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Martin Parr

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Template:Short description Template:For multi Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox artist

Martin Parr Template:Postnominals (born 23 May 1952) is a British documentary photographer,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> photojournalist and photobook collector. He is known for his photographic projects that take an intimate, satirical and anthropological<ref name=MPI>Template:Citation</ref> look at aspects of modern life, in particular documenting the social classes of England, and more broadly the wealth of the Western world.

His major projects have been rural communities (1975–1982), The Last Resort (1983–1985), The Cost of Living (1987–1989), Small World (1987–1994) and Common Sense (1995–1999).

Since 1994, Parr has been a member of Magnum Photos.<ref name="MPI" /> He has had around 40 solo photobooks published, and has featured in around 80 exhibitions worldwide – including the international touring exhibition ParrWorld,<ref name="carole-cadwalladr">Template:Cite news</ref> and a retrospective at the Barbican Arts Centre, London, in 2002.<ref name="joe-cribbin-culture24">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Martin Parr Foundation, founded in 2014, and registered as a charity in 2015<ref>Martin Parr Foundation https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5050353/charity-overview Accessed 30 September 2022</ref> opened premises in his hometown of Bristol in 2017. It houses his own archive, his collection of British and Irish photography by other photographers, and a gallery.<ref name="bjp-parr-foundation-padley">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Life and careerEdit

File:Martin Parr (Bristol Photobook Festival, 2014).jpg
Parr in 2014

Personal lifeEdit

Born in Epsom, Surrey,<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph">Template:Cite news</ref> Parr wanted to become a documentary photographer from the age of fourteen. He cites his grandfather, George Parr, an amateur photographer<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /> and fellow of the Royal Photographic Society, as an early influence.<ref name="MPI" /><ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp He married Susan Mitchell and they have one child, Ellen Parr (born 1986). Parr was diagnosed with cancer in May 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

PhotographerEdit

Parr has said of his photography:

The fundamental thing I'm exploring constantly is the difference between the mythology of the place and the reality of it.<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp ... Remember I make serious photographs disguised as entertainment. That's part of my mantra. I make the pictures acceptable to find the audience but deep down there is actually a lot going on that's not sharply written in your face. If you want to read it you can read it.<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp

Parr's aesthetic is close-up, through use of a macro lens, and employing saturated<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> colour, a result of either the type of film and/or use of a ring flash. This allows him to put his subjects "under the microscope" in their own environment, giving them space to expose their lives and values in ways that often involve inadvertent humour.<ref name="MPI" /> His technique, as seen in his book Signs of the Times: A Portrait of the Nation's Tastes (1992), has been said to leave viewers with ambiguous emotional reactions, unsure whether to laugh or cry.<ref name="val-williams-martin-parr">Template:Cite book</ref>

Manchester Polytechnic, 1970–1973Edit

Parr studied photography at Manchester Polytechnic from 1970 to 1972 with contemporaries Daniel Meadows and Brian Griffin.<ref name="val-williams-daniel-meadows">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp Parr and Meadows collaborated on various projects,<ref name="meadows-living-like-this">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp including working at Butlin's as roving photographers.<ref name="sean-ohagan-john-hinde">Template:Cite news</ref> They were part of a new wave of documentary photographers, "a loose British grouping, which, though it never gave itself a title have become variously known as 'the Young British Photographers', 'Independent Photographers' and the 'New British Photography'."<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp<ref name="val-williams-daniel-meadows" />Template:Rp

Rural communities, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and Ireland, 1975–1982Edit

In 1975 Parr moved to Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire<ref name="parr-by-parr">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="reznik-time-lightbox">Template:Cite magazine</ref> where he would complete his first mature work.<ref name="telegraph-ordinary-lives">Template:Cite news</ref> He was involved with the Albert Street Workshop, a hub for artistic activity which included a darkroom and exhibition space. Parr spent five years photographing rural life in the area, focusing on the Methodist (and some Baptist) non-conformist chapels, a focal point for isolated farming communities that in the early 1970s were closing down. He photographed in black-and-white, for its nostalgic nature and for it being appropriate to his celebratory look at this past activity.<ref name="reznik-time-lightbox" /> Also, photographers at that time were obliged to work in black-and-white to be taken seriously, colour being associated with commercial and snapshot photography.<ref name="reznik-time-lightbox" /> His series The Non-Conformists was widely exhibited at the time and published as a book in 2013.<ref name="rachel-pickering">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="sean-ohagan-science-museum">Template:Cite news</ref> Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian, said "It's easy to forget how quietly observational Parr was as a black-and-white photographer."<ref name="sean-ohagan-science-museum" />

In 1980 Parr married Susan Mitchell and, for her work, they moved to the west coast of Ireland. He set up a darkroom in Boyle, County Roscommon.

