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Mauritshuis

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox museum

The Mauritshuis ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Lit) is an art museum in The Hague, Netherlands. The museum houses the Royal Cabinet of Paintings which consists of 854 objects, mostly Dutch Golden Age paintings. The collection contains works by Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Jan Steen, Paulus Potter, Frans Hals, Jacob van Ruisdael, Hans Holbein the Younger, and others. Originally, the 17th-century building was the residence of Count John Maurice of Nassau. The building is now the property of the government of the Netherlands and is listed in the top 100 Dutch heritage sites.

HistoryEdit

File:Bartholomeus Johannes van Hove, Het Mauritshuis te Den Haag.jpg
The Mauritshuis in 1825.

In 1631, John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, a cousin of Stadtholder Frederick Henry, bought a plot bordering the Binnenhof and the adjacent Hofvijver pond in The Hague,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> at that time the political centre of the Dutch Republic. Between 1636 and 1641, the Mauritshuis was built on this piece of land, during John Maurice's governorship of Dutch Brazil. It was built in the Dutch Classicist style by the Dutch architects Jacob van Campen and Pieter Post.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The two-storey building is strictly symmetrical; originally the interior contained four apartments and a great hall. Each apartment was designed with an antechamber, a chamber, a cabinet, and a cloakroom. The building had a cupola, which was destroyed in a fire in 1704.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After the death of Prince John Maurice in 1679, the house was owned by the Maes family, who leased the house to the Dutch government. In 1704, most of the interior of the Mauritshuis was destroyed by fire. The building was restored between 1708 and 1718.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1774, an art gallery open to the public was formed in what is now the Prince William V Gallery. That collection was seized by the French in 1795 and only partially recovered in 1808. The small gallery space soon proved to be too small, however, and in 1820, the Mauritshuis was bought by the Dutch state for the purpose of housing the Royal Cabinet of Paintings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1822, the Mauritshuis was opened to the public and housed the Royal Cabinet of Paintings and the Royal Cabinet of Rarities. In 1875, the entire museum became available for paintings.<ref name="Mauritshuis"/>

In 1995, the Mauritshuis was established as a non-profit foundation. The foundation set up at that time took charge of both the building and the collection, which it was given on long-term loan. This building, which is the property of the state, continues to be rented by the museum. In 2007, the museum announced its desire to expand. Within three years the definitive design was presented.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The museum would occupy a part of the nearby Sociëteit de Witte building. The two buildings would be connected via a tunnel, running underneath the Korte Vijverberg.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The renovation started in 2012 and finished in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The design was by Hans van Heeswijk.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the renovation, about 100 of the museum's paintings were displayed in The Hague's Kunstmuseum in the Highlights Mauritshuis exhibition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> About 50 other paintings, including the Girl With the Pearl Earring, went on loan to exhibitions in the United States and Japan. The expanded museum was reopened on 27 June 2014 by King Willem-Alexander.<ref name="reopened">Template:In lang Nando Kasteleijn, "Het Mauritshuis is weer open. Dit moet je weten over het vernieuwde museum Template:Webarchive", NRC Handelsblad, 2014. Retrieved on 28 June 2014.</ref>

Controversy over the colonial past of Prince MauriceEdit

File:Museum Kurhaus Kleve PM15-11.jpg
Bust of John Maurice by Bartholomeus Eggers

In 1664 Prince John Maurice ordered a marble bust portrait of himself for the garden of the Mauritshuis, the Prince's residence in the Hague. The statue was sculpted by the Flemish sculptor Bartholomeus Eggers. Prince Maurice had the bust moved to the burial chamber (Fürstengruft) in Siegen which he had built for himself in 1670.

In 1986 a copy of the statue made in plastic was placed inside the Mauritshuis.<ref>Susie Protschky, Between corporate and familial responsibility: Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen and masculine governance in Europe and the Dutch colonial world, in: Susan Broomhall and Jacqueline van Gent (eds), 'Governing Masculinities: Regulating Selves and Others in the Early Modern Period', Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011, p. 162</ref> The bust was removed from the Mauritshuis in 2017 amidst controversy over Holland's colonial history and Prince John Maurice's role in the slave trade.<ref>Vincent van Velsen, The Mauritshuis Bust and the Volatile Heritage Debate in the Netherlands Template:Webarchive, in Frieze, 5 February 2018</ref> The Mauritshuis museum has denied that the removal had anything to do with the controversy and has stated that the decision was taken on the grounds that the object was solely a copy made of plastic and the museum was unable to offer the necessary historical context for it in the foyer of the Mauritshuis where it was exhibited.<ref>‘’Bust Johan Maurits’’ Template:Webarchive, published on 15 January 2018, at the Mauritshuis website</ref> The museum has since created a webpage dedicated to explaining the role of the Prince in the creation of the museum's building and collection and the museum's current view of the Prince. The statements on the page highlight the key role the Prince played in the slave trade in Brazil and how his immense wealth was likely sourced (in certain cases even in breach of then existing rules) from his involvement in the slave trade.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CollectionEdit

