heard by the United States Court of Appeals, and three were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court.Template:Citation needed

Former Attorney General Ramsey Clark joined the defense team for two appeals, writing that the case involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge."<ref name="Clark 1995">Template:Harvnb</ref>

In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche says the raid on his operation was the work of Raisa Gorbachev.<ref>The Power of Reason: 1988, an autobiography by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., 1987, Executive Intelligence Review, Designed by World Composition Services, Template:ISBN, p. 309</ref> In an interview that same year, he said that the Soviet Union opposed him, because he had invented the Strategic Defense Initiative. "The Soviet government hated me for it. Gorbachev also hated my guts and called for my assassination and imprisonment and so forth." He asserted that he had survived these threats, because he had been protected by unnamed U.S. government officials. "Even when they don't like me, they consider me a national asset, and they don't like to have their national assets killed."<ref>"Outsider making his 8th White House bid / LaRouche says he'd fix economy", Rachel Gravges, Houston Chronicle, March 6, 2004</ref>

LaRouche received 25,562 votes in the 1988 presidential election.<ref>"American presidential election, 1988" Template:Webarchive, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref>

1989: Musical interests and Verdi tuning initiative

LaRouche had an interest in classical music up to the period of Brahms. A motto of LaRouche's European Workers' Party is "Think like Beethoven"; movement offices typically include a piano and posters of German composers, and members are known for their choral singing at protest events and for using satirical lyrics tailored to their targets.<ref> For LaRouche's interests, see LaRouche, Lyndon. "Correspondence: Classical Composition," The New Republic, December 26, 1988.

• For the movement's interests, see Roderick. Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986.
• For "Think like Beethoven," see Smith, Susan, J. "Bonn exhibit depicts Germany's Beethoven cult" Template:Webarchive, Associated Press, September 29, 1986.
• For singing at events, see Fitzgerald, Michael. "Plenty of weirdness in 2007," The Record, Stockton, CA, January 2, 2008.
• For an example of a LaRouche choir singing at a protest, see Milbank, Dana. "Where Does the Bean Soup Fit In?" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, April 27, 2005.
• Roddy, Dennis. "LaRouchies, Anarchists doth protest, but not too much," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 30, 2004.
• Yamamura, Kevin. "Governor begins Mexico visit with praise for Dems," Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, November 10, 2006.
• Roderick, Kevin. "Raid Stirs Reports of LaRouche's Dark Side," Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1986.

</ref> LaRouche abhorred popular music; he said in 1980, "Rock was not an accidental thing. This was done by people who set out in a deliberate way to subvert the United States. It was done by British intelligence," and wrote that the Beatles were "a product shaped according to British Psychological Warfare Division specifications."<ref> For rock, see Hume, Ellen. "LaRouche Trying to Lose Splinter Label," Template:Webarchive Los Angeles Times, February 16, 1980, pp. 20–21.

• For the Beatles, see Pearlman, September 23, 2003 Template:Webarchive.

</ref>

LaRouche movement members have protested at performances of Richard Wagner's operas, denouncing Wagner as an anti-Semite who found favor with the Nazis, and called a conductor "satanic" because he played contemporary music.<ref> Template:Cite news

• Also see Template:Cite news

</ref>

In 1989, LaRouche advocated that classical orchestras should use a concert pitch based on A above middle C (A₄) tuned to 432 Hz, which the Schiller Institute called the "Verdi pitch", a pitch that Verdi had suggested as optimal, though he also composed and conducted in other pitches such as the French official diapason normal of 435 Hz, including his Requiem in 1874.<ref name=Rosen>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Schiller Institute initiative attracted support from more than 300 opera stars, including Joan Sutherland, Plácido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti, who according to Opera Fanatic may not have been aware of LaRouche's politics. A spokesman for Domingo said Domingo had simply signed a questionnaire, had not been aware of its origins, and would not agree with LaRouche's politics. Renata Tebaldi and Piero Cappuccilli, who were running for the European Parliament on LaRouche's "Patriots for Italy" platform, attended Schiller Institute conferences as featured speakers. The discussions led to debates in the Italian parliament about reinstating "Verdi" legislation. LaRouche gave an interview to National Public Radio on the initiative from prison. The initiative was opposed by the editor of Opera Fanatic, Stefan Zucker, who objected to the establishment of a "pitch police," and argued that LaRouche was using the issue to gain credibility.<ref>"Shall Lyndon LaRouche call the tuning pitch?"Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore, Richmond Times Dispatch, September 16, 1989.

