National Taiwan University

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National Taiwan University (NTU; Template:Zh) is a national public research university in Taipei, Taiwan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Founded in 1928 during Japanese rule as Taihoku Imperial University ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), the seventh of the Imperial Universities of the Empire of Japan, it is the oldest university in Taiwan and is supervised by the Ministry of Education.

The university has three major campuses in Taipei and hosts satellite campuses across the country, enrolling more than 16,000 undergraduates, 12,000 postgraduates, and 3,000 doctoral students. It offers over 200 degree programs and consists of 16 colleges which are divided into 56 departments,<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 111 research institutes,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and more than 50 other national research centers, including National Taiwan University Hospital.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2015, NTU formed a university system with the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology and National Taiwan Normal University.

National Taiwan University has institutional affiliations with the Harvard–Yenching Institute,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Washington University in St. Louis, and produces the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities. Notable graduates of the university include five presidents of the Republic of China, six vice-presidents of the Republic of China, more than 120 members of Academia Sinica, and 20 members of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences,Template:Sfn in addition to Nobel Prize,Template:Refn Turing Award,Template:Refn and Wolf Prize laureates.Template:Refn

HistoryEdit

Imperial University (1928–1945)Edit

File:Taihoku Imperial University.JPG

View of the entrance of Taihoku Imperial University, pictured during Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945)

During the Japanese rule of Taiwan (1895–1945), the Empire of Japan established the modern Taiwanese education system by installing educational institutions that used Western-style academic systems.Template:Sfn Den Kenjirō, the Governor-General of Taiwan, proposed the establishment of a university in Taiwan in 1922 and Japanese prime minister Tanaka Giichi presented a bill titled "Establishment of the Taiwan Imperial University" to the Cabinet of Japan on February 25, 1928.Template:Sfn It was planned to be located on the grounds of the Taihoku Senior School of Agriculture and Forestry in Taihoku Prefecture.Template:Sfn

On March 16, 1928, National Taiwan University was founded as "Taihoku Imperial University" (Template:Langx; Template:Zh), the seventh of the Japanese Empire's Imperial Universities.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was Taiwan's first and only university and primarily served to promote Japanese culture, assimilate the local population, and direct students to professions useful to colonial expansion.Template:Sfn The first freshman class was inaugurated on April 30, 1928, with classes beginning on May 5. Of the 1931 graduating class, 41 were Japanese and only five students were Taiwanese.Template:Sfn Template:Refn

The first faculties founded at Taihoku Imperial University were the Faculty of Literature and Politics and the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, totalling 59 students. Subsequently, the Faculty of Medicine was established in 1935 and the Faculty of Engineering was established in 1943.Template:Sfn The Faculty of Science and Agriculture was divided in 1943 as two separate colleges: the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Agriculture.<ref name=":1" /> Because the university was considered a part of expanding the Japanese colonial empire in the Pacific Ocean, it was supported by multiple Japanese scholars and received government research grants for funding policy programs.Template:Sfn Taiwanese students could not compete with Japanese students since the university prioritized Japanese enrollment.Template:Sfn From 1928 to 1943, the university's student body was approximately 80 percent Japanese and 20 percent Taiwanese.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Of its more than 300 faculty members in 1940, all but one professorship was held by Japanese scholars.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

File:Cca110001-hp-pb1203016p024-i.jpg

Aerial view of the university during the 1930s

Taihoku college classes consisted of "lectures" taught by professors, assistant professors, and other faculty. By 1945, it had five colleges with a total of 114 lectures.<ref name=":1" /> The university's first president was Japanese historian Template:Interlanguage link multi (1928–1937), a graduate of Tokyo Imperial University who was appointed to the presidency on March 16, 1928.Template:Sfn Japanese scholar Toyohachi Fujita (1869–1929) was appointed as the first dean of the Faculty of Literature and Politics while Kintaro Oshima was named the inaugural dean of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture.Template:Sfn Enrollment years were shortened during World War II and university functions were limited following the American bombing of Taipei.Template:Sfn

National University (1945–present)Edit

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After the Surrender of Japan in September 1945, the government of the Republic of China (ROC) assumed control of the university and initiated sinicization reforms. On August 15, 1945, the Kuomintang government appointed Lo Tsung-lo, a Japanese-educated academic, to oversee the transition of Taihoku's curriculum, teaching system, and faculties from its Japanese administration. At the time, the university had 1,614 faculty and staff members to teach 1,767 students, 351 of whom were Taiwanese. All Japanese students were later transferred back to Japan.Template:Sfn

Under the Kuomintang, the ROC government initiated a program of reforming all universities and colleges in accordance with Chinese models that incorporated American academics, administration, and organization, in addition to installing American curriculum and degree requirements.Template:Sfn Reforms also had the goal of reversing the Japanization that had influenced Taiwan during Japanese rule.Template:Sfn Universities and colleges were opened to Taiwanese students without restrictions; Taihoku Imperial University was renamed "National Taiwan University" and it was reorganized and expanded to six faculties: Liberal Arts, Law, Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture.Template:Sfn Up to 500 students could enroll in each faculty and the enrollment period was standardized to four years as opposed to the Japanese system of three to six years.Template:Sfn

In the following decades, National Taiwan University underwent rapid expansion. A night school was established to provide continuing education for adults in 1955 and the NTU Research Library was completed in 1968.Template:Sfn The College of Management, the College of Public Health, and the College of Electrical Engineering were established in 1987, 1993, and 1997, respectively. The NTU Department of Law was expanded to the NTU College of Law in 1999 and the College of Life Science was established in 2003.<ref name=":1" /> In November 2003, the university consisted of ten colleges, 52 academic departments, 82 graduate institutes, 1,778 full-time faculty, and more than 27,000 students.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By 2009, NTU grew to 54 departments, 100 graduate institutes (which offer 100 master's programs and 91 doctoral programs in total), and 25 research centers, including the Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, the Center for Biotechnology, the Japanese Research Center, and others.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

AcademicsEdit

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File:NTU Administration Building2022.jpg

NTU Central Administration Building

As of 2023, National Taiwan University has a total of sixteen colleges, including Liberal Arts, Engineering, Science, Social Sciences, Law, Bio-Resources & Agriculture, Management, Public Health, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Medicine, and Life Science.<ref name=":1" /> They offer bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorate degrees in multiple disciplines.

