Marijampolė
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Marijampolė (Template:Pronunciation; also known by several other names) is the capital of Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The city's population stood at approximately 48,700 in 2003. Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania and the sixteenth-largest city in the Baltic States. It is the cultural centre and largest settlement of the historical region of Suvalkija (Sudovia).
Marijampolė has been a regional center since 1994. The city covers an area equal to Template:Convert. The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts, which are connected by six bridges.
The city is known for the international art and architecture symposium Malonny, an event which focuses on street art, murals, and public installations, transforming Marijampolė's urban spaces into an open-air art gallery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
NamesEdit
The city has also been known as: מאַריאַמפּאָל (Yiddish); Marijampolis, Mariampol; Starapole; Pašešupiai; Marjampol; Mariyampole; and Kapsukas (1955–1989).
HistoryEdit
The settlement was founded as a village called "Pašešupė", after the nearby river of Šešupė. As such, the town was first mentioned in 1667. In the 18th century, the village, at that time belonging to the Catholic Church, grew to become a market town and its name was changed to Starpol or "Staropole", after a new village built for Prienai starost's guards in the vicinity in 1739.<ref name="SGKP">Template:Cite book</ref> The settlement was destroyed by a fire in 1765.
After the disaster, Franciska Butler (née Ščiuka), the wife of the contemporary starosta of Prienai, <ref name="Marijampolės bazilika">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> financed a new church and a monastery for the Congregation of Marian Fathers.<ref name="SGKP"/> Following the foundation of the monastery, a new town was built in the area. It was named "Maryampol", after the Blessed Virgin Mary (Marya-), with the Greek suffix -pol denoting a town.<ref>Cognate with the Greek suffix -polis. The modern Lithuanian name of the town also follows the same etymology. There are at least ten settlements of the same name in modern Poland, Ukraine and Belarus, all sharing a similar etymology.</ref>
On 23 February 1792, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stanisław II Augustus granted the "townlet of Mariampol" with Magdeburg Law and a privilege of market organisation. Following the Partitions of Poland, the town was briefly part of Prussia. However, after the Napoleonic Wars, it was transferred to Congress Poland ("Russian Poland"). In the 19th century, the town continued to grow, mostly thanks to a large number of Jewish and German settlers. In 1817, the town became the seat of a separate powiat within the administrative system of the kingdom.<ref name="SGKP"/> In 1827, the town had 1759 inhabitants. By 1861, the number had grown to 3718, of which 3015 were Jewish.<ref name="SGKP"/> A fire consumed many wooden homes in 1868. As a result, many houses were rebuilt of stone.<ref name=autogenerated1>Translation of the Marijampolė chapter from Pinkas Hakehillot Lita</ref>
Following the January Uprising and the Russian suppression of the former Commonwealth lands, the powiat of Maryampol was seriously diminished.<ref name="SGKP"/> Also, around that time, the monastery gained prominence as it was the only monastery owned by the Marians that was not closed down by the tsarist authorities.<ref name="Marians">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As the surroundings of the town were primarily inhabited by Lithuanians,<ref name="SGKP"/> the town became the centre of the Lithuanian national revival. The proximity of the Prussian border made the smuggling of books in Lithuanian language, banned in Imperial Russia, easier. Among the most notable Lithuanian scholars and writers active in Mariampol at that time were Kazys Grinius, Jonas Jablonskis and Vincas Kudirka.
Following World War I, the town became part of the restored Lithuania, and the name was standardized to its current form Marijampolė.
During World War II, Marijampolė was occupied by the Soviet Union. During 1940–1941, Soviet authorities deported several hundred inhabitants of Marijampolė. In 1941, Nazi Germany occupied the town. On 1 September 1941, between 5,000 and 8,000 Jews from Marijampolė, Kalvarija and elsewhere, along with people from other backgrounds, were murdered by Germans and Lithuanian policemen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1/><ref>The Jaeger Report</ref> Their bodies were placed in mass graves near the Šešupė River. During the war, the town was heavily damaged and almost emptied.
On July 31, 1944 Soviet army once again entered the city. The following year, the Soviet counter-intelligence agency SMERSH repressed about 500 people from Marijampolė. During the first years of Soviet occupation in 1944–1953, Soviet deportations from Lithuania to Siberian gulags included somewhere between 5,000 and 6,000 Lithuanians from Marijampolė county.<ref>"Marijampolės kraštotyros muziejus"</ref> In late postwar years, the city was rebuilt and repopulated with inhabitants from other parts of Lithuania. About 98% of Marijampolė's inhabitants are ethnic Lithuanians.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 9 April 1955, Communist authorities of the Lithuanian SSR renamed the town "Kapsukas" after a Lithuanian Communist politician, Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas.<ref name="Kapsukas">Template:In lang [1], archived 22 March 2008 from the original at the Wayback Machine.</ref> The old name was restored in 1989, the year before Lithuania declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
Marijampolė has been the administrative centre of the county since 1994. In 2018, on the 100th anniversary of the restoration of the independence of Lithuania, the city of Marijampolė became the cultural capital of Lithuania.
The Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel synagogue in Chicago was founded by immigrants from Marijampolė. Other Jewish migrants from Marijampolė settled in Manchester and Leeds, United Kingdom.
TransportEdit
Marijampolė is accessible by railway via the Kaunas-Šeštokai-Alytus line. The town is located at the crossroads of two major highways: The Via Baltica connects Helsinki with Central and Southern Europe, and the European route E28 runs between Berlin, Germany, and Minsk, Belarus.
Industry and economyEdit
Marijampolė is connected to its partners by business, sport, education, tourism, and other ties. Marijampolė's local means of mass media include a local television station, a local radio station, the newspapers "Marijampolės laikraštis", "Suvalkietis", "TV savaitė", "Sugrįžimai", and magazine "Suvalkija". Culturally, Marijampolė enjoys one cinema and a municipal drama theater.
Marijampolė is a regional centre of light industry enterprises, construction, transport and trade. It has also become home to one of the largest second-hand car markets in Europe.<ref name=usedcars>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EducationEdit
Marijampolė has a strong educational system with state education institutions. The city is the seat of Marijampolė University of Applied Sciences, as well as nine pre-school institutions, six nursery schools, one primary school, 12 lower secondary schools, nine secondary schools, four gymnasiums, a youth school, an adult education center, five additional training establishments, three non-state education institutions, a music school of Christian Culture, the Gymnasium of Marijonai, and the R. Vosylienė languages school.
Marijampolė MunicipalityEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Marijampolė has a City Council with 27 members. The members of the City Council represent different Lithuanian political parties.
The Marijampolė Municipality is adjacent to the Vilkaviškis District Municipality in the west, Kazlų Rūda Municipality in the north, Kalvarija Municipality in the south, and the Prienai District Municipality and Alytus District Municipality in the east.
The town of Marijampolė and its six surrounding communities make up the territory of Marijampolė Municipality. They are: Gudeliai, Igliauka, Liudvinavas, Marijampolė, Sasnava, and Šunskai communities. Marijampolė Municipality covers Template:Convert of land; 72% of which is agricultural land; 12.3% is covered by forests; 4.2% is towns and villages, 2% is industrial enterprises and roads, and 6.9% is areas used for other purposes.
Twin towns — sister citiesEdit
Marijampolė is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col
- Template:Flagicon Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Kokkola, Finland
- Template:Flagicon Kvam, Norway
- Template:Flagicon Lesja, Norway
- Template:Flagicon Mayo County, Ireland
- Template:Flagicon Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Reșița, Romania
- Template:Flagicon Rogozno, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Suwałki, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Valga, Estonia
- Template:Flagicon Valka, Latvia
- Template:Flagicon Viborg, Denmark
Notable peopleEdit
- Ovidijus Vyšniauskas, a Lithuanian musician. The first Lithuania representer at Eurovision Song Contest in 1994.
- Violeta Urmana, opera singer, an honorary citizen of the city.
- Moshe Rosenthalis (1922–2008), Lithuanian-Israeli painter.
- Darius Songaila, basketball player.
- Saulius Brusokas, male weightlifter and strongman competitor.
- Sue Perkins, British comedienne; great grandmother from Mariampolė.
- Vytautas Kašuba, Lithuanian-American sculptor.
GalleryEdit
- Marijampolė - panoramio (1).jpg
Old Town
- Marijampolė, Jono Pauliaus II koplyčia.JPG
Pope John Paul II Parish Chapel
- Vytautas of Marijampolė.jpg
Monument for Vytautas the Great
- Marijampolė Šv arkangelo Mykolo mažoji bazilika (Large).jpg
- Marijampolės Šv. Vincento Pauliečio bažnyčia.JPG
- Mariampol-synagoga.JPG
- Marijampolės ev. liuteronų bažnyčia.JPG
- MariampoleNádraží.JPG
- Parkas Marijampolėje 3.JPG
Marijampolė park of "Poetry"
- Miesto dienos 2013 - panoramio.jpg
City days 2013
- Piligrimų namai "Domus Beati" - panoramio.jpg
The House of Pilgrims Domus Beati
- Marijampolės Rygiškių Jono gimnazija.JPG
- Marijampolės Sūduvos gimnazija, stadionas.JPG
Marijampolė Gymnasium stadium
- Paminklas J. Jablonskiui - panoramio.jpg
Monument for Jonas Jablonskis
- Paminklas Tautai ir kalbai, Lietuvos 1000-mečiui paminėti - panoramio.jpg
Monument for the millennia of Lithuania