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Murwillumbah

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Template:Short description Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Australian place

Murwillumbah (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a town in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, in the Tweed Shire, on the Tweed River. Sitting on the south eastern foothills of the McPherson Range in the Tweed Volcano valley, Murwillumbah is 848 km north-east of Sydney, 13 km south of the Queensland border and 132 km south of Brisbane.

The town's name is often abbreviated to M'bah<ref>"M'bah rail too costly: report" by Saffron Howden, Tweed Daily News (18 April 2009)</ref> or Murbah.<ref>"Crittle set to tackle Murbah" by Jamie Gallagher and Geoff Campbell, Tweed Daily News (15 December 2009)</ref> At the 2021 census, Murwillumbah had a population of 9,812.<ref name="ABS2021" /> Many of the buildings are Art Deco in style and there are cafes, clothes shops and antique shops in the town.

HistoryEdit

File:StateLibQld 1 241283 Main street of Murwillumbah, ca. 1905.jpg
Main street, Template:Circa

The first people to live in the area were Kalibai people. The name Murwillumbah may derive from an Aboriginal compound meaning either "camping place" – from murrie, meaning "aboriginal people", wolli, "a camp", and bah, "place" – or alternatively from murra, "big", willum, "possum", and bah.<ref>J. S. Ryan, 'Some Aboriginal Place-Names in the Richmond Tweed Area,' Oceania September 1963, volume 34, no. 1, pages = 38-55, p.42</ref> Nearby Mount Warning and its attendant national park are known as Wollumbin, meaning "Cloud Catcher", in the Bundjalung language.

Timber-getters were drawn to the region in the 1840s.<ref name="att" /> The river port at Tumbulgum was initially the main settlement. In 1902, a local government municipality was declared with Murwillumbah as its centre.<ref name="att">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Most of the town's business district was destroyed by fire in 1907.<ref name="mabh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

In 1918 an initial 18 allotments were advertised for sale in the Hartigan Estate and a subsequent 200 allotments were advertised for sale in September 1920.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The land was bounded by the Tweed River and Commercial Road on the east, Condong Street on the north, Riverview Street on the west and Elizabeth Street to the south.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The subdivision was sold as part of the estate of Denis Hartigan.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> In December 1923, "Bray Estate" made up of 9 farm and farmlet blocks was advertised to be auctioned by A. E. Budd & Son.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Murwillumbah was the location of Australia's largest<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> bank robbery, when A$1.7 million in cash was stolen from the vault of the Bank of New South Wales by the 'Magnetic drill gang' in 1978. The case remains unsolved.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In November 2023, fire ants were discovered at Murwillumbah, the first time the species has been found outside of South East Queensland since the outbreak began in 2001.<ref name="nfd">Template:Cite news</ref>

FloodsEdit

Murwillumbah is protected by a series of levees,<ref name="fp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref> but they do not protect all parts of the town in major floods. The worst inundation, exceeding those of 1954,<ref name="fp" /> 1956,<ref name="mabh" /> 1974, 2008 and 2009, started on 30 March 2017. The Tweed River reached Template:Convert after rainfall of over Template:Convert from the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Debbie fell in its upper catchment over a 36-hour period. There was extensive and severe flooding, with mass evacuations from South Murwillumbah and other low-lying areas, and road access cut from both north and south. It fell just short of overtopping the Template:Convert levees protecting the central business district.

The March 1974 flood caused two hundred people to be evacuated from the town after floodwater from Tropical Cyclone Zoe inundated the area.<ref name="htci">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2008, Murwillumbah and its surrounding areas were hit by severe flooding,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while May 2009 saw more evacuations in the town and surrounds after very heavy rainfall.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Major flooding also occurred in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 2022 floods were the worst seen on record. Even worse than 2017, much of Murwillumbah was inundated.

Heritage listingsEdit

Murwillumbah has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

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TransportEdit

File:Murwillumbah sign.JPG
Murwillumbah sign

The Pacific Highway passed through South Murwillumbah, but the town was completely bypassed when the 27 kilometre dual carriageway Yelgun to Chinderah upgrade was opened in August 2002. The pre-existing highway, now significantly quieter, was renamed The Tweed Valley Way, and is the main means of access to Murwillumbah from both north and south.

A road leading north west, a scenic tourist drive, heads along the Numinbah Valley through the towns of Chillingham, Numinbah and Natural Bridge. A road south west of the town heads to Kyogle via the town of Uki, passing near to Nimbin en route.

Murwillumbah railway station was the terminus of the Casino–Murwillumbah branch line, and had daily services to Sydney until the line closed in 2004.<ref>Murwillumbah XPT to end - line faces closure Railway Digest June 2004 page 6</ref> Today NSW TrainLink coaches to and from Casino provide connections to Sydney, while the station itself is used as a tourist information centre.<ref>North Coast timetable NSW TrainLink</ref>

Several bus services serve the area. Murwillumbah Bus Company offers regular services to major parts of the town, as well as Condong and Uki. Parson's Bus Service links passengers with Pottsville, Cabarita Beach, and Stokers Siding. Gosel's Bus Service offers services to Nimbin via Uki. Singh's Bus Service links the town to Chillingham, Tyalgum and Eungella. Kinetic Group operate hourly service to Tweed Heads via Terranora.

