Northern Dobruja

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}}Template:Main other Northern Dobruja (Template:Langx or simply {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Template:Langx, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.

History

File:Arii protejate din Dobrogea.jpg

Protected archaeological and natural areas in Romanian Dobruja.

File:Dobrogea-cadrilater.png

Map of Romania and Bulgaria with Northern Dobruja highlighted in orange and Southern Dobruja highlighted in yellow.

Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortresses: Tomis (today's Constanța), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus. The Greeks engaged in trade with the Dacians who lived on the main land. Dobruja became a Roman province after the conquest of the Dacian Tribes. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Capidava citadel.<ref>Dobrogea fortresses and history</ref>

Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire.

For a long period in the 14–15th century, Dobruja became part of Wallachia. The territory fell under Ottoman rule from the mid-15th century until 1878, when it was awarded to Romania for its role in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, and as compensation for the transfer of a region partly overlapping Southern Bessarabia.<ref>Template:Cite book </ref> Under the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored Principality of Bulgaria received the smaller southern part of the region. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Romania also annexed the Bulgarian Southern Dobruja, which it ruled until the signing of the 1940 Treaty of Craiova. The treaty was approved by Britain,<ref>The New York Times, July 26, 1940, "Britain recognizes the "fundamental justice" of Bulgaria's claim against Rumania for return of the wheat-growing section of Southern Dobruja"</ref> Vichy France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union and the United States.<ref>Кузманова, Антонина. От Ньой до Крайова. Въпросът за Южна Добруджа в международните отношения /1919-1940/, София 1989, с. 287-288.</ref> It included a population exchange which removed the Bulgarian minority from Northern Dobruja, which was evacuated to the southern part. At the same time, the Romanians (including Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians) from Southern Dobruja were brought north of the border.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> There also is a Csángó Hungarian village in Northern Dobruja, in the Constanța County, known as Oituz.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography

The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a total area of 15,570 km² and a current population of slightly under 900,000.<ref name="ins2011">2011 census results per county, cities and towns {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Cities

• Constanța
• Tulcea
• Medgidia
• Mangalia

Rivers

• Danube
• Casimcea
• Slava
• Taița
• Telița

Lakes

• Crapina Lake
• Jijiei Lake
• Traian Lake
• Babadag Lake
• Razim Lake
• Zmeica Lake
• Sinoe Lake
• Tașaul Lake
• Techirghiol Lake

Danube Delta

Template:Main article The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are:

• Roșu
• Isac
• Gorgova
• Furtuna
• Ledeanca
• Tatanir
• Merhel
• Matița
• Uzlina
• Dranov
• Lumina
• Puiu
• Puiuleț

Demographics

Ethnic composition

The table below shows Romanian statistics throughout the years:

Ethnicity	1878<ref name="Karpat">K. Karpat, : Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82</ref>	1880<ref name="dane">G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique</ref>	1899<ref name="dane"/>	1913<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	19301<ref name="sabin">Calculated from results of the 1930 census per county, taken from Template:Cite book</ref>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1966<ref name="anri"/>	1977<ref name="anri"/>	1992<ref name="anri"/>	2002<ref name="anri"/>	2011<ref name="ins2011"/>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
All	225,692	139,671	258,242	380,430	437,131	593,659	702,461	863,348	1,019,766	971,643	897,165	849,352
Romanian	46,504 (21%)	43,671 (31%)	118,919 (46%)	216,425 (56.8%)	282,844 (64.7%)	514,331 (86.6%)	622,996 (88.7%)	784,934 (90.9%)	926,608 (90.8%)	883,620 (90.9%)	751,250 (83.7%)	657,438 (77.4%)
Bulgarian	30,177 (13,3%)	24,915 (17%)	38,439 (14%)	51,149 (13.4%)	42,070 (9.6%)	749 (0.13%)	524 (0.07%)	415 (0.05%)	311 (0.03%)	135 (0.01%)	58 (0.01%)	106 (0.01%)
Turkish	48,783 (21,6%)	18,624 (13%)	12,146 (4%)	20,092 (5.3%)	21,748 (5%)	11,994 (2%)	16,209 (2.3%)	21,666 (2.5%)	27,685 (2.7%)	27,580 (2.8%)	22,500 (2.5%)	17,114 (2%)
Tatar	71,146 (31,5%)	29,476 (21%)	28,670 (11%)	21,350 (5.6%)	15,546 (3.6%)	20,239 (3.4%)	21,939 (3.1%)	22,875 (2.65%)	24,185 (2.4%)	23,409 (2.4%)	19,720 (2.2%)	17,024 (2%)
Russian-Lipovan	12,748 (5,6%)	8,250 (6%)	12,801 (5%)	35,859 (9.4%)	26,210 (6%)²	29,944 (5%)	30,509 (4.35%)	24,098 (2.8%)	26,154 (2.6%)	21,623 (2.2%)	13,910 (1.6%)	12,094 (1.4%)
Ruthenian (Ukrainian from 1956)		455 (0.3%)	13,680 (5%)		33 (0.01%)	7,025 (1.18%)	5,154 (0.73%)	2,639 (0.3%)	4,101 (0.4%)	1,465 (0.1%)	1,177 (0.1%)	1,033 (0.1%)
Germans	1,134 (0,5%)	2,461 (1.7%)	8,566 (3%)	7,697 (2%)	12,023 (2.75%)	735 (0.12%)	599 (0.09%)	648 (0.08%)	677 (0.07%)	398 (0.04%)	166 (0.02%)	187 (0.02%)
Greek	3,480 (1,6%)	4,015 (2.8%)	8,445 (3%)	9,999 (2.6%)	7,743 (1.8%)	1,399 (0.24%)	908 (0.13%)	635 (0.07%)	1,230 (0.12%)	2,270 (0.23%)	1,447 (0.16%)	498 (0.06%)
Roma		702 (0.5%)	2,252 (0.87%)	3,263 (0.9%)	3,831 (0.88%)	1,176 (0.2%)	378 (0.05%)	2,565 (0.3%)	5,983 (0.59%)	8,295 (0.85%)	11,977 (1.3%)	10,556 (1.2%)
Unknown	-	-	-	-	134	327	95	-	7	67	72,488 (8%)	130,231 (15.3%)

¹According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Constanța and Tulcea), which excluded a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and included a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo and Krushari municipalities)

²Only Russians. (Russians and Lipovans counted separately)

Symbols

File:Stema Dobrogei.png

Coat of arms of the Romanian Dobruja

Northern Dobruja is represented by two dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania.

Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14, marking the 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

References

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