Mike Castle

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Michael Newbold Castle (born July 2, 1939) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 69th governor of Delaware from 1985 to 1992 and as the U.S. representative from Template:Ushr from 1993 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.

The district includes the entire state of Delaware and is the oldest intact surviving district in the nation. He was the longest-serving U.S. Representative in the state's history.<ref name=whyy>Template:Cite news</ref> Before his election to Congress, Castle served as a member of the Delaware General Assembly, starting in the State House of Representatives from 1966 to 1967 and then in the State Senate from 1968 to 1976. He was the 20th lieutenant governor of Delaware from 1981 to 1985, and the 69th governor of Delaware from 1985 to 1992.

On October 6, 2009, Castle announced his candidacy in the 2010 special election for the seat in the United States Senate held by Democrat Ted Kaufman.<ref name=announcement>Template:Cite news</ref> Kaufman, appointed by Governor Ruth Ann Minner to fill the vacancy created by Joe Biden (who resigned to become vice president of the United States), was not a candidate in the election.<ref name=kaufman>Template:Cite news</ref> The election determined who would fill the balance of Biden's term, which ended on January 3, 2015. In one of the most surprising election results of 2010, Castle lost the Republican primary to Christine O'Donnell.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He would have been heavily favored in the general election against Democrat Chris Coons, who defeated O'Donnell by 17 percentage points.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Castle is the most recent Republican to represent Delaware in Congress and to date the last Republican elected Governor of Delaware.

Castle is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and education

Castle was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Louisa Johnston (née Bache) and James Manderson Castle Jr.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> One of his maternal great-great-grandfathers was Virginia Senator John W. Johnston, and Castle's fifth great-grandfathers were founding fathers Benjamin Franklin and Daniel Carroll. Castle's father was a patent lawyer for DuPont, a firm so central to the city that it was long known in Wilmington simply as "the company." After graduating from Tower Hill School in 1957, he attended Hamilton College in Clinton, Oneida County, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Hamilton in 1961.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While at Hamilton, Castle was a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity.Template:Citation needed

In 1964, he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C. He was admitted to both the Delaware Bar and the Washington, D.C. Bar that same year.

Family

Michael Castle and Jane DiSabatino married on May 23, 1992; they have no children.

Professional and political career

Following his admission to the bar, Castle returned to Wilmington and joined Connolly, Bove and Lodge, working as an associate (1964–1973) and later partner (1973–1975). A Republican, he served as Deputy Attorney General of Delaware from 1965 to 1966, and was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives in 1966. He served as a state representative for two years before winning a seat in the Delaware Senate, where he remained for eight years. He also served as minority leader from 1975 to 1976.

In 1976, Castle left the state legislature and returned to the full-time practice of law, founding his own firm with Carl Schnee (who was later nominated as U.S. Attorney for the District of Delaware by President Bill Clinton in 1999). He returned to politics in 1980, when he was recruited to run for Lieutenant Governor of Delaware by Governor Pete du Pont. He defeated Democratic state senator Thomas B. Sharp, with 59% to 40% of the vote. He served from 1981 to 1985, and headed panels on education and drunk driving.

Governor of Delaware

File:Castle, Thornburgh, and Weinberger at the Pentagon, July 6, 1982.JPEG

Lt. Governor Castle (left) with Governor Dick Thornburgh of Pennsylvania (center) and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, July 1982.

As the hand-picked choice of the popular Governor du Pont, he easily won election as Governor of Delaware, defeating former Delaware Supreme Court Justice William T. Quillen. In the campaign, Castle was criticized for being a shadow of his mentor and only promising an extension of du Pont's program. voters however re-elected him to another term in 1988 when he defeated Democrat Jacob Kreshtool by 99,479 votes, and is the last time a Republican won a governor election in the state. One of Castle's priorities as governor was welfare reform. [1] Castle cut his second term slightly short when he resigned to begin his first term as U.S. Representative.

United States Representative

File:Castlemn.jpg

Castle during the 109th Congress

Committee assignments

• Committee on Education and Labor
  • Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education (Ranking Member)
  • Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness
• Committee on Financial Services
  • Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
  • Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
  • Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology

In 1992, Castle could not run again for Governor, due to constitutional term limits. The result was what became known as "the Swap." Castle ran for the seat of U.S. Representative Tom Carper and Carper ran for Governor. Delaware's political leadership had quietly worked out the arrangement and retained the services of two very popular office holders.

Castle was first elected U.S. Representative in 1992, defeating former Lieutenant Governor Shien Biau Woo. Since then, he won election by wide margins eight times, defeating Democrats Carol Ann DeSantis in 1994, Dennis E. Williams in 1996 and 1998, Michael C. Miller in 2000 and 2002, Paul Donnelly in 2004, Dennis Spivack in 2006, and Karen Hartley-Nagle in 2008.

