Mycoplasmataceae

Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteria<ref>E.A. Freundt The classification of the pleuropneumonia group of organisms (Borrelomycetales) Template:Webarchive International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1955, 5, 67–78.] (See page 73)</ref> in the order Mycoplasmatales. This family consists of the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma.

In 1967, the order Mycoplasmatales was incorporated into the class Mollicutes.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Many species are sexually transmitted and cause pelvic inflammatory disease.<ref name=Sternak>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Taxonomy

Mycoplasma

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall and possess a three-layered cellular membrane.<ref name=Sherris>Template:Cite book</ref> They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. Several species are sexually transmitted and pathogenic in humans. Others are found on cats, dogs, and barnyard fowl.

Ureaplasma

Ureaplasma is the second of two genera of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. As the name implies, ureaplasma is urease positive. This genera is distinct from other genera in Mollicutes in that it hydrolyses urea for generation of ATP.

Ureaplasma spp. as human pathogens

Both Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum have been identified as important human pathogens, causing infection in the urogenital tract and, rarely, at distal sites.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Their role in neonatal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been well established, and semantic classifications are changing to reflect the nature of the detrimental outcomes these infections are associated with.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In the 2010s, Mycoplasma genitalium has been re-classified as an STI,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and it is possible that with more research, Ureaplasma spp. will follow this trend. Similar to other pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, infection with Ureaplasma spp. is associated with adverse fertility outcomes in both men and women.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Both cause non-gonococcal urethritis. Ureaplasma spp. were implicated in conditions such as prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome as early as the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Research in women has lagged several decades behind, but it is now becoming more clear how Ureaplasma spp. contribute to etiologies such as interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Ureaplasma spp. are associated with alterations in host environment that increase susceptibility to other infections such as bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Ureaplasma spp. can cause reactive arthritis as well as directly infect the synovium.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":0" /> Some case studies have suggested a causative role in complex regional pain syndrome/reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)<ref name=LPSN>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).<ref name=NCBI>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220<ref name="about">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="tree">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

External links

• Ureaplasma Infection: eMedicine Infectious Diseases