Template:Expand ItalianTemplate:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox public transit

The Milan Metro (Template:Langx) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of Template:Convert, and a total of 125 stations (+2 in construction), mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964;<ref>Milan Opens Its First Metro International Railway Journal February 1965 page 22</ref><ref name="ATM-history">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969,<ref name="ATM-history" /> Line 3 in 1990,<ref name="ATM-history" /> Line 5 (driverless) in 2013,<ref name="ATM-history-it">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Line 4 (driverless) in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

File:Milano progetto metropolitana.svg
The first project for the network in 1952.

The first projects for a subway line in Milan were drawn up in 1914 and 1925, following the examples of underground transport networks in other European cities such as London and Paris. Planning proceeded in 1938 for the construction of a system of 7 lines, but this too halted after the start of World War II and due to lack of funds.<ref name=mmstoria>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 3 July 1952, the city administration voted for a project of a metro system<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and on 6 October 1955, a new company, Metropolitana Milanese, was created to manage the construction of the new infrastructure.<ref name=mmstoria /> The project was funded with 500 million from the municipality and the rest from a loan. The construction site of the first line was opened in viale Monte Rosa on 4 May 1957.<ref name=mmstoria /> Stations on the new line were designed by Franco Albini and Franca Helg architecture studio, while Bob Noorda designed the signage.<ref name=mmstoria /> For this project both Albini-Helg and Noorda won the Compasso d'Oro prize.

The first section from Lotto to Sesto Marelli (21 stations) was opened on 1 November 1964 after 7 years of construction works. Two trains adorned with Italian flags left at 10.41 a.m. and arrived at the Sesto Marelli terminus at 11.15 a.m., greeted by the notes of the national anthem and the triumphal march of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Aida". The track was Template:Convert long, and the mean distance between the stations was Template:Convert.<ref name=CRstoria>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the same year, in April, works on the second line started. Passengers on the network grew constantly through the first years of service, passing from 37,092,315 in 1965 to 61,937,192 in 1969.<ref name=CRstoria />

The green line from Caiazzo to Cascina Gobba (7 stations) opened five years later. During the 1960s and 1970s the network of 2 lines was completed, and both lines had 2 different spurs. In 1978, the lines were already Template:Convert and Template:Convert long respectively, with 28 and 22 stations.<ref name=CRstoria />

The first section of the third line (yellow), with 5 stations, was opened on 3 May 1990 after almost 9 years of construction works. The line opened just before the World Cup. The other 9 stations on Line 3 opened to the southeast in 1991, and northwest to Maciachini Station in 2004.

In March 2005, the Line 2 Abbiategrasso station (south branch from Famagosta) and the Line 1 Rho Fiera station opened. The intermediate station of Pero, on line 1, opened in December 2005. A north extension of Line 3 to Comasina (4 stations) and a new south branch on the Line 2 to Assago (2 stations) opened in early 2011.

The first stage of the Line 5 (the first automated line of the network), covering the Template:Convert from Bignami to Zara, in the northern part of the municipality, opened on 10 February 2013.<ref name="RGI-2013-10-06">Template:Cite journal</ref> The Template:Convert second stage, from Zara to Garibaldi FS, opened on 1 March 2014.<ref name="RGI-2014-03-07">Template:Cite journal</ref> The Template:Convert third stage, from Garibaldi FS to San Siro Stadio, in the west of the city, opened on 29 April 2015, with some intermediate stations not in service at that time;<ref name="eurotransport-2015-05-01">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="IRJ-2015-05-01">Template:Cite journal</ref> as of November 2015, all the stations have been opened.

The metro replaced several interurban tramroutes of the original Società Trazione Elettrica Lombarda (STEL) tramlines, in particular the Line 2 to Gessate.

In November 2022, the first six stations of the automated line 4 were opened, from Linate airport to Dateo; it was the first metro line to be inaugurated without any connection to the rest of the system, instead relying on a connection to the suburban railway network at Dateo railway station;<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> the line was extended in 2023 to San Babila, linking it to line 1,<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> and in 2024 to San Crisforo FS, another railway station, in the city west.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

TimelineEdit

InfrastructureEdit

LinesEdit

The system comprises 5 lines. All the lines run underground except for the northern part of Line 2 and the Line 2 Assago branch.

