Incubator escapee wiki

Myopathy

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox medical condition (new) In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle<ref name="urlMyopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. Myopathy means muscle disease (Greek : myo- muscle + patheia -pathy : suffering). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain).

This muscular defect typically results in myalgia (muscle pain), muscle weakness (reduced muscle force), or premature muscle fatigue (initially normal, but declining muscle force). Muscle cramps, stiffness, spasm, and contracture can also be associated with myopathy. Myopathy experienced over a long period (chronic) may result in the muscle becoming an abnormal size, such as muscle atrophy (abnormally small) or a pseudoathletic appearance (abnormally large).

Capture myopathy can occur in wild or captive animals, such as deer and kangaroos, and leads to morbidity and mortality.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It usually occurs as a result of stress and physical exertion during capture and restraint.

Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Different myopathies may be inherited, infectious, non-communicable, or idiopathic (cause unknown). The disease may be isolated to affecting only muscle (pure myopathy), or may be part of a systemic disease as is typical in mitochondrial myopathies.

Signs and symptomsEdit

Common symptoms include muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness, and tetany.Template:Citation needed

Systemic diseasesEdit

Myopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine, inflammatory, paraneoplastic, infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, critical illness myopathy, metabolic, collagen related,<ref name="pmid19557868">Template:Cite journal</ref> and myopathies with other systemic disorders. Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or subacutely. On the other hand, familial myopathies or dystrophies generally present in a chronic fashion with exceptions of metabolic myopathies, where symptoms on occasion can be precipitated acutely. Metabolic myopathies, which affect the production of ATP within the muscle cell, typically present with dynamic (exercise-induced) rather than static symptoms.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesion; the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis.<ref name="pmid21886637">Template:Cite journal</ref>

There are many types of myopathy. ICD-10 codes are provided here where available.

Inherited formsEdit

AcquiredEdit

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  • (M33.0-M33.1)
    • Dermatomyositis produces muscle weakness and skin changes. The skin rash is reddish and most commonly occurs on the face, especially around the eyes, and over the knuckles and elbows. Ragged nail folds with visible capillaries can be present. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. (M33.2)
    • Polymyositis produces muscle weakness. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
    • Inclusion body myositis is a slowly progressive disease that produces weakness of hand grip and straightening of the knees. No effective treatment is known.
  • (M60.9) Benign acute childhood myositis
  • (M61) Myositis ossificans
  • (M62.89) Rhabdomyolysis and (R82.1) myoglobinurias

The Food and Drug Administration is recommending that physicians restrict prescribing high-dose Simvastatin (Zocor, Merck) to patients, given an increased risk of muscle damage. The FDA drug safety communication stated that physicians should limit using the 80-mg dose unless the patient has already been taking the drug for 12 months and there is no evidence of myopathy. "Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients, including patients already taking lower doses of the drug," the agency states.

Myocardium / cardiomyopathyEdit

<ref name="The Webs Free 2019 ICD-10-CM/PCS Medical Coding Reference 2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Differential diagnosisEdit

At birth

  • None as systemic causes; mainly hereditary

Onset in childhood

  • Inflammatory myopathies: dermatomyositis, polymyositis (rarely)
  • Infectious myopathies
  • Endocrine and metabolic disorders: hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Onset in adulthood<ref name="pmid21886637"/>

  • Inflammatory myopathies: polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, viral (HIV)
  • Infectious myopathies
  • Endocrine myopathies: thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary disorders
  • Toxic myopathies: alcohol, corticosteroids, narcotics, colchicines, chloroquine
  • Critical illness myopathy
  • Metabolic myopathies
  • Paraneoplastic myopathy

TreatmentsEdit

Because different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways, there is no single treatment for myopathy. Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause-targeting treatments. Drug therapy, physical therapy, bracing for support, surgery, and massage are all current treatments for a variety of myopathies.Template:Citation needed

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

Template:Diseases of myoneural junction and muscle Template:Systemic connective tissue disorders Template:Myopathy Template:Authority control

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