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Mitsubishi Astron engine

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Template:Infobox automobile engine The Mitsubishi Astron or 4G5/4D5 engine, is a series of straight-four internal combustion engines first built by Mitsubishi Motors in 1972. Engine displacement ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 litres, making it one of the largest four-cylinder engines of its time.

DesignEdit

It employed a hemispherical cylinder head, chain-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) and eight valves (two per cylinder). United States passenger car versions had a small secondary intake valve referred to as the "Jet Valve". This valve induced swirl in the intake charge, enabling the use of leaner fuel/air mixtures for lower emissions. It was designed as a cartridge containing the valve spring and seat which simply screwed into a threaded hole in the head, similar to a spark plug but inside the cam cover. The rocker arms for the intake valve were widened on the valve end to accommodate the cartridge, which was equipped with a very soft valve spring in order to avoid wear on the camshaft intake lobe. Modifications to the head were thereby reduced as the Jet Valve negated the necessity for a three-valve-per-cylinder design.<ref name="mcajet">"Development of a New Combustion System (MCA-JET) in Gasoline Engine", Hirokazu Nakamura, Tsuneo Ohinouye, Kenji Hori, Yuhiko Kiyota, Tatsuro Nakagami, Katsuo Akishino, Yutaka Tsukamoto, SAE International, February 1978</ref>

In 1975, the Astron 80 introduced a system dubbed "Silent Shaft": the first use of twin balance shafts in a modern engine. It followed the designs of Frederick Lanchester, whose original patents Mitsubishi had obtained, and proved influential as Fiat/Lancia, Saab and Porsche all licensed this technology.

The 4D5 engine is a range of four-cylinder belt-driven overhead camshaft diesel engines which were part of the "Astron" family, and introduced in 1980 in the then new fifth generation Galant. As the first turbodiesel to be offered in a Japanese passenger car, it proved popular in the emerging SUV and minivan markets where Mitsubishi was highly successful, until superseded by the 4M4 range in 1993. However, production of the 4D5 (4D56) continued throughout the 1990s as a lower-cost option than the more modern powerplants. Until now it is still in production, but made into a modern powerplant by putting a common rail direct injection fuel system into the engine.

Template:Anchor 4G51 (1.85 liters)Edit

The 4G51 displaces Template:Cvt.

Applications:

Template:Anchor 4G52 (2.0 liters)Edit

The 4G52 displaces Template:Cvt. Peak power for a 1975 Canter is Template:Cvt, but power increased to as much as Template:Cvt for the twin-carb version fitted to the Galant GTO GSR and A115 Galant GS-II.

Used an Template:Cvt bore and stroke. In Australia this engine was used in the Sigma, Scorpion and L200.

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Template:Anchor 4G53 (2.4 liters)Edit

The SOHC eight-valve 4G53 displaces Template:Cvt, with bore & stroke at Template:Cvt. Peak power is Template:Cvt at 5000 rpm,<ref name="Rosa50.8">Template:Citation</ref> as fitted to the Rosa bus or the Canter cabover truck. This engine shares its dimensions with the contemporary Fuso 4DR1 diesel engine.

Applications

Template:Anchor 4G54 (2.6 liters)Edit

The SOHC eight-valve 4G54 (also known as the G54B) displaces Template:Cvt, with bore & stroke at Template:Cvt. The G54B for the US market had a cylinder head with additional jet valves to improve emissions (MCA-Jet system). The engine was fitted to various Mitsubishi models from 1978 to 1997 and to the American Chrysler K-cars and their derivatives between 1981 and 1987. It was primarily set up longitudinally for use in rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive platforms but also as a transverse engine in the front-wheel drive platform of the Mitsubishi Magna and Chrysler K platform. Chrysler commonly marketed the engine "Hemi," whereas the Australian-made version was marketed as the "Astron II" and featured "Balance Shaft" technology, which was subsequently licensed to Porsche and other automakers. The original engine featured a Mikuni two-barrel carburetor with a secondary vacuum actuator; later versions adopted EFI. Chrysler commonly paired this engine with its A470 3-speed automatic transmission; in Australia, Mitsubishi adapted it to a 5-speed manual transmission and its "ELC" (Electronic Control) 4-speed automatic transmission, featuring electronic overdrive. Chrysler eventually replaced the 4G54 with its own 2.5 L engine, whereas Mitsubishi replaced it with a 2.4 L engine codenamed 4G64.

