Mount Fairweather

Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox mountain

Mount FairweatherTemplate:Efn (or Tsalxaan in the Tlingit language<ref name="placenames">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) is a mountain located Template:Convert east of the Pacific Ocean on the Canada–United States border. With an elevation of Template:Convert, it is the tallest mountain in British Columbia and the seventh-tallest mountain in both Alaska and the United States. Fairweather is part of the Saint Elias Mountains and mostly lies within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, though the summit borders Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park.

After a failed attempt in 1926, Fairweather was first climbed in 1931 by Allen Carpé and Terris Moore.<ref name=Scott2000/><ref name=gnis/>

NamingEdit

It is said this mountain and Yaas'éit'aa Shaa (Mt. St. Elias) were originally next to each other but had an argument and separated. Their children, the mountains in between the two peaks, are called Tsalxaan Yatx'i (Children of Tsalxaan.)Template:Citation needed

The colonial name for the mountain came from Captain James Cook,<ref name="aaj_1982">Terris Moore, "Mount Fairweather, Correction", American Alpine Journal 1982, p. 139. He cites Cook and King Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, Volume II, Admiralty, London, 1784, p. 345.</ref> on May 3, 1778 apparently for the unusually good weather encountered at the time.

The mountain has also gained several names from different languages:<ref name=gnis>Template:Cite gnis</ref>

"Mt. Beautemps" by La Perouse (1786, atlas)
"Mte. Buen-tiempo" by Galiano (1802, map 3)
"Gor[a]-Khoroshy-pogody" on Russian Hydrographic Dept. Chart 1378 in 1847
"G[ora] Fayerveder" by Captain Tebenkov (1852, map 7), Imperial Russian Navy
"Schönwetterberg" by Constantin Grewingk in 1850
"Schönwetter Berg" by Justus Perthes in 1882

GeographyEdit

Mount Fairweather is located right above Glacier Bay in the Fairweather Range of the Saint Elias Mountains. Mount Fairweather also marks the northwest extremity of the Alaska Panhandle.

Like many peaks in the St. Elias Mountains, Mount Fairweather has great vertical relief due to its dramatic rise from Glacier Bay. However, due to often inclement weather in the area, this effect is usually obscured with the clouds which often hides the summit from view.

WeatherEdit

Despite its name, Mount Fairweather has generally harsh weather conditions, especially in the winter months, affected by intense North Pacific low pressure systems arriving from the Gulf of Alaska. It receives over Template:Convert of precipitation each year (mostly snow) and sees temperatures of around Template:Convert.Template:Citation needed

Climbing historyEdit

No documented attempt at climbing the mountain had been successful until 1931.

1926 Allen Carpe, Andy Taylor and W.S. Ladd reached Template:Convert on the West Ridge, but were forced back due to a steep notch in the ridge that made ferrying supplies very difficult.<ref name=Scott2000/>
1930 Bradford Washburn also made an attempt on the West Ridge but traveling conditions forced a retreat at Template:Convert.<ref name=Scott2000/>
1931 Allen Carpe and Terris Moore summited via the Southeast Ridge on June 8, 1931<ref name=Scott2000/><ref name=gnis/>
1958 Paddy Sherman and 7 other Canadians reached the summit via the SE Ridge on June 26, 1958.<ref name=AAJ1974/>
1968 West Ridge, Loren Adkins, Walter Gove, Paul Myhre, John Neal and Kent Stokes – summit reached June 12, 1968<ref name=AAJ1969/>
1973 Southwest Ridge, Peter Metcalf, Henry Florschutz, Toby O'Brien and Lincoln Stoller. Summit reached on July 10, 1973.<ref name=AAJ1974/>
1981 Southeast Ridge from the ocean, Gary Clark, Kim Grandfield, David Lunn. 19 days from Sea Otter Beach and back, Summit reached on May 31, bivouac in crevasse under summit.<ref name=AAJ1974/>

First Documented AscentEdit

File:Mount Fairweather mountaineering.jpg

The north face of Mt. Fairweather centered

File:The Southeast (Carpé) Ridge of Mt. Fairweather.jpg

The SE Ridge (Carpé) Ridge rises fom the right side of the photo

After failing to reach the summit in 1926 due to terrain difficulty on their chosen route, Allen Carpe, W.S. Ladd, Andy Taylor returned in 1931 along with a new member Terris Moore. In early April the group began their approach by boat but stormy weather delayed them rounding Cape Fairweather until April 17. They reached Lituya Bay and unloaded their supplies on the beach. Backtracking Template:Convert along the coast, they made their way to the Fairweather Glacier. From base camp in a spot they called Paradise Valley, they decided to attempt the mountain from the south rather than via the west ridge. Due to deep snow, they realized that skis and snowshoes would be of great help so Carpe and Moore made the Template:Convert round trip to fetch them from Lituya Bay.<ref name=Scott2000/>

They ascended the glacier from base camp and setup camp at Template:Convert on the mountain's south face. On May 25, they established high camp at Template:Convert after making significant progress up a ridge on a rare day of good weather. However, the weather turned and they were forced to descend after an overnight coating of snow. After waiting out the snowstorm for six days at lower camp, they made their way back up to high camp on June 2. They left for the summit at 1:30 am on June 3 and having reached the southeast shoulder by mid-morning, they were feeling so confident that they left the willow wands behind. However, higher altitude and the weeks of hard effort slowed their progress and then the weather changed. By 1 pm not far from the summit, they decided to retreat and had to descend without the wands to guide them. They managed to reach the tents by 4 pm. Ladd and Taylor volunteered to descend due to dwindling supplies at high camp with the hope that Carpe and Moore would be able to make another attempt in good weather. The storm raged for four days before it finally cleared in the evening on June 7. At 10 pm, Carpe and Moore set out for the summit and with no further difficulties made it to the top.<ref name=Scott2000/>