Parr's first publications, Bad Weather, published in 1982 by Zwemmer with an Arts Council subsidy, Calderdale Photographs (1984) and A Fair Day: Photographs from the West Coast of Ireland (1984), all featured photographs from mostly northern England, and Ireland, in black-and-white. He used a Leica M3 with a 35 mm lens;<ref name="reznik-time-lightbox" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> although for Bad Weather he quickly switched to an underwater camera with a flashgun.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The working class, The Last Resort, 1982–1985Edit

In 1982 Parr and his wife moved to Wallasey, England, and he switched permanently to colour photography, inspired by the work of US colour photographers, mostly Joel Meyerowitz, but also William Eggleston and Stephen Shore, and also the British Peter Fraser and Peter Mitchell.<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp Parr has written that "I had also encountered the post cards of John Hinde when I worked at Butlin's in the early 70s and the bright saturated colour of these had a big impact on me."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the summers of 1983, 1984 and 1985<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp he photographed working-class people at the seaside in nearby New Brighton. This work was published in the book The Last Resort: Photographs of New Brighton (1986) and exhibited in Liverpool and London.

Although John Bulmer had pioneered colour documentary photography of Britain, from 1965,<ref name="hamilton">Template:Cite journal</ref> Gerry Badger has said of The Last Resort:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

It is difficult from a perspective of almost a quarter of a century to underestimate [sic] the significance of The Last Resort, either in British photography or Martin Parr's career. For both, it represented a seismic change in the basic mode of photographic expression, from monochrome to colour, a fundamental technical change that heralded the development of a new tone in documentary photography.

Karen Wright, writing in The Independent, has said "He was attacked by some critics for his scrutiny of the working classes, but looking at these works, one merely sees Parr's unflinching eye capturing the truth of a social class embracing leisure in whatever form available."<ref>"In The Studio: Martin Parr, photographer", The Independent.</ref>

The middle class, The Cost of Living (1987–1989)Edit

In 1985 Parr completed a commission for the Documentary Photography Archive in Manchester to photograph people at supermarkets in Salford, Retailing in the Borough of Salford, which is now held at the archive.<ref name="guardian-stauntun">Template:Cite news</ref>

He and his wife moved to Bristol in 1987,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> where they still live. During 1987 and 1988 he completed his next major project, on the middle class, who were at that time becoming increasingly affluent under Thatcherism. He photographed middle-class activities such as shopping, dinner parties and school open days,<ref name="va-new-brighton">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> predominantly around Bristol and Bath<ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp in the southwest of England. It was published as his next book The Cost of Living (1989) and exhibited in Bath, London, Oxford and Paris.

His book One Day Trip (1989) featured photographs taken when he accompanied people on a booze cruise to France, a commission from Mission Photographique Transmanche.

Mass tourism, Small World (1987–1994)Edit

Between 1987 and 1994 Parr travelled internationally to make his next major series, a critique of mass tourism,<ref>"Portfolio: Martin Parr", The Independent.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref group="n">The book Small World is reproduced at the Magnum Photos website.</ref> published as Small World in 1995. A revised edition with additional photographs was published in 2007. It was exhibited in 1995–1996 in London, Paris, Edinburgh, and Palma in Spain and has continued to be shown in various locations since.

He was visiting professor of photography at the University of Art and Design in Helsinki between 1990 and 1992.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Global consumerism, Common Sense (1995–1999)Edit

Between 1995 and 1999 Parr made the series Common Sense about global consumerism. Common Sense was an exhibition of 350 prints, and a book published in 1999 with 158 images. The exhibition was first shown in 1999 and was staged simultaneously in forty-one venues in seventeen countries.<ref name="tate-common-sense">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The pictures depict the minutiae of consumer culture, and are intended to show the ways in which people entertain themselves. The photographs were taken with 35 mm ultra-saturated film for its vivid, heightened colours.<ref name="tate-common-sense" />

Magnum PhotosEdit

Parr joined Magnum Photos as an associate member in 1988. The vote on his inclusion as a full member in 1994 was divisive, with Philip Jones Griffiths circulating a plea to other members not to admit him.<ref>Russell Miller, Magnum: Fifty Years at the Front Line of History (London: Pimlico, 1997; Template:ISBN). Here at Google Books. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</ref> Parr achieved the necessary two-thirds majority by one vote. Magnum membership helped him work on editorial photography,<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /> and on editorial fashion photography for Paul Smith, Louis Vuitton, Galerie du jour Agnès B. and Madame Figaro.<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /><ref name="parr-by-parr" />Template:Rp<ref>"On the Beach with Martin Parr", The New Yorker.</ref>