Murwillumbah's airfield, Whittle Field (ICAO code YMUR), is named after a noted local World War II Spitfire pilot, the late Bob Whittle.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are no scheduled flights, but its 800-metre grass runway supports Murwillumbah Aero Club and business activities including crop-dusting, aircraft restoration, training and scenic charter flights.

IndustryEdit

File:Sugar cane plantation near Murwillumbah, November 1961.jpg
Sugar cane plantation near Murwillumbah in November 1961

Aside from tourism, the major industry of the area, is sugarcane growing. The sugar mill at nearby Condong was served by numerous tramways until 1973 saw the introduction of mechanical cane harvesting.<ref>The Sugar Tramways of Northern New South Wales Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin issue 464 June 1976 pages 118-132</ref> There is also some dairy farming in the area. Coffee, bananas and assorted tropical fruit and vegetables are also produced throughout the area. South Murwillumbah is home to Stone & Wood Brewing Co.'s second brewery, which opened in 2014.

There are alternative lifestyle retreats nearby, including one of the Hare Krishna organisation.

FestivalsEdit

The annual Tweed Banana Festival, the second oldest festival in Australia is staged in the town. In 2005, the festival celebrated its 50th anniversary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

From 2002 to 2009 an historic motor racing festival was run through the streets of Murwillimbah, featuring a parade through town, a one kilometre hillclimb course, and connected events, attracting thousands of spectators. Modeled on the Goodwood Festival of Speed, Speed on Tweed was a highlight of the local calendar attracting cars and competitors from all over Australia and from Europe and North America. In September 2009 the event was held in conjunction with Rally Australia which has scheduled one special stage in Murwillumbah.

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations

In the Template:CensusAU, Murwillumbah recorded a population of 9,812 people, 52.5% female and 47.5% male. The median age of the Murwillumbah population was 46 years, 8 years above the national median of 38. 81.0% of people living in Murwillumbah were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 3.4%, New Zealand 2.0%, India 1.1%, Germany 0.4%, and Philippines 0.4%. 87.7% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were Punjabi 0.9%, Spanish 0.4%, French 0.3%, German 0.3% and Hindi 0.2%.<ref name="ABS2021" />

ClimateEdit

Murwillumbah has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, wet summers and mild, relatively dry winters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Weather box

EducationEdit

Primary schools

  • Hare Krishna School
  • Mt St Patrick Primary School
  • Murwillumbah East Primary School
  • Sathya Sai School
  • South Murwillumbah's Infants School
  • St Joseph's Primary School
  • Murwillumbah Primary School
  • Tweed Valley Adventist College

Secondary schools

MediaEdit

Radio stations that cover the town are ABC North Coast, River FM, Triple Z FM, and Radio 97, a community based station which broadcast from the town. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Murwillumbah receives TV channels from SBS and ABC and the regional affiliates of Seven, Nine and WIN Television’s 10 Northern NSW.

Local newspaper is served by The Northern Star.

Sport and recreationEdit

Murwillumbah has numerous sports clubs including Murwillumbah Colts,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Murwillumbah Mustangs,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah SC, The Gentlemen of Murwillumbah Rugby Club.

Other sports facilities in the area include Murwillumbah Vulcans Australian Football Club, Murwillumbah Brothers Fishing Club, Murwillumbah Swimming Club, Murwillumbah Cycle Club, Murwillumbah Combat Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Cricket Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Rowing Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Hockey Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Netball Association,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Bowling Club, Murwillumbah Pistol Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Rifle Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Croquet Club, Tweed River Jockey Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tweed Valley Equestrian Group,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tweed River water Ski Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tweed Valley Triathletes-Triathlon Club,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murwillumbah Golf Club<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Murwillumbah Tennis Club.<ref>https://play.tennis.com.au/murwillumbahtennisclub</ref>

Tweed Shire Regional Botanic Gardens is also in Murwillumbah.

In popular cultureEdit

Murwillumbah was used as the location for the film Lou (2010) starring John Hurt. The ABC television series of the novel Pastures of the Blue Crane was also filmed in the Tweed region in 1969.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/{{#if: 

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Notable peopleEdit

Notable people from Murwillumbah include:

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GalleryEdit

  • AU Mt Warning from Tweed.jpg

    View of Mount Warning

  • Hotel Murwillumbah, Murwillumbah,NSW.tiff

    Main Street

  • Abandoned Rail Tracks at Murwillumbah - panoramio (1).jpg

    Abandoned train lines

  • Tweed Regional Gallery 02.jpeg

    Nearby Tweed Regional Gallery

ReferencesEdit

<references />

External linksEdit

Template:Tweed Shire suburbs Template:Northern Rivers region

Template:Authority control

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