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Masovian VoivodeshipTemplate:Efn or Mazowieckie Province (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) and any variation thereof,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Another English rendering of the province's name derived from the name Mazowsze is "Mazowsze Voivodship" or "Mazowsze Province".</ref> is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, containing Poland's capital Warsaw.

Masovian Voivodeship has an area of Template:Convert and had a 2019 population of 5,411,446, making it Poland's largest and most populous province.<ref name="population" /> Its principal cities are Warsaw (1.783 million) in the center of the Warsaw metropolitan area, Radom (212,230) to the south, Płock (119,709) to the west, Siedlce (77,990) to the east, and Ostrołęka (52,071) to the north. It borders six other provinces: Warmian-Masurian to the north, Podlaskie to the northeast, Lublin to the southeast, Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) to the south, Łódź to the southwest, and Kuyavian–Pomeranian to the northwest.

The name of the province recalls the region's traditional name, Mazovia (in Polish Mazowsze, also spelled Masovia), with which it is roughly coterminous. However, the province's southern part, including Radom, historically belonged to Lesser Poland; while Łomża with environs, though historically part of Mazovia, is now part of Podlaskie Voivodeship.

Masovian Voivodeship is Poland's prime center of science, research, education, industry, and infrastructure.<ref name="aquatherm-warsaw.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has Poland's lowest unemployment rate and is a very high-income province.<ref name="aquatherm-warsaw.com"/> It is also popular with tourists due to the many historical monuments and its over 20% forested area of pine and oak.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The province's Kampinos National Park is a UNESCO biosphere reserve.

HistoryEdit

File:Hogenberg View of Warsaw.jpg
17th-century view of Warsaw

In the Early Middle Ages, the territory was inhabited by the Masovians, an old Polish tribe. It formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century, with the then-regional capital Płock being the capital of Poland from 1079 to 1138. The Wzgórze Tumskie ("Cathedral Hill") in Płock with the Płock Castle and the Catholic Cathedral, seat of one of the oldest Polish dioceses, est. in 1075, which contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs, is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.<ref>Template:Cite Polish law</ref> Later, Płock, Warsaw and Czersk were medieval ducal seats of the Piast dynasty.

In 1505, Radom hosted the session of the Sejm (Polish Parliament), which enacted the Nihil novi act, and in the 16th century, Warsaw hosted several sessions of the Sejm,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> before King Sigismund III Vasa moved the Polish capital from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596.

Following the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland, the region witnessed several uprisings against foreign rule: the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, the November Uprising of 1830–1831, and the January Uprising of 1863–1864.

In the interbellum, the region was part of reborn independent Poland. In 1920, the region was invaded by Soviet Russia, but Poland secured its freedom in the victorious Battle of Warsaw. The southern part of the current province was rapidly industrialized as part of the Central Industrial Region of Poland.

During World War II, it was occupied by Germany, with the occupiers committing their genocidal policies against Poles and Jews in the region, with expulsions, massacres of civilians and prisoners of war, including at Ciepielów, Śladów, Zakroczym, Ostrów Mazowiecka, Palmiry, Firlej, Skłoby, Nur, Ochota, Wola, and Lipniak-Majorat. Germany operated numerous prisons, forced labour camps, the Treblinka extermination camp, in which some 700,000–900,000 people were murdered, and several prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, Italian, French, Soviet, and Romanian prisoners of war.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Masovian Province was created on 1 January 1999, under the Polish local-government reforms adopted in 1998, out of the former provinces of Warsaw, Płock, Ciechanów, Ostrołęka, Siedlce, and Radom.

Administrative divisionEdit

Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties, including five city counties and 37 land counties. These are subdivided into 314 gminas (municipalities), which include 85 urban gminas.