• "Eavesdropping" Template:Webarchive, The Hour, May 2, 1989.
• Lyndon LaRouche's Pitch Battle; At Lisner, a Concert With A Verdi Special Difference, The Washington Post, May 27, 1989.
• Orchestras' pitches have risen since the 18th century, because a higher pitch produces a more brilliant orchestral sound, while imposing an additional strain on singers' voices when singing the highest notes, though it made the lower notes easier. Giuseppe Verdi pushed through legislation in Italy to fix 432 Hz as the reference pitch for A, though such legislation did not stop orchestras from using other pitches. In 1938, the international standard was raised to 440 Hz, with some major orchestras tuning as high as 450 Hz in recent times. For some background, see Abdella, Fred T. "As Pitch in Opera Rises, So Does Debate" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, August 13, 1989.</ref>

1990s

Imprisonment, release on parole, attempts at exoneration, visits to Russia

LaRouche began his sentence in 1989, serving it at the Federal Medical Center in Rochester, Minnesota. From there he ran for Congress in 1990, seeking to represent the 10th District of Virginia, but he received less than one percent of the vote. He ran for president again in 1992 with James Bevel as his running mate, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the Franklin child prostitution ring allegations. It was only the second-ever campaign for president from prison.<ref>Template:Harvnb.

• Also see Howe, Robert F. "LaRouche Announces Race for House From Jail Cell" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, June 23, 1989.
• For it being the second campaign from jail, see Morrison, Pat. "Felons Make Lineup for State's Presidential Primary" Template:Webarchive, Los Angeles Times, January 5, 2004. The first to stand from jail was perennial Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs in 1920.</ref> He received 26,334 votes, standing again as the "Economic Recovery" party.<ref>"American presidential election, 1992" Template:Webarchive, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> For a time he shared a cell with televangelist Jim Bakker. Bakker later wrote of his astonishment at LaRouche's detailed knowledge of the Bible. According to Bakker, LaRouche received a daily intelligence report by mail, and at times had information about news events days before they happened. Bakker also wrote that LaRouche believed their cell was bugged. In Bakker's view, "to say LaRouche was a little paranoid would be like saying that the Titanic had a little leak."<ref>Template:Harvnb, p. 2.
• Also see Template:Harvnb, pp. 250–251.</ref>

Viktor Kuzin, a member of the Moscow City Council and a founder of the Democratic Union in Russia,<ref>McFaul, Michael and Markov, Sergei, The Troubled Birth of Russian Democracy: Parties, Personalities, and Programs [2] Template:Webarchive Hoover Press, 1993</ref> travelled to Minnesota in 1993 to meet LaRouche in prison, and afterwards participated in international campaigns to exonerate LaRouche.<ref>Mitrofanov, Sergei, Линдон Ларуш против мирового порядка ("Lyndon LaRouche against the world order"), Russian Journal, March 31, 1999 Template:Webarchive</ref> An advertisement calling for exoneration was published in several U.S. newspapers, signed by Kuzin, Civil Rights attorney J. L. Chestnut, former Ugandan president Godfrey Binaisa, and others.<ref>Alabama Times Daily,[3] Template:Webarchive September 28, 1994</ref> Chestnut was interviewed in the Tuscaloosa News saying that when he met LaRouche, "I told him that he might as well be black and in Alabama."<ref>Reeves, Jay, LaRouche Contact Shocks Judge England Template:Webarchive, The Tuscaloosa News, September 30, 1994</ref>

The exoneration campaigns garnered the support of a number of State Representatives and State Senators in the U.S., as well as a former justice of the Washington State Supreme Court.<ref>Miller, Dean, State senators sign petition to clear LaRouche, Document demands exoneration of fraud conviction, The Spokesman-Review, August 21,</ref><ref>Pittmen, David, Four lawmakers seek `exoneration' of Lyndon LaRouche Template:Webarchive, Tucson Citizen, June 20, 1995</ref>