In 2014 Parr was voted in as president of Magnum Photos International,<ref name="bjp-magnum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a post he held for 3.5 years until 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CollectorEdit

PhotobooksEdit

Parr is a collector and critic of photobooks.<ref name="liz-jobey-ft">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bbc-imagine">Imagine (TV series), Season 2, Episode 4, The World According to Parr, 3 December 2003</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His collaboration with the critic Gerry Badger, The Photobook: A History (in three volumes) covers more than 1,000 examples of photobooks from the 19th century through to the present day. The first two volumes took eight years to complete.<ref name="MPI" /> Tate Modern's retrospective exhibition of Daidō Moriyama in London included many Moriyama books loaned from Parr displayed in vitrines.

Other itemsEdit

Parr also collects postcards, photographs and various other items of vernacular and popular culture<ref name="liz-jobey-ft" /> such as wallpaper, Saddam Hussein watches and prostitute advertising cards from phoneboxes (items with a photograph on them).<ref name="bbc-imagine" /><ref name="nancy-banks-smith">Template:Cite news</ref> Here too, items from his collections have been used as the basis for publications and exhibitions. Since the 1970s, Parr has collected and publicised the garish postcards made between the 1950s and 1970s by John Hinde and his team of photographers.<ref name="sean-ohagan-john-hinde" />

CuratorEdit

Parr was guest artistic director for the 2004 Rencontres d'Arles festival of photography,<ref name="sean-ohagan-brighton">Template:Cite news</ref> guest curator of the New Typologies exhibition at the 2008 New York Photo Festival,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and guest curator of Brighton Photo Biennial in 2010, which he called New Documents.<ref name="sean-ohagan-brighton" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian, said "Back in 2004, he was invited by the organisers of the annual Rencontres D'Arles to be guest curator. That year's Arles festival, in its range and ambition, remains the standard by which all subsequent Rencontres have been judged."<ref name="sean-ohagan-brighton" />

Parr was artistic director of the newly established Bristol Photo Festival, scheduled to open in 2021. However in July 2020 he quit, due to his involvement with a 2018 reissue of the photobook London by Gian Butturini, after a campaign by an anthropology student at University College London, who called a pairing of photographs in it racist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Film and televisionEdit

Parr has been involved in making television, and documentary and other films.

From 1990 to 1992 Parr collaborated with Nick Barker, taking photographs to accompany Barker's film Signs of the Times.

In 1997, Parr began producing his own television documentaries with Mosaic Film.

In 2003 Parr was the subject of and appeared extensively in the Imagine BBC One TV series episode The World According to Parr, directed and produced by Rebecca Frayn, and hosted and executive produced by Alan Yentob.<ref name="nancy-banks-smith" />

He was cameraman on the film It's Nice Up North (2006) with comedian Graham Fellows (as his character John Shuttleworth). The film is a comic documentary filmed over several years in Shetland.<ref name="theguardian-logan">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2007 Parr took part in BBC Four's The Genius of Photography, a six-part documentary series exploring the history of photography.<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /> In 2008 he was one of three judges on the Channel 4 series Picture This.<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" />

In 2014 Parr created "Turkey and Tinsel", a 60-minute deadpan and often hilarious observational video documentary about faux Christmas in small town England.

TeachingEdit

Parr was a visiting lecturer at West Surrey College of Art & Design (now University for the Creative Arts) in Farnham, Surrey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2004 he was appointed professor of photography at the University of Wales, Newport.<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /> In 2013 he was appointed professor of photography at Ulster University in Belfast.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Martin Parr FoundationEdit

The Martin Parr Foundation was founded in 2014. It opened premises in Bristol in October 2017.<ref name="bjp-parr-foundation-padley" /><ref name="dazed-flynn">Niall Flynn, "Martin Parr: we don't appreciate British photography enough". Dazed, 19 September 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017</ref> The Foundation houses Parr's own archive, and his collection of prints and book dummies made by other photographers—mainly British and Irish photography, and work by several photographers from abroad who have photographed in the UK.<ref name="bjp-parr-foundation-padley" /> There is a gallery open to the public—its first exhibition was Parr's Black Country Stories<ref name="dazed-flynn" />—and it is a hub for talks, screenings and events.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Foundation is located in Paintworks in southeast Bristol. Parr is the Foundation's main source of income.<ref name="bjp-parr-foundation-padley" />

ReceptionEdit

The German photographic curator Thomas Weski has said:<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" />

Martin Parr is a chronicler of our age... Leisure, consumption and communication are the concepts that this British photographer has been researching for several decades now on his worldwide travels... Parr enables us to see things that have seemed familiar to us in a completely new way.