The counties, shown on the numbered map, are described in the table below.
File:Mazowsze Numerki.png
Template:Small English and
Polish names
Area Population
Template:Small
Seat Other towns Total
gminas
Template:Small Template:Small
City counties
1 Warsaw
Warszawa
Template:Convert 1,783,321 1
(2) Ostrołęka Template:Convert 52,071 1
(3) Płock Template:Convert 119,709 1
(4) Radom Template:Convert 212,230 1
(5) Siedlce Template:Convert 77,990 1
Land counties
2 Ostrołęka County
powiat ostrołęcki
Template:Convert 88,717 Ostrołęka * Myszyniec 11
3 Płock County
powiat płocki
Template:Convert 110,987 Płock * Gąbin, Drobin, Wyszogród, Bodzanów 15
4 Radom County
powiat radomski
Template:Convert 152,190 Radom * Pionki, Iłża, Skaryszew, Jedlnia-Letnisko, Przytyk 13
5 Siedlce County
powiat siedlecki
Template:Convert 81,265 Siedlce * Mordy 13
6 Żuromin County
powiat żuromiński
Template:Convert 38,688 Żuromin Bieżuń, Lubowidz 6
7 Mława County
powiat mławski
Template:Convert 72,906 Mława 10
8 Przasnysz County
powiat przasnyski
Template:Convert 52,676 Przasnysz Chorzele 7
9 Ciechanów County
powiat ciechanowski
Template:Convert 89,460 Ciechanów Glinojeck 9
10 Sierpc County
powiat sierpecki
Template:Convert 52,077 Sierpc 7
11 Maków County
powiat makowski
Template:Convert 45,076 Maków Mazowiecki Różan 10
12 Ostrów Mazowiecka County
powiat ostrowski
Template:Convert 72,558 Ostrów Mazowiecka Brok 11
13 Płońsk County
powiat płoński
Template:Convert 87,183 Płońsk Raciąż, Sochocin, Nowe Miasto, Czerwińsk nad Wisłą 12
14 Pułtusk County
powiat pułtuski
Template:Convert 51,862 Pułtusk 7
15 Wyszków County
powiat wyszkowski
Template:Convert 74,094 Wyszków 6
16 Gostynin County
powiat gostyniński
Template:Convert 45,060 Gostynin Sanniki 5
17 Nowy Dwór County
powiat nowodworski
Template:Convert 79,256 Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Nasielsk, Zakroczym 6
18 Legionowo County
powiat legionowski
Template:Convert 117,751 Legionowo Serock 5
19 Wołomin County
powiat wołomiński
Template:Convert 247,288 Wołomin Ząbki, Marki, Kobyłka, Zielonka, Radzymin, Tłuszcz, Jadów 12
20 Węgrów County
powiat węgrowski
Template:Convert 66,037 Węgrów Łochów 9
21 Sokołów County
powiat sokołowski
Template:Convert 53,992 Sokołów Podlaski Kosów Lacki 9
22 Sochaczew County
powiat sochaczewski
Template:Convert 85,024 Sochaczew 8
23 Warsaw West County
powiat warszawski zachodni
Template:Convert 117,783 Ożarów Mazowiecki Łomianki, Błonie 7
24 Mińsk County
powiat miński
Template:Convert 154,054 Mińsk Mazowiecki Sulejówek, Halinów, Kałuszyn, Mrozy, Siennica, Cegłów, Dobre, Latowicz 13
25 Łosice County
powiat łosicki
Template:Convert 30,895 Łosice 6
26 Żyrardów County
powiat żyrardowski
Template:Convert 75,787 Żyrardów Mszczonów, Wiskitki 5
27 Grodzisk Mazowiecki County
powiat grodziski
Template:Convert 94,962 Grodzisk Mazowiecki Milanówek, Podkowa Leśna 6
28 Pruszków County
powiat pruszkowski
Template:Convert 165,039 Pruszków Piastów, Brwinów 6
29 Piaseczno County
powiat piaseczyński
Template:Convert 186,460 Piaseczno Konstancin-Jeziorna, Góra Kalwaria, Tarczyn 6
30 Otwock County
powiat otwocki
Template:Convert 124,241 Otwock Józefów, Karczew, Osieck 8
31 Grójec County
powiat grójecki
Template:Convert 98,334 Grójec Warka, Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, Mogielnica 10
32 Garwolin County
powiat garwoliński
Template:Convert 108,909 Garwolin Łaskarzew, Pilawa, Żelechów, Maciejowice 14
33 Białobrzegi County
powiat białobrzeski
Template:Convert 33,524 Białobrzegi Wyśmierzyce 6
34 Kozienice County
powiat kozienicki
Template:Convert 60,253 Kozienice Magnuszew, Głowaczów 7
35 Przysucha County
powiat przysuski
Template:Convert 41,721 Przysucha Odrzywół, Gielniów 8
36 Zwoleń County
powiat zwoleński
Template:Convert 36,222 Zwoleń Kazanów 5
37 Szydłowiec County
powiat szydłowiecki
Template:Convert 39,766 Szydłowiec Jastrząb 5
38 Lipsko County
powiat lipski
Template:Convert 34,028 Lipsko Solec nad Wisłą, Sienno, Ciepielów 6
* seat not part of the county