LaRouche was released on parole in January 1994, and returned to Loudoun County. The Washington Post wrote that he would be supervised by parole and probation officers until January 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Also in 1994, his followers joined members of the Nation of Islam to blame the Anti-Defamation League for what they alleged were crimes and conspiracies against African Americans, reportedly one of several such meetings since 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark wrote a letter in 1995 to then-Attorney General Janet Reno in which he said that the case against LaRouche involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge". He asserted that, "The government, ex parte, sought and received an order effectively closing the doors of these publishing businesses, all of which were involved in First Amendment activities, effectively preventing the further repayment of their debts." He called the convictions "a tragic miscarriage of justice which at this time can only be corrected by an objective review and courageous action by the Department of Justice".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The LaRouche movement organized two panels to review the cases: the Curtis Clark Commission,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Mann-Chestnut hearings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Beginning in 1994, LaRouche made numerous visits to Russia, participating in conferences of the Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the RAS Institute of the Far East, and other places. He addressed seminars at the RAS Institute of Economics, the RAS Institute of Oriental Studies. He spoke at hearings in the State Duma of the Russian Federation on measures to ensure the development of the Russian economy at the point of destabilization of the world financial system.Template:Clarify Two of his books were translated into Russian.<ref name="zavtra.ru">A Word About LaRoucheTemplate:SndOn the 90th birthday of the famous American non-conformist Template:Webarchive, editorial in Zavtra ("Tomorrow,") September 5, 2012 -translation into English available here Template:Webarchive, accessed September 21, 2012</ref>

On September 18, 1996, a full-page advertisement appeared in the New Federalist, a LaRouche publication, as well as The Washington Post and Roll Call. Entitled "Officials Call for LaRouche's Exoneration", its signatories included Arturo Frondizi, former president of Argentina; figures from the 1960s American civil rights movement such as Rosa Parks, Amelia Boynton Robinson (a leader of the Larouche-affiliated Schiller Institute), and James Bevel (a Larouche movement participant); former Minnesota Senator and Democratic presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy; Mervyn Dymally, who chaired the Congressional Black Caucus; and artists such as classical vocalist William Warfield and violinist Norbert Brainin, former 1st Violin of the Amadeus Quartet.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} LaRouche's Schiller Institute paid for the advertisement. Amelia Boynton Robinson was at that time a board member of the Institute. James Bevel and William Warfield had been active in various LaRouche organizations.</ref>Template:Third-party source-inline

In 1996, LaRouche was invited to speak at a convention organized by the Nation of Islam's Louis Farrakhan and Ben Chavis, then of the National African American Leadership Summit. As soon as he began speaking, he was booed off the stage.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

In the 1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he received enough votes in Louisiana and Virginia to get one delegate from each state, but before the primaries began, the Democratic National Committee chair, Donald Fowler, ruled that LaRouche was not a "bona fide Democrat" because of his "expressed political beliefs ... which are explicitly racist and anti-Semitic," and because of his "past activities, including exploitation of and defrauding contributors and voters." Fowler instructed state parties to disregard votes for LaRouche.<ref> Template:Harvnb.

• LaRouche sued in federal court, claiming a violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. After losing in the district court, the case was appealed to the First District Court of Appeals, which upheld the lower court's decision. See LaRouche v. Fowler Template:Webarchive, August 28, 1998.

</ref>

LaRouche opposed attempts to impeach President Bill Clinton, charging it was a plot by the British Intelligence to destabilize the U.S. government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>"Why The British Kill American Presidents", Template:Webarchive The New Federalist (December 1994)</ref> In 1996 he called for the impeachment of Pennsylvania governor Tom Ridge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Efforts to clear LaRouche's name continued, including in Australia, where the Parliament acknowledged receipt of 1,606 petition signatures in 1998.<ref>Records of Australian Parliament Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore, June 29, 1998</ref>

