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Mrinal Sen

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Mrinal Sen ({{#invoke:IPA|main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; 14 May 1923 – 30 December 2018) was a Bengali film director and screenwriter known for his work primarily in Bengali, and a few Hindi and Telugu language films. Regarded as one of the finest Indian filmmakers, along with his contemporaries Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Tapan Sinha, Sen played a major role in India's parallel cinema movement, which offered a realistic, socially aware counterpoint to splashy Bollywood films, as well as in the country's New Wave cinema.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=rediff>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also served as the President of FTII from 1984 to 1986.

Sen received various national and international honors including eighteen Indian National Film Awards. The Government of India honored him with the Padma Bhushan, and the Government of France honored him with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, while Russian Government honored him with the Order of Friendship. Sen was also awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest award for filmmakers in India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He was one of the few Indian filmmakers to have won awards at the big three film festivals viz., Cannes, Venice and the Berlinale.<ref name=rediff/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sen was a self described "private Marxist".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Mrinal was born into a Hindu family in Faridpur district, East Bengal—now Bangladesh. His father, Dineshchandra Sen, was a lawyer who supported Indian freedom fighters.<ref name=":0" /> His mother was Saraju Sen.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In the early 1940s, Mrinal moved to Kolkata to study physics at Scottish Church College.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> Like many middle-class students of the time, he was drawn to student politics, public theatre, and the struggle to find work. After Partition in 1947, his family settled in Kolkata permanently.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>

A voracious reader, he spent hours at the National Library of India (then the Imperial Library), reading books amid the political unrest of the time. In the evenings, he worked as a private tutor. One day, he came across Rudolf Arnheim’s Film as Art, followed by Vladimir Nilsen's The Cinema as a Graphic Art—books that profoundly influenced his journey into filmmaking.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

He became involved with the Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA), backed by the Communist Party of India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He and his friends—Ritwik Ghatak, Salil Chowdhury, Tapan Sinha, and occasionally Bijan Bhattacharya—spent hours in adda, a Bengali tradition of intense, freewheeling discussions on art, politics, and life. Their favorite meeting place was a restaurant near Basusree Cinemahall, where, in 1955, they first watched Satyajit Ray’s Pather Panchali.<ref name=":0" />

Around this time, Mrinal met Geeta Shome (née Sen), whom he married in 1953. As a token of his affection, the first gift he gave her was Notes from the Gallows by Julius Fučík.<ref name=":0" />

InfluenceEdit

Mrinal Sen directed Bhuvan Shome (Mr. Shome, 1969) which initiated the "New Wave Cinema Movement" in India.<ref name=newcinema>Template:Cite book</ref>

Film craft, Social context and its political influenceEdit

The films that he made next were essentially political, and earned him the reputation as a Marxist artist.<ref name=thorval>Template:Cite book</ref> This was also the time of large-scale political unrest throughout India. Particularly in and around Calcutta, this period underwent what is now known as the Naxalite movement. This phase was immediately followed by a series of films where he shifted his focus, and instead of looking for enemies outside, he looked for the enemy within his own middle class society. This was arguably his most creative phase.

Depiction of KolkataEdit

In many Mrinal Sen movies from Punascha (1961) to Mahaprithivi (1992), Kolkata features prominently. He has shown Kolkata as a character, and as an inspiration. He has beautifully woven the people, value system, class difference and the roads of the city into his movies and coming of age for Kolkata, his El-Dorado.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

RecognitionEdit

In 1982 he was a member of the jury at the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival.<ref name="berlinale 1982">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1983 he was a member of the jury at the 13th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1983">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1997 Sen became the member of the jury at the 20th Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1997">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 24 July 2012, Sen was not invited to the function organised by Government of West Bengal to felicitate film personalities from the State. As per reports, his political views are believed to be the reason for his omission from the function.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

DeathEdit

Sen had age-related ailments for many years. He died on 30 December 2018 at the age of 95 at his home in Bhawanipore, Kolkata.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The cause was a heart attack.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

AwardsEdit

National Film AwardsEdit

Best Feature Film

Second Best Feature Film

Best Direction

Best Screenplay

Special Mention

  • 1978: Parashuram

Best Regional Film AwardsEdit

Best Feature Film in Bengali

Best Feature Film in Telugu

Filmfare AwardsEdit

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International awardsEdit

4th International Film Festival of India - Jury Prize - Bhuvan Shome - 1969<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Berlin International Film Festival
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State and institutional honorsEdit

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  • In 2009, he was awarded an honorary D. Litt., by the University of Calcutta.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • In 2017, he was inducted as a member of the Oscar Academy<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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FilmographyEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

NotesEdit

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External linksEdit

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