Minyanka language

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Minyanka (also known as Mamara, Miniyanka, Minya, Mianka, Minianka, or Tupiire) is a northern Senufo language spoken by about 750,000 people in southeastern Mali. It is closely related to Supyire. Minyanka is one of the national languages of Mali.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial			Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Labio- velar	Pharyn- geal	Glottal
		plain	lab.	pal.			plain	pal.
Nasal		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link
Plosive	voiceless	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link
	voiced	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	prenasal	Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Fricative	voiceless	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link					(Template:IPA link)
	voiced	Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link				(Template:IPA link)	(Template:IPA link)
Rhotic					Template:IPA link
Approximant					Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link

• A pharyngeal fricative [ʕ] is also typically heard when in between vowels, or as an allophone of /ɡ/ when in intervocalic position.
• Glottal sounds [h, ɦ] are only heard in the Bla dialect, instead of labio-velar sounds /k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m/.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Sounds /k, ɡ/ can also be heard as fricatives [x, ɣ] when in intervocalic positions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	Template:IPA link Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Close-mid	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Open-mid	Template:IPA link Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Open		Template:IPA link Template:IPA link

• /u/ can also be heard as [y] when in the position of /j/.
• /o/ can also be heard as [œ] when before a glottal /ʔ/.

See also

• Senufo language

Further reading

• Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia (ed. by Miehe, Gudrun; Reineke, Brigitte; Roncador, Manfred von) (1999) Phénomènes de contact entre les langues Minyanka et Bambara (Sud du Mali). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
• Prost, André (1964) Contributrion à l'étude des langues Voltaiques. Dakar: Institut Francophone de l'Afrique Noire.

External links

• Minyanka-French-Bambara-English Dictionary to view online or download, from the Association for the Promotion of the Mamara language, Koutiala, Mali.
• Resources in Mamara from SIL Mali
• PanAfrican L10n page on Suppire/Minianka

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