Cities and townsEdit

Template:Historical populationsThe voivodeship contains 10 cities and 78 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019):<ref name="population">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Columns-list

PoliticsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The Masovian voivodeship's government is headed by the province's {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (governor) who is appointed by the Polish Prime Minister. The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is then assisted in performing his duties by the voivodeship's marshal, who is the appointed speaker for the voivodeship's executive and is elected by the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (provincial assembly). The current {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} of Masovia is Mariusz Frankowski.

The Sejmik of Masovia consists of 51 members.

VoivodesEdit

Term start Term end Voivode Party Other high offices held
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

20 October 2001 style="background:Template:Party color"| Antoni Pietkiewicz AWS Voivode of Kalisz (1990–1991)
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

10 January 2006 style="background:Template:Party color"| Leszek Mizieliński SLD Masovian vice-marshal (1998–2001)
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

17 January 2007 style="background:Template:Party color"| Tomasz Koziński PiS Mayor of Praga-Południe (2002–2006)
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1 February 2007 style="background:Template:Party color"| Wojciech Dąbrowski PiS Mayor of Żoliborz (2004–2006)
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

29 November 2007 style="background:Template:Party color" | Jacek Sasin PiS Deputy PM (since 2019), MP (since 2011)
citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

8 December 2015 style="background:Template:Party color"| Jacek Kozłowski PO Vice-Chairman of Poland 2050
8 December 2015 11 November 2019 style="background:Template:Party color"| Zdzisław Sipiera PiS Mayor of Wola (2005–2006), MP (2019–2023)
25 November 2019 31 March 2023 style="background:Template:Party color" | Konstanty Radziwiłł PiS Minister of Health (2015–2018), MP (2015–2019)
31 March 2023 13 December 2023 style="background:Template:Party color" | Tobiasz Bocheński PiS Łódź Voivode (2019–2023)
13 December 2023 Incumbent style="background:Template:Party color" | Mariusz Frankowski PO Deputy director of strategy and regional development of the Masovian Vovoideship in the Marshal's Office (2007–2011)

Warsaw city councilor (2018–2023),

Protected areasEdit

Protected areass include one National Park and nine Landscape parks. These are shown below.

HistoricalEdit

Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)Edit

Template:Details

Masovia Voivodeship, 1526–1795 (Template:Langx) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century until the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province (prowincja) of Masovia.

Masovian Voivodeship (1816–1837)Edit

Masovian Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland. It was formed from the Warsaw Department and transformed into the Masovia Governorate.

TransportEdit

Three major international road routes pass through the voivodeship: Cork–Berlin–Poznań–Warszawa–Minsk–Moscow–Omsk (European route E30), Prague–Wrocław–Warsaw–Białystok–Helsinki (E67) and Pskov–Gdańsk–Warsaw–Kraków–Budapest (E77).

