National Anthem of Uruguay

The "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" (Template:Langx), also known by its incipit "Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba" (Template:Langx),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> is the longest national anthem in terms of duration with 105 bars of music.<ref>Facts About National Anthems National Anthems of the World</ref> When performed in its entirety, the anthem lasts about four-and-a-half to six minutes, although nowadays only the first verse and chorus are sung on most occasions,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> such as before sporting events.

Its martial<ref name=Montoro2016/> lyrics were written by the Uruguayan poet Francisco Acuña de Figueroa in 1830, who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem, "Paraguayos, República o Muerte". The lyrics were officially declared the national anthem in July 1833.<ref name=embajada/> Several proposed musical settings failed to gain public support.<ref name=Panizza/> The Rossini-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer Francisco José Debali, with the assistance of Fernando Quijano, a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza/> A few days after the first performance in July 1845, Debali's score was officially recognized as the music for the anthem.<ref name=anthems/> As with other South American national anthems, the music was inspired by the local popularity of Italian opera.<ref name="Gon2013"/> It includes several references to La Cenerentola and other operas by Rossini, as well as a direct musical quotation from Lucrezia Borgia by Gaetano Donizetti.<ref name="Gon2013"/>

The French composer Camille Saint-Saëns is sometimes erroneously credited with having composed the music: although he was requested to write a hymn to celebrate the national independence day, his composition never became the national anthem.<ref name="Saint-Saëns"/>

History

File:Francisco Acuña de Figueroa 01.jpg

Francisco Acuña de Figueroa (1791–1862), the Uruguayan poet who wrote the lyrics.

The Uruguayan poet Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, who also wrote the lyrics for Paraguay's national anthem "Paraguayos, República o Muerte", was responsible for the martial lyrics.<ref name=Montoro2016>Template:Cite thesis</ref> On 8 July 1833, Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba was officially recognized as Uruguay's national anthem.<ref name=embajada>History about the Anthem of Uruguay Template:Webarchive Embassy of Uruguay in Argentina</ref>

Several proposed musical settings of Figueroa's lyrics failed to gain public support.<ref name=Panizza/> One of the discarded settings was by the Spanish-born composer Antonio Sáenz.<ref name="Sáenz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A proposed melody by the Italian composer Francesco Casale became the basis for the music of the Paraguay national anthem.<ref name="ABC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Rossini-inspired<ref name="Gon2013"/> music that eventually became universally associated with the anthem was composed by the Hungarian-born composer Francisco José Debali, with the assistance of Fernando Quijano, a Uruguayan actor and musician.<ref name=Panizza>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The score was first performed on 19 July 1845, and it was officially recognized as the music for the anthem on 25 July 1848.<ref name=anthems>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Music

File:Debály Ferenc József.jpg

Francisco José Debali (born Debály Ferenc József, 1791 – 1859) was a Hungarian-born composer who emigrated to Uruguay in 1838 after previously working in the Kingdom of Sardinia and Turin.<ref name="Gon2013"/>

As with every other South American national anthem, the music was inspired by the local popularity of Italian opera.<ref name="Gon2013">Template:Cite book</ref> The full 105-bar version of the anthem evokes an operatic scena e aria for soloist and chorus (almost in solita forma manner, with a cabaletta-like conclusion).<ref name="Gon2013"/> Debali had conducted in many productions of operas by Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti in Montevideo, and during the course of the anthem he makes several musical references to Rossini's La Cenerentola, as well as to Largo al factotum from The Barber of Seville, and to a chorus from Semiramide.<ref name="Gon2013"/> A further passage is clearly borrowed from the ending of the Prologue of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia.<ref name="Gon2013"/>

Of note, the music for the Uruguayan national anthem is sometimes erroneously attributed to Camille Saint-Saëns.<ref name="Saint-Saëns"/> It is true that during a visit to Uruguay in April 1916<ref name="Chronologie">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Saint-Saëns was commissioned to write a hymn to celebrate the national independence day.<ref name="Saint-Saëns"/> However, circumstances prevented the work, Partido colorado,<ref name=grove>Ratner, Sabina Teller. "Saint-Saëns, Camille: Life", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 November 2022 Template:Subscription required</ref>Template:Efn from becoming the national anthem.<ref name="Saint-Saëns">Template:Cite news</ref> {{#invoke:Listen|main}}