In 1999, China's press agency, the Xinhua News Agency, reported that LaRouche had criticized the Cox Report, a congressional investigation that accused the Chinese of stealing U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, calling it a "scientifically illiterate hoax."<ref>"U.S. Scholars Refute Cox Report"Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore, Xinhua News Agency, June 4, 1999.</ref> On October 13, 1999, during a press conference to announce his plans to run for president, he predicted the collapse of the world's financial system, saying, "There's nothing like it in this century. ... it is systematic and therefore inevitable." He said the U.S. and other nations had built the "biggest financial bubble in all history," which was close to bankruptcy.<ref>"LaRouche Vows to Change U.S. Politics if Elected President," Xinhua News Agency, October 25, 1999.</ref>

2000s

2000–2003: Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement, September 11 attacks, presidential run

File:LaRouche supporters.jpg

LaRouche supporters in Chicago, 2007

LaRouche founded the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement (WLYM) in 2000, saying in 2004 that it had hundreds of members in the U.S. and a lesser number overseas. During the Democratic primaries in June 2000, he received 53,280 votes, or 22% of the total, in Arkansas.<ref>For the founding of WYLM and the membership figures, see Template:Harvnb, p. 2, and Template:Harvnb.

• For the Democratic primaries figures, see "Is Lyndon a Democrat?" Template:Webarchive, The Economist, June 22, 2000.</ref> Despite finishing above the 15% threshold needed to obtain delegates, LaRouche was denied any delegates and was barred from attending the 2000 Democratic National Convention.<ref name=":9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2002, LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review argued that the September 11 attacks in 2001 had been an "inside job" and "attempted coup d'etat", and that Iran was the first country to question it. The article received wide coverage in Iran, and was cited by senior Iranian government officials, including Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hassan Rouhani. Mahmoud Alinejad wrote that, in a subsequent telephone interview with the Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran, LaRouche said the attacks had been organized by rogue elements inside the U.S., aiming to use the incident to promote a war against Islam, and that Israel was a dictatorial regime prepared to commit Nazi-style crimes against the Palestinians.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

In 2003, LaRouche was living in a "heavily guarded" rented house in Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia.<ref>No JokeTemplate:SndThe Washington Post Template:Webarchive Retrieved May 7, 2018.</ref>

LaRouche again entered the primary elections for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2004, setting a record for the number of consecutive presidential campaigns; Democratic Party officials did not allow him to participate in candidate forum debates. He did not run in 2008.<ref>Roberts, May 2, 2003 Template:Webarchive.

• That he did not run in 2008, see Klein, November 2007 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

As during the preceding decade, LaRouche and his followers denied that human civilization had harmed the environment through DDT, chlorofluorocarbons, or carbon dioxide. According to Chip Berlet, "Pro-LaRouche publications have been at the forefront of denying the reality of global warming".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2003–2012: Overseas press coverage, financial crisis

File:Lyndon LaRouche.jpg

LaRouche circa 2006.

Iqbal Qazwini wrote in the Arabic-language daily Asharq Al-Awsat in 2003 that LaRouche was one of the first to predict the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1988 and German reunification. He said LaRouche had urged the West to pursue a policy of economic cooperation similar to the Marshall Plan for the advancement of the economy of the socialist countries. According to Qazwini, recent years have seen a proliferation of LaRouche's ideas in China and South Asia. Qazwini referred to him as the spiritual father of the revival of the new Silk Road or Eurasian Landbridge, which aims to link the continents through a network of ground transportation.<ref>Qazwini, Iqbal. "Major International Crises Need a Giant Project to Overcome Them" Template:Webarchive, Asharq Al-Awsat, January 23, 2003.</ref>

In 2005, the People's Daily of China covered LaRouche's economic forecasts and published an eight-part interview with him; the interviewer wrote that LaRouche was "quite famous in mainland China today".<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Tang Yong, People's Daily, U.S. Treasury and American experts: to force the appreciation of the renminbi is a mistake Template:Webarchive, April 13, 2005.</ref>

In 2007, LaRouche began a national lobbying campaign to restore the Glass-Steagall Act, saying that it would be possible to save the U.S. banking system by reorganizing it under bankruptcy protection.<ref>*Lindo, Bill, Behind the scenes in the Obama administration Template:Webarchive, Amandala Online, March 31, 2009