There are 9 interchange stations, each with 2 lines: Loreto (Lines 1 and 2); Cadorna (Lines 1 and 2), terminus of Ferrovienord railway network, Centrale (Lines 2 and 3), also Milan's main train station; Duomo (Lines 1 and 3), considered the center of the city; Zara (Lines 3 and 5); Garibaldi (Lines 2 and 5), also a major railway station; Lotto (Lines 1 and 5); San Babila (Lines 1 and 4) and Sant’Ambrogio (Lines 2 and 4)

As of 2012, existing lines ran in the Milan municipality for 80% of the total length (92 stations), and the network covered about 20% of Milan's urban area.<ref name="MMintro">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Beside Milan, 13 other neighbouring municipalities are served: Assago, Bussero, Cassina de' Pecchi, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Cologno Monzese, Gessate, Gorgonzola, Pero, Rho, San Donato Milanese, Segrate, Sesto San Giovanni, Vimodrone.

The metro network is also linked with the suburban rail service, with 14 interchange stations: Affori FN, Cadorna FN, Dateo, Domodossola, Stazione Forlanini, Garibaldi FS, Lambrate FS, San Cristoforo FS, Lodi T.I.B.B. (with the nearby Porta Romana station), Porta Venezia, Repubblica, Rho Fiera, Rogoredo FS, Romolo and Sesto 1º Maggio. <ref>see List of Milan Metro stations.</ref>

The track gauge for all lines is the Template:RailGauge. Platform screen doors are present in all stations on Line 4 and Line 5 and on some stations on Line 1.

Template:See also

Line Terminals Opened<ref name="ATM-history" /><ref name="ATM-history-it" /> Latest
extension
Length (km)
Template:Citation needed
Stations Avg. station
distance (km)
Template:Ric Rho Fiera / Bisceglie Sesto 1º Maggio 1964 2005 26.7 38 0.727
Template:Ric Assago Milanofiori Forum / Abbiategrasso Cologno Nord / Gessate 1969 2011 39.9 35 1.159
Template:Ric Comasina San Donato 1990 2011 17.3 21 0.835
Template:Ric Linate Aeroporto San Cristoforo FS 2022 2024 15 21 0.723
Template:Ric San Siro Stadio Bignami 2013 2015 12.9 19 0.763

Network MapEdit

Template:Rapid transit OSM map

Power supplyEdit

File:Milan M1 train fourth-rail contact shoe.jpg
An M1 train with one of the fourth-rail contact shoes

Lines 2 and 3 use overhead lines to supply the electric current to the train and are electrified at 1500 V DC. Line 1, electrified at 750 V DC, uses a fourth rail system, although the same line also supports overhead lines in some stretches and depots; this allows Line 2 and 3 trains to use Line 1 tracks to reach a depot placed on the line. Line 4 and Line 5 trains are supplied by a third rail system at 750 V DC.

SignallingEdit

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Passenger informationEdit

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File:Display metropolitana Milano.jpg
An M3 LED screen announcing the waiting time
File:Staz Cascina Burrona interno.JPG
Cascina Burrona stop on the M2 Gessate branch, an example of a surface suburban stop

All the stations are provided with LED screens showing the destination and waiting time of coming trains. In every station, a recorded voice announces the direction of every approaching train and, at the platform, the name of the station. While older trains have no on-train information, the new Meneghino and Leonardo trains and the driverless trains on Line 5 are equipped with displays and recorded announcements in Italian and in English.

Mobile phone coverageEdit

Since December 2009 all stations and trains of the Milan metro have full UMTS and HSDPA connectivity.<ref name=mp1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mobile operators TIM and Vodafone also provide LTE connectivity in all lines.

Rolling stockEdit

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File:Milano, Deposito Rogoredo VL01.JPG
M3 rolling stock at the Rogoredo depot

The first 3 lines are heavy rapid-transit lines, with 6-cars trains, about 105 m in length. Line 4 and Line 5 are light metro lines, with 4-cars trains, about 50 m long.<ref name="MM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Line 4 and Line 5 are equipped with the same driverless trains made from Hitachi though they have different interior configurations (M4 trains have a seat arrangement similar to those of the first 3 lines).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ServiceEdit

TicketsEdit

File:Milan urban tickets and smartcard.JPG
Former Milan urban tickets from Trenord (top left) and ATM (bottom left). An Itinero smart card, with name, photo and card number covered (right).

