Narrow-bandwidth television
Template:More citations needed
Narrow-bandwidth television (NBTV) is a type of television designed to fit into a channel narrower than the standard bandwidth used for official television standards.
The three predominant worldwide broadcast television standards use either 6 MHz wide channels (as in the Americas and Japan, as ATSC and ISDB-T both use those standards) or 8 MHz (as in most of Europe with DVB-T). Narrow-bandwidth television refers to any method that reduces the bandwidth below that threshold. (These techniques are frequently used in traditional television to allow for multiple digital subchannels on the same bandwidth, but this is not true narrow-bandwidth as the standards do not allow for it, and the extra bandwidth in these cases is usually transferred to another channel.)
DesignEdit
There are three ways to reduce the bandwidth of a video signal: reduce the scan rate, reduce the image size, and/or (with digital television) use heavier compression. When the scan rate is reduced, this is referred to as slow-scan TV or, in the most extreme cases when the scan rate is too slow to simulate motion, freeze frame television. With reduced image sizes, this is referred to as low-definition television. In the most extreme cases, the number of lines in an image may be reduced to just a few dozen, and bandwidth reduced to a few tens of kilohertz, within the bandwidth of an amateur radio voice channel. Most narrow-bandwidth TV nowadays uses computers and other electronic systems.
Mechanical TV standardsEdit
The earliest mechanical television systems often used narrow channels for sending moving images. Often, the images were only a few dozen lines in size.
| Name | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nipkow 1884 | 24 lines. Patent granted but Nipkow did not build a system. | ||
| WGY, 2XAF, 2XAD | 24 lines, 21 frame/s, progressive scan | ||
| United Kingdom, 1926 (Baird) | 30 lines, 5 frame/s, black-and-white experimental transmissions | ||
| United Kingdom, 1928 (Baird) | 30 lines, 5 frame/s, first experimental colour TV transmissions<ref>John Logie Baird, Television Apparatus and the Like, U.S. patent, filed in U.K. in 1928.</ref> | ||
| W3XK, Washington, D.C, 1928 | 48 lines. Oldest television station in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
| 2XAL, WRNY "Radio News", New York, 1928 | 48 lines, 7.5 frame/s, progressive scan. Second to broadcast television pictures to the general public, after W3XK in Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name="Practical Electrics Mar 1924">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="NYTimes Apr 23 1928">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Radio News Sep 1928">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="NYTimes Aug 21, 1928 Shld">Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Baird, United Kingdom, 1928–32 | 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 3:7 vertical aspect ratio, vertical progressive scan, ~70x30 pixels per frame, sound, live TV from studio, first outdoor remote broadcasts of the Derby<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| W9XAA/WCFL, W9XAO/WIBO, W9XAP/WMAQ (Western Television / Sanabria), Chicago, 1928–33 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| W9XK/WSUI, Iowa City, Iowa (Used Western Television/Sanabria system), 1933–39 | 45 lines, 15 frame/s, 1:1 aspect ratio, triple interlace scan. Includes sound on WSUI. Educational TV pioneer. Live TV from studio.<ref name="hawestv1"/> | ||
| Germany, France, 1930 | 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 3:4 aspect ratio, horizontal progressive scan | ||
| New York City, Schenectady, Boston, 1930–31 | 48 lines, 15 frame/s, 6:5 aspect ratio, horizontal progressive scan | ||
| W6XAO Los Angeles, 1931 | 80 lines, 20 frame/s, progressive scan | ||
| W6XAH Bakersfield, 1931 | 96 lines, 20 frame/s, progressive scan | ||
| New York, Schenectady, Boston, 1932 | 60 lines, 20 frame/s, 6:5 aspect ratio, horizontal progressive scan | ||
| Berlin 1932 | 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~40x30 pixels per frame, test movies and live images | ||
| Königs Wusterhausen 1932 | 39 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~31x30 pixels per frame, movies | ||
| Doberitz 1932 | 48 lines, 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~64x48 pixels per frame, sound, talking movies | ||
| Berlin R.P.Z. 1932 | 60 lines, 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~83x60 pixels per frame, test movies and live images | ||
| Italy 1932 | 60 lines, 20 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~45x60 pixels per frame, test movies and live images | ||
| France 1932 | 60 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 3:7 vertical aspect ratio, vertical scanning ~35x60 pixels per frame, sound, live images<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| Switzerland 1932 | 30 lines, 16.6 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~40x30 pixels per frame, test movies and live images | ||
| USSR 1932 | 30 lines, 12 frame/s | ||
| Belgium 1932 | 30 lines, 12.5 & 16.6 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~40x30 pixels per frame, sound, talking movies |
See alsoEdit
- History of television
- List of experimental television stations
- Prewar television stations
- Television systems before 1940
- PXL2000
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Video formats