• Paine, Laura, Frank meets LaRouche candidate Brown in only primary debate Template:Webarchive, Patriot-Ledger, February 8, 2010</ref> Also in 2007, he proposed a "Homeowners and Bank Protection Act". This called for the establishment of a federal agency that would "place federal- and state-chartered banks under protection, freeze all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjust mortgage values to fair prices, restructure existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates, and write off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities". The bill envisioned a foreclosure moratorium, allowing homeowners to make the equivalent of rental payments for an interim period, and an end to bank bailouts, forcing banks to reorganize under bankruptcy laws.<ref>"Former candidate returns to Illinois" Template:Webarchive, saukvalley.com, November 2, 2007.</ref> In spring 2007 he was an honorary foreign guest at a ceremony in honor of the 80th birthday of Stanislav Menshikov at the Russian Academy of Sciences.<ref name="zavtra.ru" />

2009: U.S. health care reform

File:Obama Hitler political sign.jpg

LaRouche poster of Barack Obama with a 'Hitler mustache'

During the discussion of U.S. health care reform in 2009, LaRouche advocated a single-payer health care bill and took exception to what he described as President Barack Obama's proposal that "independent boards of doctors and health care experts [should] make the life-and-death decisions of what care to provide, and what not, based on cost-effectiveness criteria." LaRouche said the proposed boards would amount to the same thing as the Nazis' Action T4 euthanasia program. A press release from his political action committee asserted: "Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouchePAC are the source of the campaign to expose the Obama ‘health care’ policy as modeled on that of Hitler in 1939."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Images at tables of volunteers compared Obama to Adolf Hitler, and at least one had a picture of Obama with a Hitler-style mustache. In Seattle, police were called twice in response to people threatening to attack the volunteers. During one widely reported public meeting, Congressman Barney Frank called the images "vile, contemptible nonsense."<ref>Overley, Jeff. "LaRouche activists press message; Demonstrators battle health care overhaul by likening ideas to Hitler's policies", Orange County Register, August 23, 2009.</ref><ref>For the pamphlets and posters, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For the police being called, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For Barney Frank, see CNN, August 19, 2009 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

Ideology and beliefs

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

University of Notre Dame political philosophers Catherine Zuckert and Michael Zuckert write of LaRouche that "[I]t must be nearly unique in American politics that a presidential candidate ... makes the interpretation of Plato a major issue in his campaign."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

According to George Johnson, LaRouche saw history as a battle between Platonists, who believe in absolute truth, and Aristotelians, who rely on empirical data. Johnson characterizes LaRouche's views as follows: the Platonists include figures such as Beethoven, Mozart, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, and Leibniz. LaRouche believed that many of the world's ills result from the dominance of Aristotelianism as embraced by the empirical philosophers (such as Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume), leading to a culture that favors the empirical over the metaphysical, embraces moral relativism, and seeks to keep the general population uninformed. Industry, technology, and classical music should be used to enlighten the world, LaRouche argued, whereas the Aristotelians use psychotherapy, drugs, rock music, jazz, environmentalism, and quantum theory to bring about a new Dark Age in which the world will be ruled by oligarchs. Left and right are false distinctions for LaRouche; what matters is the Platonic versus Aristotelian outlook, a position that has led him to form relationships with groups as disparate as farmers, nuclear engineers, Black Muslims, Teamsters, and anti-abortion advocates.Template:Fact

In Architects of Fear (1983), Johnson compares LaRouche's view to an Illuminati conspiracy theory; Johnson writes that after he wrote about LaRouche in The Minneapolis Star, LaRouche's followers denounced him as part of a conspiracy of elitists that began in ancient Egypt.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>For LaRouche on his philosophy, see Template:Cite magazine</ref> But according to LaRouche, Aristotelians are not necessarily in communication or coordination with one another: "From their standpoint, [they] are proceeding by instinct," LaRouche said. "If you're asking how their policy is developedTemplate:Sndif there is an inside group sitting down and making plansTemplate:Sndno, it doesn't work that way ... History doesn't function quite that consciously."Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>For the empiricists, see also Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>For the list of friends and foes, see Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>For LaRouche's comment about the conspirators not needing to be in touch with each other, see Template:Harvnb.</ref>

In 2011, Stephen E. Adkins's Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History called LaRouche "the leading neo-fascist politician in the United States".Template:Sfn