Dan Rule, writing in The Age, has said:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Parr's signature is his ability not only to isolate the most evocative of human details, but to elevate such visual fragments to that of the wider societal signpost or glyph.

Honours and awardsEdit

  • 2004: Professor of photography, University of Wales, Newport.<ref name="ciar-byrne-telegraph" /><ref name="cca">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2014: Exceptional Achievement in Photography, Amateur Photographer, London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2014: Lucie Award, Achievement in Documentary Photography, Lucie Foundation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2016: Recognition for Significant Contribution in the Field of Visual Arts, Royal Academy of Arts, London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Parr was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to photography.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

PublicationsEdit

MonographsEdit

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Retrospectives, private publications, and very limited publicationsEdit

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Papers and zinesEdit

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PostcardsEdit

  • Home and Abroad. London: British Council, 1994. Template:OCLC. A set of postcards, as the catalogue of a travelling exhibition. Text by Brett Rogers. Not to be confused with the book of the same title.
  • Love Cube. [Stockholm]: Gun Gallery, 2007. Template:ISBN. Twenty-seven cards in a box, with a booklet. Photographs by Parr, text by Johan Croneman.
  • Royal Wedding. Paris: Verlhac, 2011. Template:ISBN. Set of 10 postcards inside small album. Text (in French) by Stéphane Bern.
  • Royal Jubilee. Set of 10 postcards inside small album.
    • London: Pavilion, 2012. Template:ISBN. Text (in English) by Stéphane Bern.
    • Paris: Verlhac, 2012. Template:ISBN. French-language version. Text (in French) by Stéphane Bern.

Books with othersEdit

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Books edited or with contributions by ParrEdit

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  • Tony Ray-Jones. Paris: Maison CF, 2019. Template:ISBN. Photographs by Tony Ray-Jones. Edited and introduced by Martin Parr.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Books about ParrEdit

These also include photographs by Parr.

  • Martin Parr by Val Williams.
  • Martin Parr vu par.... Bonsecours, France: Édition Point de vues, 2005. By children; in French.
  • Martin Parr by Sandra S. Phillips.
    • Phaidon 55. London: Phaidon, 2007. Template:ISBN.
    • Paris: Phaidon, 2007. Template:ISBN. French-language edition.
    • London: Phaidon, 2013.
  • Martin Parr, text by Alessandra Mauro.
    • I Grandi Fotografi: Magnum Photos. Testimonianze e visioni del nostro tempo. Milan: Hachette Fascicoli, 2005. Template:OCLC. In Italian.
    • Grandes fotográfos Magnum Photos 20. [Barcelona]: Salvat [2007]. Template:ISBN. In Spanish.

ExhibitionsEdit

File:Jeu de Paume Paris exposition.jpg
Queue for the exhibition ParrWorld at Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 2009.

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Works 1971–2001, Maison européenne de la photographie, Paris, 2005.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Curated by Val Williams and organized by Brigitte Lardinois. Photographs from the 1970s–2001, from the series Butlins by the Sea, June Street, Home Sweet Home, The Last Resort, The Cost of Living, Small World and Autoportraits.<ref>"2001: Martin Parr : Photographic Works", Photography and the Archive Research Centre. Retrieved 6 July 2014.</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Graphic Design Museum, Breda, Netherlands, 2008;Template:Citation needed Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 2009;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, Gateshead, UK, 2009.<ref name="carole-cadwalladr" />

  • 2013/2014: Only in England: Photographs by Tony Ray-Jones and Martin Parr, Media Space, Science Museum, London, September 2013 – March 2014;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> National Media Museum, Bradford, March–June 2014; Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, February–June 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With Parr's The Non-Conformists and material from the National Media Museum's Tony Ray-Jones archive, curated by Parr and Greg Hobson.

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Parr photographed the four boroughs of the Black Country, documenting the traditions and communities that live there. This work produced the photobook, Martin Parr: Black Country Stories (2014), along with four films, including Teddy Gray's Sweet Factory (2011).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • 2014: Paris, Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2017: Sony World Photography Awards & Martin Parr – 2017 Exhibition, Somerset House, London. Three rooms dedicated to Parr, with "black and white images from his early career, alongside some of the artist's most talked about work, books and films and original exhibition posters." Also shown were a "selection of the winning, shortlisted and commended work from the World Photography Organisation's annual photography competi[ti]on."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2019: In Black & White: Martin Parr & Tony Ray-Jones. Galerie Clémentine de la Féronnière, Paris.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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FilmsEdit

Films with contributions by ParrEdit

Films about ParrEdit

  • I Am Martin Parr (2024) – documentary film directed by Lee Shulman<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

CollectionsEdit

Parr's work is held in the following permanent collections:

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See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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