Lyrics

Lyrics as sung

citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	English translation
lang}}</poem>	<poem>Template:Small 𝄆 Easterners, the Fatherland or the grave! Freedom or with glory we die! 𝄇 It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which, heroically we will fulfill! 𝄆 It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which, heroically we will fulfill! 𝄇 Which we will fulfill! 𝄆 We will fulfill! 𝄇 We will fulfill! I 𝄆 Freedom, Freedom, Easterners! This cry saved the fatherland. Which her brave warriors, in fierce battles With sublime enthusiasm fill´d. 𝄇 From this sacred gift the glory we deserved Tyrants: Tremble! 𝄆 Tyrants: Tremble! 𝄇 Freedom in combat we shall cry out! And dying, Freedom too! Freedom in combat we shall cry out! 𝄆 And dying, Freedom too! And dying, Freedom too! 𝄇 𝄆 Freedom too! 𝄇 Template:Yesitalic</poem>

Full lyrics

citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	English translation
lang}}</poem>	<poem>Template:Small 𝄆 Easterners, the Fatherland or the grave! Liberty or with glory we die! 𝄇 𝄆 It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which, heroically we will fulfill! 𝄇 𝄆 It is the vow that the soul pronounces, and which, heroically we will fulfill! 𝄇 I Freedom, Freedom, Easterners! This cry saved the fatherland. That his bravery in fierce battles Of sublime enthusiasm enflamed. This sacred gift, of glory we've deserved: tyrants tremble! Freedom in battle we'll cry, And in dying, freedom we'll shout! II Iberia worlds dominated He wore his haughty power, And their captive plants lay The East nameless be But suddenly his irons chopping Given the dogma that May inspired Among free despots fierce A bridge saw pit. III His billet chain guns, On his chest shield in battle, In his superb courage trembled The feudal champions of the Cid In the valleys, mountains and jungles Are undertaken with silent pride, With fierce rumbling roar The caves and the sky at once. IV The roar that echoes around Atahualpa the tomb was opened, And vicious beating palms Her skeleton, revenge! shouted Patriots to the echo It electrified in martial fire, And in his teaching more lively shines Of the Incas the immortal God. V Long, with various fortunes, The freedman battled, and Lord, Disputing the bloody earth Inch by inch with blind fury. Justice finally overcomes Tamed the wrath of a king; And to the world the indomitable Homeland Inaugurates teaches law. VI Easterners, look at the flag, Glittering crucible of heroism; Our spears defend their brightness, No one insults the image of the sun! In the civil jurisdiction the enjoyment Sustain and faithful Code Immune and glorious venerate Israel as the holy ark. VII For your glory to be higher, And Shine your price and power, Three crowns, oh Fatherland, were Your domain enjoy, and lose. Freedom, freedom adored Much treasure unparalleled slopes! But they are worth your joys divine That blood that irrigates your altar VIII If a barbarian people agitated, Removing his late fury Avoid fratricidal strife, Ten thousand tombs recall the horror! Heaven thunders storms, curses upon him, And the triumphant worship free the law to rich jewel. IX Shining adorned with laurels The pride of the South Amazon, In his bronze shield reflect Fortaleza, justice and virtue. Enemies will not humiliate the front Neither foot oppressors imposed That sealed his record troubles And baptism of blood in their faith. X Celebrating the glory and the day Of the sun of this new republic With glimpses of purple and gold, Decks your beautiful glow. The August dome of Olympus Shines, and a divine being With stars in the heavens writes, Sweet Fatherland, your name immortal. XI The law to swear to Numen Equality, patriotism and unity, Sacrificing their divine order Blind hatred, and black ambition. And find that insulting fierce The greatness of the Eastern People, For the enemies, the spear of Mars, For the tyrants the dagger of Brutus! Template:Small 𝄆 Easterners, the Fatherland or the grave, Liberty or with glory, we die! 𝄇 𝄆 Is the vote that the soul pronounces, And which, heroically we will fulfill! 𝄇 We will fulfill! Is the vote that the soul pronounces, And which, heroically we will fulfill!</poem>

External links

• Template:Cantorion
• Uruguay anthem streaming audio, lyrics and info (archive link)