Controversy

LaRouche was described as having "fascistic tendencies", taking positions on the far right (despite his self-identification with the left and some left-wing policies), and creating disinformation.<ref>For Rosenfeld in The Washington Post, see Rosenfeld, September 24, 1976 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

Designation as a conspiracy theorist

LaRouche was commonly regarded as a conspiracy theorist: for example, in his Fox News obituary.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> An article in the Southern Poverty Law Center<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> website names him as "a fringe ideologue and conspiracy theorist whom Chip Berlet, senior analyst at Political Research Associates and an expert on the radical right calls "the man who brought us fascism wrapped in an American flag". An NPR obituary is titled Conspiracy Theorist And Frequent Presidential Candidate Lyndon LaRouche Dies At 96.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Washington Post obituary reports he was "often described as an extremist crank and fringe figure" and that he "built a worldwide following based on conspiracy theories, economic doom, anti-Semitism, homophobia and racism".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Allegations of antisemitism

Beginning in the mid-1970s, allegations began to appear saying that LaRouche had fascist and antisemitic tendencies.<ref> For example, see Template:Harvnb; Template:Harvnb; Template:Harvnb; Template:Harvnb, p. 144; and Template:Harvnb.

• Also see Chavis, Benjamin F. "LaRouche Invades Black Community" Template:Webarchive, Washington Afro-American, August 12, 1986.

</ref>

In 1977, LaRouche married his second wife, Helga Zepp-LaRouche, a German 27 years younger than he. Her 1984 book, The Hitler Book, argues that "We need a movement that can finally free Germany from the control of the Versailles and Yalta treaties, thanks to which we have staggered from one catastrophe to another for an entire century."<ref>In German: "Wir brauchen eine Bewegung, die Deutschland endlich aus der Kontrolle der Kräfte von Versailles und Jalta befreit, die uns schon ein ganzes Jahrhundert lang von einer Katastrophe in die andere stürzt."</ref> Helga founded the Schiller Institute, which has been described as promoting antisemitic conspiracy theories by the Berliner Zeitung and Political Research Associates, a nonprofit research group that studies right-wing, white supremacist, and militia groups.<ref>Template:Cite news Article title in English is "Death on the Streets".</ref><ref name=Newsnight>Samuels, Tim. "Jeremiah Duggan's death and Lyndon LaRouche," Newsnight, February 12, 2004.</ref>

LaRouche said he was anti-Zionist, not antisemitic.<ref name=Montgomery1979>Template:Harvnb.</ref> When the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) accused LaRouche of antisemitism in 1979, he filed a $26-million libel suit; the case failed when Justice Michael Dontzin of the New York Supreme Court ruled that it was fair comment and that the facts "reasonably give rise" to that description.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>Also see Binder, Sarah. "Commonwealth candidates cause concern" Template:Webarchive, The Canadian Press, September 1, 1984.</ref> LaRouche started a campaign against the ADL and set up a group called "The Provisional Committee to Clean Up B'nai Brith".Template:Citation needed

LaRouche said in 1986 that descriptions of him as a neo-fascist or anti-Semite stemmed from "the drug lobby or the Soviet operationTemplate:Sndwhich is sometimes the same thing",<ref>For the drug lobby quote, see McLaughlin, April 11, 1986 Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Also see "LaRouche alleges conspiracy from Moscow to White House", Associated Press, April 19, 1986.</ref> and in 2006 wrote that "religious and racial hatred, such as antisemitism, or hatred against Islam, or, hatred of Christians, is, on record of known history, the most evil expression of criminality to be seen on the planet today."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}.</ref> Antony Lerman wrote in 1988 that LaRouche used "the British" as a code word for "Jews",<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> a theory also propounded by Dennis King, author of Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism (1989). George Johnson argued that King's presentation failed to take into account that several members of LaRouche's inner circle were Jewish.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> Daniel Pipes wrote in 1997 that LaRouche's references to the British really were to the British, though he agreed that an alleged British–Jewish alliance lay at the heart of LaRouche's conspiracism.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

As of 2016, the Jewish Virtual Library states that "The international organization run by Lyndon LaRouche is a major source of such masked antisemitic theories globally. In the U.S. the LaRouchites spread these conspiracy theories in an alliance with aides to Minister Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam. A series of LaRouchite pamphlets calls the neoconservative movement the 'Children of Satan', which links Jewish neo-conservatives to the historic rhetoric of the blood libel."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Allegations of racism