A standard ticket costs €2.20 and is valid for 90 minutes since its validation on metro, tram, bus, trolleybus and suburban lines within Milan and 21 bordering municipalities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other tickets are available as well, such as daily, weekly, monthly, annual, student and senior passes. Additional fares are required to travel outside Milan and the 21 bordering municipalities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Paper tickets can be substituted by contactless bank cards payments, provided the trip starts in the metro, by tapping in the orange gates installed in every metro station.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This payment method is not available on suburban lines; it was expected to be implemented on trams and buses starting by the end of 2019;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it was eventually introduced in December 2020 on three urban bus lines, with plans for coverage on all the network by 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Between 2004 and 2007 ATM introduced Itinero smartcard, a proximity card which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of tickets. At the beginning of 2010, a new smartcard, RicaricaMi, was introduced. The new card can be charged up with credit and can be used for travel<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in place of magnetic paper tickets, on the model of London's Oyster card.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Milan metro lines can be accessed also with the regional integrated ticket "Io viaggio ovunque in Lombardia", as 1 to 7 days tickets or longer subscriptions using the smartcard "Io Viaggio".

Opening hoursEdit

The service starts at about 5:40 am and ends at about 0:30. During Sundays and holidays service usually starts later and ends a bit later, depending on the occasion.<ref name=orari>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> M5 stations Segesta and San Siro Ippodromo typically close after events at nearby Meazza Stadium to avoid passenger congestion.Template:Cn

Headways at peak hours vary from two minutes on M1 and M2’s main-branches to three minutes on M3, with secondary-branch headways doubling, at around four minutes. Driverless rolling stock on M4 and M5 allow for more frequent service, with headways as low as ninety seconds during peak hours.<ref name=orari />

Night serviceEdit

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} }} A night service has operated since 2015 with buses for line M1, M2, M3 and, from 2022, M4. The bus service follows roughly the same route and stops at the same stations of the metro for most of the central part. The entire lines 1, 3 and 4 and the urban section of line 2 (Abbiategrasso-Cascina Gobba) are covered by the service. For M1 the night bus service its divided in 3 lines and continues to Baggio, well over the metro path.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The future networkEdit

The metro system is currently expanding. An extension of Line 1 from Sesto 1º Maggio to Cinisello/Monza, towards the city of Cinisello Balsamo, is currently under construction. The track will be Template:Convert long with an intermediate station at Sesto Restellone. The completion has been delayed several times, and is now scheduled for 2027.<ref name=ilgiornom1/> There is a project for a further 3 km extension of Line 1 to the west into Baggio, a neighbourhood on the eastern border of the municipality.

An extension of Line 2 from Cologno Nord to Vimercate is planned. The section will be Template:Convert long with 6 stations (Brugherio, Carugate, Agrate Colleoni, Concorezzo, Vimercate Torri Bianche, Vimercate). The track will be mostly underground (83%).<ref name=comune-future>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Line 3 is planned to be extended in some form (by metro or some less expensive means) to the south-east from San Donato to Paullo: Template:Convert with intermediate stations in the city of San Donato, Peschiera Borromeo, Mediglia, Caleppio Cerca, Paullo and Paullo East, the first 3 being underground and the other on the surface.<ref name=comune-future /> The project is currently on hold.

File:Milano - mappa rete metropolitana (geografica).svg
Geographic map of the current network and the lines under construction
File:ForlaniniFS-metro4.jpg
Forlanini FS station on Line 4 under construction in 2016

The last phase of line 4, from the city centre in San Babila to San Cristoforo railway station in the south-west, near the municipal border with Buccinasco and Corsico, opened in October 2024. Further extensions to Segrate train station in the east and to Buccinasco are planned, though not yet in construction.Template:Cn

Line 5 is planned to be extended to Cinisello/Monza,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> where it will intersect with line 1 a second time at Template:Ill, and then to Monza city centre and west side.

Milan Metro extensions under construction or planned
Line citation CitationClass=web

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Phase<ref name="autogenerato22" /> Scheduled opening Length New stations
Template:Ric Sesto 1° Maggio – Cinisello/Monza Under construction 2027<ref name=ilgiornom1>Template:Cite news</ref> 1.9 km 2
Bisceglie – Baggio Approved (expected start of works: 2024)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 3 km 3
Template:Ric Cologno Nord - Vimercate Design 9.7 km 5
Gessate - Trezzo sull'Adda Design 8 km 4
Template:Ric San Donato – Paullo Est Design 14.8 km 6
Template:Ric Linate Airport - Segrate Design 2.5 km 2
Template:Ric Bignami - Cinisello/Monza Approved (expected start of works: 2023) 2031 13.2 km 12
San Siro Stadio - Settimo Milanese Design 4.5 km 4

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Template:Urban rail transport in Milan Template:Urban public transport in Italy Template:Underground rapid transit in the European Union Template:Internationally Metro Organizations