Specifications:

ECI-MultiEdit

Multi-point fuel injection

CarburetorEdit

Single two-Venturi downdraught carburetor. Template:Cvt at 5000 rpm (91 RON), Template:Cvt at 3000 rpm (91 RON). Compression ratio: 8.8:1

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Template:Anchor 4G55 (2.3 liters)Edit

The 4G55 displaces Template:Cvt.

Template:Anchor 4D55 (2.3 liters diesel)Edit

Displacement - Template:Cvt
Bore x Stroke - Template:Cvt
Fuel Type - Diesel
Valves per cylinder - 2<ref name=MTB84>1984 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure</ref><ref name=MTB85>1985 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure</ref><ref name=FRB87>1987 Ford Ranger Brochure</ref>

Non-TurboEdit

Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm (SAE)
Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm (SAE)

Turbo (TC05 non-wastegated turbo)Edit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4000 rpm (SAE)
  • Torque - Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm (SAE)
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Compression ratio - 21.0:1 (Template:Cvt)<ref>1983 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure</ref>
  • Applications - 1980-1983

Turbo (TD04 wastegated turbo)Edit

Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm (DIN)<ref name="AR83"/>
Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm (SAE)
Template:Cvt at 2500 rpm (DIN)
Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm (SAE)

Template:Anchor 4D56 (2.5 liters diesel)Edit

File:1991 Mitsubishi Pajero 2.5TD Wagon 4D56 engine.jpg
Turbocharged and intercooled 4D56 engine in a 1991 Mitsubishi Pajero

Displacement - Template:Cvt
Bore x Stroke - Template:Cvt
Fuel type - DIESEL

This engine is also built by Hyundai in South Korea, meaning it also sees use in some products made by their Kia subsidiary. Hyundai calls it the D4BA/D4BX (normally aspirated), D4BF (non-intercooled turbo), or D4BH (intercooled turbo).

Non-TurboEdit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm
  • Torque - Template:Cvt at 2500 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Fuel system - Distribution type jet pump
  • Compression ratio - 21.0:1

Non-intercooled TurboEdit

Intercooled Turbo (TD04 Turbo)Edit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4200 rpm
  • Torque - Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Fuel system - Distribution type jet pump
  • Compression ratio - 21.0:1<ref name="jim4x4.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Intercooled Turbo (TD04 water-cooled Turbo)Edit

Also known as Hyundai D4BH<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Intercooled Turbo TF035HL2 (1st Generation DI-D)Edit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4000 rpm
  • Torque - Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder
  • Fuel system - 1st Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 17.0:1<ref name="jim4x4.com"/><ref name="samautogroup.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="mike4x4.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Intercooled Turbo (2nd Generation DI-D)Edit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4000 rpm
  • Torque - Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm.
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder DOHC 16 valve
  • Fuel system - 2nd Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 17.0:1<ref name="jim4x4.com"/><ref name="samautogroup.com"/><ref name="mike4x4.com"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Intercooled Turbo (3rd Generation DI-D with variable geometry turbo)Edit

  • Power - Template:Cvt at 4000 rpm<ref name="Mitsubishi L200 UK website">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Torque - Manual transmission: Template:Cvt at 2000 rpm<ref name="Mitsubishi L200 UK website"/>
- Automatic transmission: Template:Cvt at 1800 rpm<ref name="Mitsubishi L200 UK website"/>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Mitsubishi Motors technologies

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