Manning Marable of Columbia University wrote in 1998 that LaRouche tried in the mid-1980s to build bridges to the black community. Marable argued that most of the community was not fooled and quoted the A. Philip Randolph Institute, an organization for African American trade unionists, declaring that "LaRouche appeals to fear, hatred and ignorance. He seeks to exploit and exacerbate the anxieties and frustrations of Americans by offering an array of scapegoats and enemies: Jews, Zionists, international bankers, blacks, labor unionsTemplate:Sndmuch the way Hitler did in Germany."<ref name="Manning 1998">Template:Harvnb.</ref> During LaRouche's slander suit against NBC in 1984, Roy Innis, leader of the Congress of Racial Equality, took the stand for LaRouche as a character witness, stating under oath that LaRouche's views on racism were "consistent with his own." Asked whether he had seen any indication of racism in LaRouche's associates, he replied that he had not.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>

Disputed record as economist and forecaster

LaRouche material frequently acclaims him as the world's greatest economist and the world's most successful forecaster. For example, his book title The Economics of the Noösphere: Why Lyndon LaRouche Is the World's Most Successful Economic Forecaster of the Past Four Decades.<ref>The book has the puff: "American Economist Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., has been right in his long-range economic and related forecastsTemplate:Sndin contrast to virtually all other economists and political leaders, who have been simply wrong." Template:Cite book</ref> However, a website of disgruntled ex-movement leaders lists incorrect predictions of sudden world economic collapse, war or depression in 1956, 1961–1970, 1972, 1975–1992,<ref>Black Monday of 1987 occurred, however LaRouche's actual statements in advance were to refer lukewarmly to predictions made by unnamed "leading European financial officials" {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 1994–2011.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Apart from the numerous failed predictions are claimed some successful predictions or proposals: the eventual reunification of Germany,<ref name="auto"/> the Star Wars initiative, the New Silk Road<ref name="auto"/> (claimed as a precursor to the Chinese One Belt One Road initiative.)Template:Third-party inline

Movement

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Estimates of the size of LaRouche's movement have varied over the years; most say there is a core membership of 500 to 2,000. The estimated 600 members in 1978 paid monthly dues of $24. Johnson wrote in 1983 that both the Fusion Energy Foundation and the National Democratic Policy Committee had attracted some 20,000 members, as well as 300,000 magazine subscribers.<ref>In 1974 Larouche said the NCLC had 1,000 members and his other organizations 1,000 to 2,000; see Valentine, Paul W. (February 25, 1974), "NCLC Fights a Psychic War Against CIA and Left Rivals", The Capital Times (Madison, Wis.): pp. 22–23.</ref><ref>For 20,000 members in the Fusion Energy Foundation and National Democratic Policy Committee, and 300,000 magazine subscribers, see Template:Harvnb.</ref><ref>In 1987 John Mintz of the Washington Post wrote that there more than 500 members worldwide; see Mintz, September 20, 1987.</ref><ref>In 2004 The Washington Post estimated that the LaRouche Youth Movement had hundreds of members in the U.S. and more abroad; see Template:Harvnb.</ref>

According to Christopher Toumey, LaRouche's charismatic authority within the movement was grounded on members' belief that he possessed a unique level of insight and expertise. He identified an emotionally charged issue, conducted in-depth research into it, and then proposed a simplistic solution, which usually involved restructuring of the economy or national security apparatus. He and the membership portrayed anyone opposing him as immoral and part of the conspiracy.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Mintz, September 20, 1987; see above.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Description as a cult

The LaRouche movement has been described as a cult or cult-like by critics and anti-cult organizations.<ref>The LaRouche movement was treated in a series on cults in the Washington Post in 1985, in company with for example the Rajneesh movement (Orange People)Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":3">"One of America’s contributions to the 20th-century’s rich legacy of dangerous political cult leaders" {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>"But in Germany, they are seen as a political cultTemplate:Sndand a potentially dangerous one" {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A 1987 article by John Mintz in The Washington Post reported that members of the LaRouche movement lived hand-to-mouth in crowded apartments, with their basic needs paid for by the movement. They worked raising money or selling newspapers for LaRouche, doing research for him, or singing in a group choir, spending almost every waking hour together.<ref name=MintzSep201987>Mintz, September 20, 1987 Template:Webarchive.</ref>