File:臺北帝國大學醫學部附屬醫院.jpg

The original building housing National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei

NTU requires most of its undergraduate students to take a mandatory core curriculum, comprising Chinese, freshman English, physical education, and public service. The medical school in addition dictates each of its students to take philosophy and sociology classes as well as seminars in ethics and thanatology. Military training is no longer an obligatory course for male students, but it is a prerequisite if they plan to apply to become officers during their compulsory military service.

NTU's programs cover a wide array of disciplines across science, arts, and the humanities, with up to 8,000 courses made available for selection each semester.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Students are able to select courses offered by any of the colleges; however, compulsory subjects designated for each major needs to be completed to be awarded a degree. A student must declare a major during college application, some majors are more competitive than others and require a higher national examination score. In recent years, medicine, electrical engineering, law, and finance have been the most selective majors. Most majors take four years to complete while both the dental and the medical degrees take six years to finish.

File:National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry buildings (49242427661).jpg

Department of Chemistry Building

The International Chinese Language Program (ICLP), founded by Stanford University, is located at National Taiwan University.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> NTU is also a member of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Association of East Asian Research Universities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The university participates in several programs of the Taiwan International Graduate Program of Academia Sinica, Taiwan's most preeminent academic research institution.

In 2021, the "International College" was established, primarily enrolling international students of foreign nationality and offering courses entirely in English.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Chung Wai Literary QuarterlyEdit

Chung Wai Literary Quarterly (Template:Zh) is a quarterly Taiwanese peer-reviewed scholarly journal published by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Taiwan University, featuring fiction, academic articles, reviews, translations, and non-fiction essays related to Western literature.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Rp Originally founded as a monthly literary magazine by Template:Ill and Chu Limin in 1972 and named Chung Wai Literary Monthly, the journal aims to encourage and promote critical and emerging approaches to non-local literatures and connect literature with other academic disciplines.<ref name="ChungWaiAbout">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2007, the journal renamed and restructured as a quarterly and in 2019, the journal was recognized as a Grade I academic journal by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan.<ref name="ChungWaiAbout" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CampusesEdit

NTU has a main campus in Daan District, Taipei City and has additional campuses in Taipei, New Taipei City, Hsinchu County, Yunlin County, and Nantou County. The main campus is home to most college department buildings and administrative buildings. The university governs farms, forests, and hospitals for education and research purposes. The total area of NTU exceeds 340 square kilometers (34,000 hectares), accounting for one percent of Taiwan's total land area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The five campuses are:

Main Campus (113 hectares, located in Daan District, Taipei)
Shuiyuan Campus (7.7 hectares, located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei)
College of Medicine Campus (located in Zhongzheng District)
Yunlin Campus (54 hectares, located in Yunlin County)
Zhubei Campus (22 hectares, located in Hsinchu County)

Other university propertyEdit

Visiting professor residences (34 hectares, located on Yangmingshan, Taipei)
University Farm (19.5 hectares, located in Xindian District, New Taipei City)
Wenshan Botanical Garden (5 hectares, located in Shiding District, New Taipei City)
Highland Experimental Farm (1,019 hectares, located in Nantou County)
Experimental Forest Office (25.9 hectares, located in Nantou County)
Experimental Forest (33,310 hectares, located in Nantou County)

University rankingsEdit

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Overall rankingsEdit

National Taiwan University is widely considered to be the best university in Taiwan. NTU was ranked 68th worldwide in the QS World University Rankings 2025,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 187th worldwide in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2023, 203rd worldwide in the US News 2022-2023, and 201-300th worldwide in the ARWU 2022.

The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their aggregate performance across THE, QS, and ARWU, ranked NTU 135th worldwide in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

With other peering references of academic ranking, NTU also releases NTU World Universities ranking annually on the Double Ten Day, the National Holiday of the Republic of China.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Subject rankingsEdit

In the QS and ARWU subject rankings, NTU is ranked first in Taiwan in the majority of subjects.<ref name="QSSubject">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ARWUSubject">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the THE Subject Rankings, NTU is ranked first in Taiwan in all subjects.<ref name="THESubject">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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THE Subject Ranking 2023<ref name="THESubject" />
Subject	Global	National
Arts & humanities	Template:Fall 176–200 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Business & economics	Template:Fall 84 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Social sciences	Template:Same position 176–200 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Computer science	Template:Rise 101–125 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Engineering	Template:Fall 98 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Clinical & health	Template:Fall =75 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Life sciences	Template:Fall 176–200 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Physical sciences	Template:Fall 301–400 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}
Psychology	Template:Fall 151–175 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}	Template:Same position 1 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters\|check\|unknown=\|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"\|ignoreblank=y\| 1 \| style }}

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List of presidentsEdit

The president heads the university. Each college is headed by a dean and each department by a chairman. Students elect their own representatives each year to attend administrative meetings.