Currently, there are various stretches of highways in the area, with the A2 highway connecting the region, and therefore the capital city, with the rest of Europe. The highway passes directly through the voivodeship from west to east, connecting it with Belarus and Germany. However, the A2 is yet to be built east of Warsaw to connect Poland with Belarus. The S7 expressway runs through Poland from the north to the south passing through Warsaw, the S8 connects Warsaw with Białystok, in the neighboring north-eastern province, also forming part of the Via Baltica which heads on to Lithuania, and to Wrocław in the south-west, and the S17 being built to connect Warsaw with Lublin in the south-east and on to Ukraine.

The two main railway carriers operating in the region are the regional Koleje Mazowieckie and nationwide PKP Intercity. Three of ten busiest railway stations of Poland are located in the voivodeship: Warszawa Centralna, Warszawa Wschodnia, Warszawa Zachodnia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The main international airport in the region is Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport.

EconomyEdit

Masovian Voivodeship is the wealthiest province in Poland. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was PLN 596 billion in 2021, accounting for 22.8% of the Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was around PLN123,000in the same year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

UnemploymentEdit

The unemployment rate stood at 4.8% in 2017 and was higher than the national and the European average.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
unemployment rate
(in %)
12.3 9.1 6.0 6.0 7.4 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.2 6.4 5.5 4.8

Sights and tourismEdit

The top tourist destination of the voivodeship is the capital city of Warsaw with its Old Town and Royal Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland.<ref>Template:Cite Polish law</ref> Further Historic Monuments in Warsaw include the Royal Route with several palaces and parks, most notably the Łazienki Palace and Wilanów Palace, and the Warsaw Water Filters.

Other historic cities include Radom with its old center and parks, Pułtusk with the longest paved marketplace of Europe, and Płock, former medieval capital of Poland, with its Old Town and Wzgórze Tumskie ("Cathedral Hill") with the Płock Castle and the Płock Cathedral, which contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs.

There are several medieval castles, including at Ciechanów, Czersk, Liw, Płock, and numerous palaces in the voivodeship, including at Otwock Wielki, Guzów, Radziejowice, Krubki-Górki, Sanniki, Korczew and multiple in Warsaw itself. Unique historic churches include the Temple of Mercy and Charity in Płock, the worldwide headquarters of the Mariavite Church, the Abbey Church in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, one of the best preserved Romanesque fortified churches in Poland, and the Saints Roch and John the Baptist church in Brochów, a Gothic-Renaissance fortified church, place of baptism of Fryderyk Chopin. Otwock, Józefów and Warsaw are home to the local Świdermajer architectural style. There are also the Modlin Fortress and Warsaw Citadel.

The sole spa town of the voivodeship is Konstancin-Jeziorna.

There are museums dedicated to composer Fryderyk Chopin and chemist Marie Curie at their birthplaces in Żelazowa Wola and Warsaw, respectively. There is also a Fryderyk Chopin Museum in Warsaw. There is a museum dedicated to famous Renaissance poet Jan Kochanowski in Czarnolas. The Krasiński Palace in Opinogóra Górna hosts the Museum of Romanticism.

There are numerous World War II memorials, including memorials at the sites of Nazi massacres of Poles, including Palmiry, and Holocaust memorials, and museums at the sites of the former Nazi German Treblinka extermination camp, Pawiak Prison in Warsaw and Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków. Two of the few Italian war cemeteries in Poland are located in Warsaw (from both world wars) and Nowe Opole (from WW2).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The highest point in the voivodeship, Template:Convert, Góra Altana, is located south of Szydłowiec, near the southern boundary with the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.

SportsEdit

Football, handball, volleyball and basketball enjoy the largest following in the voivodeship. Successful clubs include Legia Warsaw and Polonia Warsaw in football and basketball, and Wisła Płock in handball.

Since the establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships, 2003 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, EuroBasket 2009, UEFA Euro 2012, 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship, 2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.

Deepspot, the world's second deepest swimming pool, is located in Mszczonów.

CuriositiesEdit

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