Template:Further The collection of paintings of stadholder William V, Prince of Orange was presented to the Dutch state by his son, King William I. This collection formed the basis of the Royal Cabinet of Paintings of around 200 paintings. The collection is currently called the Royal Picture Gallery. The current collection consists of almost 800 paintings<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and focusses on Dutch and Flemish artists, such as Pieter Brueghel, Paulus Potter, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt van Rijn, Jacob van Ruisdael, Johannes Vermeer, and Rogier van der Weyden. There are also works of Hans Holbein in the collection in the Mauritshuis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Selected exhibitsEdit

AdministrationEdit

File:Den Haag Binnenhof Mauritshuis & Skyline 1.jpg
The Mauritshuis seen next to the Torentje

The Mauritshuis was a state museum until 1995, when it became an independent foundation. It still continues to receive funding from the Dutch central government. For its estimated budget for 2024, the government provided just under a third (5m Euros) of its total budget of 16m Euros.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Prince William V Gallery is also managed by the organisation.<ref name="who"/>

The museum has a staff of around 91 people.<ref name=":0" /> Emilie Elise Saskia Gordenker was museum director from 2008 until 2020. Martine Gosselink assumed the directorship in February 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Victor Moussault served as deputy director from 2007<ref name="who"/> until 2016,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> succeeded by Sander Uitdenbogaard in 2017.

In the period 2005 to 2011, the Mauritshuis saw between 205,000 and 262,000 visitors per year.<ref name="visitors20052008"/><ref name="visitors20092010"/><ref name="annualreport2011">Annual Report 2011 Template:Webarchive, Mauritshuis. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> In 2011, the museum was the 13th most visited museum in the Netherlands.<ref>Template:In lang Top 55 Museumbezoek 2011 Template:Webarchive, Museumvereniging. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> In 2012, when the museum closed for renovation on 1 April, it received 45,981 visitors.<ref name="annualreport2012"/> The museum was closed all of 2013 and was reopened on 27 June 2014.<ref name="reopened"/><ref name="reopening"/> It closed for three months in the spring of 2020 in response to the Covid epidemic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

VisitorsEdit

Year Visitors   Year Visitors   Year Visitors Year Visitors
2005 222,477 (est.)<ref name="visitors20052008">Template:In lang Top 55 Museumbezoek 2010 Template:Webarchive, Museumvereniging. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> 2010 231,795<ref name="visitors20092010"/> 2015 500.476<ref name="visitors2015">Mauritshuis Museum: Annual Report 2015 Template:Webarchive.</ref> 2020 citation CitationClass=web

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2006 244,610 (est.)<ref name="visitors20052008"/> 2011 261,127<ref name="annualreport2011"/> 2016 414.239<ref name="visitors2016">Mauritshuis Museum: Annual Report 2016 Template:Webarchive.</ref> 2021 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2007 230,000 (est.)<ref name="visitors20052008"/> 2012 45,981<ref name="annualreport2012">Annual Report 2012 Template:Webarchive, Mauritshuis. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> 2017 417.227<ref name="visitors2017">Mauritshuis Museum: Annual Report 2017 Template:Webarchive.</ref> 2022 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2008 240,000 (est.)<ref name="visitors20052008"/> 2013 closed<ref name="reopening">Mauritshuis Opening on 27 June 2014 Template:Webarchive (press release), Mauritshuis, 2013. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> 2018 416.334<ref name="visitors2018" /> 2023 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2009 205,678<ref name="visitors20092010">Template:In lang Musea, erfgoed Template:Webarchive, Municipality of The Hague. Retrieved on 21 June 2014.</ref> 2014 322,000 (est.)<ref>Successful inaugural year for Mauritshuis Template:Webarchive (press release), Mauritshuis, 2014. Retrieved on 23 June 2015.</ref> 2019 481,667<ref name=":0" /> 2024 -

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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