The group is known for its caustic attacks on opponents and former members. It has justified what it calls "psywar techniques" as necessary to shake people up; Johnson in 1983 quoted a LaRouche associate: "We're not very nice, so we're hated. Why be nice? It's a cruel world. We're in a war and the human race is up for grabs".<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref> Charles Tate, a former LaRouche associate, told The Washington Post in 1987 that members see themselves as exempt from the ordinary laws of society: "They feel that the continued existence of the human race is totally dependent on what they do in the organization, that nobody would be here without LaRouche. They feel justified in a peculiar way doing anything whatsoever."<ref name=MintzSep201987/>

Death

LaRouche's death was announced on the website of one of his organizations. He died on February 12, 2019, at age 96. Neither the place nor cause of his death was specified.<ref name="NYTDeath"/>

Publications

• The Third Stage of Imperialism (as Lyn Marcus). New York: West Village Committee for Independent Political Action (1967). archive
• Mass Action, with Tony Papert. Ann Arbor, Michigan: SDS Regional Labor Committee (1968).
• The Philosophy of Socialist Education. New York: National Caucus of Labor Committees (1969).
• Centrism as a Social Phenomenon: How Not to Build a Revolutionary Party (as Lyn Marcus), with Uwe Henke von Parpart. New York: National Caucus of SDS Labor Committees (1970).
• Education, Science and Politics. New York: National Caucus of Labor Committees (1972).
• The Question of Stalinism Today. New York: Campaigner Publications (1975). The Campaigner, vol. 8, no. 9 (Nov. 1975). Full issue.
• How the International Development Bank Will Work. New York: Campaigner Publications (1975).
• A Presidential Campaign White Paper on Agricultural Production. New York: New Solidarity International Press Service (1975).
• The Rothschilds, from Pitt to Rockefeller (1976). Template:OCLC.
• Dialectical Economics An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy. New York: Heath (1975). Template:ISBN. archive
• The Case of Walter Lippmann: A Presidential Strategy. New York: Campaigner Publications (1977). Template:ISBN. archive
• How to Defeat Liberalism and William F. Buckley: 1980 Campaign Policy. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). Template:ISBN. archive
• The Power of Reason: A Kind of Autobiography. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). Template:ISBN. archive
• Will the Soviets Rule During the 1980s? New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1979). Template:ISBN. archived
• Basic Economics for Conservative Democrats. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). Template:ISBN.
• What Every Conservative Should Know About Communism. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). Template:ISBN. archive
• Why Revival of "SALT" Won't Stop War. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). Template:ISBN. archive
• The Ugly Truth About Milton Friedman, with David P. Goldman. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1980). Template:ISBN. archive
• Operation Juárez: Mexico/Ibero-America Policy Study. New York: Executive Intelligence Review (1982).
• There Are No Limits to Growth. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1983). Template:ISBN.
• So, You Wish to Learn All About Economics? A Text on Elementary Mathematical Economics. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1984). Template:ISBN. archive
• Imperialism: The Final Stage of Bolshevism. New York: New Benjamin Franklin House (1984). Template:ISBN. archive
• The Power of Reason, 1988: An Autobiography. Washington, D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review (1987). Template:ISBN.
• In Defense of Common Sense. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute (1989). Template:ISBN.
• The Science of Christian Economy. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute (1991). Template:ISBN.
• Cold Fusion: A Challenge to U.S. Science Policy, with Paul Gallager. Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute (1992). Template:ISBN.
• Now, Are You Ready to Learn About Economics? Washington, D.C.: EIR News Service (2000). Template:ISBN.
• The Economics of the Nöosphere. Washington, D.C.: EIR News Service (2001). Template:ISBN.

References

Works cited

Books or chapters about LaRouche

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Books (general)

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News articles

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Journal and other papers, records

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LaRouche publications

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Further reading

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External links

• The LaRouche Organization website
• Lyndon LaRouche Political Action Committee website
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