Messier 109

Template:Short description {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox galaxy with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"| ignoreblank=y | name | image | image_scale | caption | alt | epoch | pronounce | constellation name | ra | dec | z | h_radial_v | gal_v | dist_pc | dist_ly | group_cluster | type | mass | mass_light_ratio | size | stars | appmag_v | appmag_b | absmag_v | absmag_b | mag_j | mag_h | mag_k| size_v | sbrightness | half_light_radius_pc | half_light_radius_arcminsec | h1_scale_length_pc | h1_scale_length_arcminsec | xray_radius_pc | xray_radius_arcminsec | notes | names | references }} Messier 109 (also known as NGC 3992 or the Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately Template:Nowrap<ref name=ned-dist/> away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. M109 can be seen south-east of the star Phecda (γ UMa, Gamma Ursa Majoris).

History

Messier 109 was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. Two years later Charles Messier catalogued the object, as an appended object to his publication.

Between the 1920s through the 1950s, it was considered that Messier objects over 103 were not official, but later the additions, further referred target objects from Méchain, became more widely accepted. David H. Levy mentions the modern 110 object catalog while Sir Patrick Moore places the limit at 104 objects but has M105 to 109 listed as addenda. By the late 1970s all 110 objects are commonly used among astronomers and remain so.

General information

This galaxy is the most distant object in the Messier Catalog, followed by M91.

M109 has three satellite galaxies (UGC 6923, UGC 6940 and UGC 6969) and possibly more. Detailed hydrogen line observations have been obtained from M109 and its satellites. M109's H I (H one) distribution is regular with a low-level radial extension outside the stellar disc, while in the bar is a central H I hole in the gas distribution. Possibly the gas has been transported inwards by the bar, and because of the emptiness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in the recent past.<ref name="bott"/>

M109 is the brightest galaxy in the M109 Group, a large group of galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major that may number over 50.<ref name="nbg"/><ref name="fouqueetal1992"/><ref name="garcia1993"/><ref name="giuricinetal2002"/>

Supernova

One supernova has been observed in M109: SNTemplate:Nbsp1956A ([[type Ia supernova|typeTemplate:NbspIa]], mag. 12.3) was discovered by H. S. Gates on 8 March 1956, using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory. It was located 67" east and 9" south of the center of the galaxy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Gallery

• M109 NGC 3992.png

  M109 NGC3992, J87 Observatory

• M109HunterWilson09.jpg

  Amateur image of Messier 109

• M109 wfc3 2flat new-1-cropped.jpg

  Core of galaxy M109, Hubble image captured by Wide Field Camera 3

• Messier109Location.png

  Finder chart for galaxy Messier 109 (circled in blue)

See also

• List of Messier objects
• NGC 1300 – a similar barred spiral galaxy

External links

• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

• Template:WikiSky
• M109