New Calendarists

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File:Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople.jpg

Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople, who convened the council that authorised the Revised Julian calendar

The New Calendarists are Eastern Orthodox churches that adopted the Revised Julian calendar.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref>

Background

In the history of Christianity, divisions on which calendar to use were initiated after 1582, when the Catholic Church transitioned from the ancient Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar.Template:Sfn

Eventually, by the 18th century, the Gregorian Calendar was officially adopted even in Protestant countries as the civil calendar, but still faced some opposition from smaller groups. In the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Gregorian calendar was officially introduced in 1752.Template:Sfn

Around the same time, debates between those wanting to adopt the Gregorian Calendar and traditionalists wanting to keep the Julian calendar were also going on within several Eastern Catholic Churches. Those debates were focused mainly on ritual questions and ended in various compromises. The need for preservation of ritual differences, including various questions related to liturgical calendar, was consequently acknowledged by Rome.Template:Sfn

New Calendarists

Template:See also In 1923, the Revised Julian calendar was devised. Since then, several Eastern Orthodox Churches have introduced partial changes into their liturgical calendars.Template:Sfn Those changes were based on the application of the Revised Julian calendar for the liturgical celebration of immovable feasts (including Christmas), thus reducing the use of the old Julian calendar to liturgical celebration of moveable feasts (feasts of the Easter cycle).Template:Sfn

Thus, the Revised calendar use was introduced. It has been adopted by:

• the Ecumenical Patriarchate (March 1924)
• the Church of Greece (March 1924)
• the Church of CyprusTemplate:Sfn<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> (March 1924)
• the Romanian Orthodox Church (later in 1924<ref name=":1" />)
• the Patriarchate of Alexandria (in 1928)
• the Patriarchate of Antioch (in 1928)
• the Albanian Orthodox Church (April 1937)
• the Bulgarian Orthodox Church<ref name=":0" />Template:Sfn (in 1968)
• the Orthodox Church of Ukraine<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (in 2023)

The Orthodox Church in America (except for Alaska) also uses the revised calendar.

It was not adopted by the Eastern Orthodox Churches of:

• Jerusalem
• Georgia
• Russia
• Sinai
• Serbia
• the monasteries on the Mount Athos.<ref name=":0" />Template:Sfn

The Polish Orthodox Church has wavered between the two calendars; today it officially follows the old calendar.Template:Sfn

In Eastern Orthodoxy, issues related to calendar reform did not produce break of communion or schisms between the mainstream churches, but they did cause disputes and internal schisms within some churches. The result of those conflicts was the emergence of the Old Calendarist movement, and consequent creation of separate churches, thus breaking the communion with those mother churches that accepted the calendar reform.Template:Sfn

See also

• Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
• French revolutionary calendar
• Revised Julian calendar
• Old Calendarists

References

Sources

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