Castle was the co-chair of several Congressional caucuses, including the Diabetes Caucus, the Community College Caucus, the Biomedical Research Caucus and the Passenger Rail Caucus. He was also considered one of the most moderate Republicans in the U.S. House. In the wake of Tom DeLay's indictment in September 2005, liberal columnist E.J. Dionne named Castle as one of four lawmakers capable of leading an anticorruption reform of the Republican Party. Castle was a member of various liberal Republican Organizations, such as Republicans For Environmental Protection, The Republican Majority For Choice, Republicans For Choice, and Christine Todd Whitman's Its My Party Too. He is pro-choice and supports some gun control measures.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He voted against a constitutional amendment that would have banned same-sex marriage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The non-partisan National Journal gave Mike Castle an ideological composite score of 59% conservative and 41% liberal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Castle's centrist positions served him well in a state that trended increasingly Democratic during his tenure in the House. Delaware had long been reckoned as a bellwether, but has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1992, due almost entirely to heavily Democratic New Castle County. At the same time, his centrist record made him the target of conservative groups such as Club for Growth, who ranked him the least conservative Republican in the U.S. House in 2008, and RemoveRINOs, who, in April 2010, named him the Ace of Spades on its most-wanted list.

In February 2004, Castle sponsored H.R. 3831 to reauthorize the assault weapons ban of 1994. The bill was co-sponsored by 11 Republican colleagues and 129 Democrats.<ref>Template:USBill</ref> In June 2008, Rep. Mark Kirk, R-IL, introduced H.R. 6257 to reinstate the ban, and Castle was one of the bill's four Republican co-sponsors.<ref>Template:USBill</ref> Both bills died in committee.

Castle cosponsored the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act. The bill proposed expanding the number of embryonic stem cell lines that are eligible for federally funded research, expecting that this funding would generate more research and ultimately greater progress in developing new treatments for a wide range of medical conditions. Presently, the only embryonic stem cell lines eligible for federal funded research were derived before August 9, 2001. This legislation removes that date restriction, along with proposing stronger ethical requirements. After successfully passing both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House, it received U.S. President George W. Bush's first presidential veto in July 2006.

In December 2010, Castle was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" ban on openly gay service members.<ref name=metro_weekly_20101215>Chris Geidner, House Passes DADT Repeal Bill Template:Webarchive, Metro Weekly (December 15, 2010).</ref><ref name=nytimes_20101215>House Vote 638 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Template:Webarchive, New York Times (December 15, 2010).</ref>

During his term in Congress, Castle was known for his interest in numismatics. In 1995, he authored the legislation that created the American Platinum Eagle platinum bullion coin. He later sponsored the legislation that created the 50 State quarters, Sacagawea dollar, presidential dollar coins, and America the Beautiful quarters programs, and several commemorative coins.<ref name=Coin2022>NGC Honors Mike Castle with New Congressional Series Label Template:Webarchive, CoinNews.net (May 6, 2022).</ref> His activity led the Numismatic Guaranty Company to deem him "The Coinage Congressman."<ref name=Coin2022/> Castle drafted one sentence of the 1997 Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Treasury may mint and issue platinum coins in such quantity and of such variety as the Secretary determines to be appropriate." His intent was to make it easier for the Treasury to mint platinum coins for the coin collector market, but the sentence allows the Treasury Department to mint platinum coinage in any denomination. In the event that Congress refused to raise the U.S. debt ceiling, the Treasury could thus mint a trillion-dollar coin to avoid default. This maneuver has been proposed by some commentators, but has never been done.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Castle suffered two minor strokes during the 2006 campaign, but fully recovered. Considering the general Democratic sweep of other offices, he won the election comfortably, but with a greatly reduced margin over previous years. Despite the increased Democratic sweep of the 2008 election, he, unlike many Republicans, managed to increase his margin of victory, winning over Democratic challenger Karen Hartley-Nagle by 23 points. Considering his moderate profile, popularity, and long history of service to the state, his victory was not considered surprising. Castle appeared in the documentary, Keeping the Peace, which focused on Michael Berg's 'anti-war' campaign for Castle's congressional seat in 2006. It premiered at the Philadelphia Independent Film Festival in 2009 and won the Audience Award.

On November 9, 2009, Congressman Castle's District was profiled by Stephen Colbert in his segment "Better Know a District."

2010 Senate campaign

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2010, Congressman Castle ran to be the Republican candidate to fill the seat of former Senator Joe Biden, who had become vice president on January 20, 2009. Castle was defeated in the Republican primary on September 14, 2010, by Christine O'Donnell, the Tea Party favorite. The primary drew 57,000 voters, a small slice of the overall electorate. After the primary, Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind twice polled Delaware voters, running a hypothetical match-up between Castle and the Democratic candidate, Chris Coons; in it, Castle beat Coons by a 21-point margin (54%–34%) and also had a favorable rating of 48% compared to O'Donnell's 34%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Castle refused to support O'Donnell in the Senate campaign against Coons.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Coons went on to defeat O'Donnell decisively in the general election.

