Ma Zhiyuan
Template:Short description Template:Family name hatnote Template:Chinese
Ma Zhiyuan (Template:Zh, Template:Circa 1250–1321), courtesy name Dongli (Template:Zh), Chinese dramatist, playwright, and poet during the Yuan dynasty.<ref name="CiHai">Cihai: Page 1132-1133.</ref>
Among his achievements is the development and popularizing of the sanqu ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) lyric type of Classical Chinese poetry forms. The poem "Autumn Thoughts" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) is the most widely known of his sanqu poems.<ref name="CiHai"/>
His sanqu poems were collected in the book "Dongli Yuefu" (Template:Zh), where there were 104 single sanqu (Xiaoling 小令) and 17 song suites (Taoshu 套數).
WorksEdit
PoemsEdit
Ma Zhiyuan's sanqu poem "Autumn Thoughts" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), composed to the metric pattern Tianjingsha ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), uses ten images in twenty-two monosyllables to preamble a state of emotion, and is considered as the penultimateTemplate:Citation needed piece in Chinese poetry to convey the typical Chinese male literati's melancholy during late autumn:
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Autumn Thoughts
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Over old trees wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.
- {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Westward declines the sun; Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.
PlaysEdit
Only seven of his 15 plays are extant, of which four have been translated into English:<ref name="CiHai"/>
- Autumn in Han Palace, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Full title: Breaking a Troubling Dream: A Lone Goose in Autumn over the Palaces of Han, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). This play tells the story of Han Emperor Yuandi and Wang Zhaojun, and is considered the best example of Yuan theatre.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- The Yellow-Millet Dream, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Full title: On the Road to Handan, Awakening from a Dream Dreamt While Cooking Millet, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
- Yueyang Tower, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Full title: Lü Dongbin Gets Drunk Three Times in Yueyang Tower, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
- Tears on the Blue Gown, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Full title: The Overseer of Jiangzhou: Tears on the Blue Gown, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
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See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. Ci hai ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), 1979.