In June 2010, Castle was one of only two Republicans to vote in favor of the DISCLOSE Act, intended to limit spending on political campaigns by corporations in the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. The bill requires added disclosure for political spending by corporations and prohibits some corporate political spending.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Town hall

A town hall style meeting organized by Castle to discuss health care reform with constituents<ref name="delawareonline1">[2] Template:Webarchive</ref> was featured on the Drudge Report with the headline "VIDEO: Congressman's town hall erupts over Obama birth certificate ...".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The story was linked to a tape<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> documenting a few minutes of the event and hosted on YouTube. The incident sparked discussion of the topic in relation to the moderate Republican congressman and commentators' surprise at the audience reaction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Castle was heckled and booed after calmly responding to a protester, "If you're referring to the President there, he is a citizen of the United States."<ref name="delawareonline1"/>

Reporting in the international press on the explosion of interest in the subject focused on the central role of the Castle incident. The British newspaper The Guardian reported:

But the real impact has been a video that has garnered hundreds of thousands of hits on the web (in which Congressman) Mike Castle, address(es) a town hall meeting on health care in Delaware last month when a woman suddenly stands up waving a bunch of papers ... The encounter was a warning to Republican officials how far the conspiracy theory has permeated parts of their party.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Post-Congressional service

During the 2016 presidential election Castle endorsed eventual victor Donald Trump after initially backing John Kasich during the Republican primaries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Almanac

Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly take office the second Tuesday of January. State Senators have a four-year term and State Representatives have a two-year term. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor take office the third Tuesday of January and have four-year terms. U.S. Representatives take office January 3 and have a two-year term.Template:Citation needed

Delaware General Assembly (sessions while Governor)
Year	Assembly		Senate Majority	President pro tempore		House Majority	Speaker
1985–1986	133rd		Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic	Template:Party shading/Democratic |Richard S. Cordrey		Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican	Template:Party shading/Republican |Charles L. Hebner
1987–1988	134th		Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic	Template:Party shading/Democratic |Richard S. Cordrey		Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican	Template:Party shading/Republican |B. Bradford Barnes Terry R. Spence
1989–1990	135th		Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic	Template:Party shading/Democratic |Richard S. Cordrey		Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican	Template:Party shading/Republican |Terry R. Spence
1991–1992	136th		Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic	Template:Party shading/Democratic |Richard S. Cordrey		Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican	Template:Party shading/Republican |Terry R. Spence

Public Offices
Office	Type	Location	Began office	Ended office	notes
State Representative	Legislature	Dover	January 10, 1967	January 14, 1969
State Senator	Legislature	Dover	January 14, 1969	January 11, 1977
Lt. Governor	Executive	Dover	January 20, 1981	January 15, 1985
Governor	Executive	Dover	January 15, 1985	December 31, 1992	resigned
U.S. Representative	Legislature	Washington	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2011

Delaware General Assembly service
Dates	Assembly	Chamber	Majority	Governor	District
1967–1968	124th	State House	Democratic	Charles L. Terry Jr.	6th
1969–1970	125th	State Senate	Republican	Russell W. Peterson	1st
1971–1972	126th	State Senate	Republican	Russell W. Peterson	1st
1973–1974	127th	State Senate	Democratic	Sherman W. Tribbitt	1st
1975–1976	128th	State Senate	Democratic	Sherman W. Tribbitt	1st

United States Congressional service
Dates	Congress	Chamber	Majority	President	Committees	Class/District
1993–1995	103rd	U.S. House	Democratic	Bill Clinton	Education, Financial Services	at-large
1995–1997	104th	U.S. House	Republican	Bill Clinton	Education, Financial Services	at-large
1997–1999	105th	U.S. House	Republican	Bill Clinton	Education, Financial Services	at-large
1999–2001	106th	U.S. House	Republican	Bill Clinton	Education, Financial Services	at-large
2001–2003	107th	U.S. House	Republican	George W. Bush	Education, Financial Services	at-large
2003–2005	108th	U.S. House	Republican	George W. Bush	Education, Financial Services	at-large
2005–2007	109th	U.S. House	Republican	George W. Bush	Education, Financial Services	at-large
2007–2009	110th	U.S. House	Democratic	George W. Bush	Education, Financial Services	at-large
2009–2011	111th	U.S. House	Democratic	Barack Obama	Education, Financial Services	at-large

Sources

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

Images

• Profile, Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress; accessed June 16, 2017.

External links

• Template:CongLinks
• Delaware's Governors
• Profile at SourceWatch
• News Meat
• Template:C-SPAN

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