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File:Peter Pan 1915 cover 2.JPG
1915 novelization of the original 1904 play Peter and Wendy

A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book, or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline.

History and purposeEdit

File:The Thunder Master Frontispiece.jpg
Novelization of chapter 8 of the film series Les Vampires (1915–16)

Novelizations of films began to be produced in the 1910s and 1920s for silent films such as Les Vampires (1915–16) and London After Midnight (1927). One of the first films with spoken dialogue to be novelized was King Kong (1933). Film novelizations were especially profitable during the 1970s before home video became available,<ref name="The Chicago Reader">Template:Cite news</ref> as they were then the only way to re-experience popular movies other than television airing or a rerelease in theaters. The novelizations of Star Wars (1977), Alien (1979) and Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) sold millions of copies.<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014">Template:Cite news</ref>

The first ever video game to be novelised was Shadowkeep, in 1984.<ref name=":0">David Cuciz: GameSpy Interviews – Alan Dean Foster. The Writing Game, August 2000 Template:Webarchive</ref>

Even after the advent of home video, film novelizations remain popular, with the adaptation of Godzilla (2014) being included on The New York Times Best Seller list for mass-market paperbacks. This has been attributed to these novels' appeal to fans: about 50% of novelizations are sold to people who have watched the film and want to explore its characters further, or to reconnect to the enthusiasm they experienced when watching the film.<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014" /> A film is therefore also a sort of commercial for its novelization; the film's success or failure affects the novelization's sales.<ref name="The New York Times">Template:Cite news</ref> Conversely, film novelizations help generate publicity for upcoming films, serving as a link in the film's marketing chain.<ref name="David Morrell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to publishing industry estimates, about one or two percent of the audience of a film will buy its novelization. This makes these relatively inexpensively produced works a commercially attractive proposition in the case of blockbuster film franchises. The increasing number of previously established novelists taking on tie-in works has been credited with these works gaining a "patina of respectability" after they had previously been disregarded in literary circles as derivative and mere merchandise.<ref name="NYT 4 January 2015">Template:Cite news</ref>

VariantsEdit

FilmEdit

File:Kingkong1932.jpg
King Kong (1932) novelization of King Kong (1933)

The writer of a novelization is supposed to multiply the 20,000–25,000 words of a screenplay into at least 60,000 words.<ref name="The New York Times"/> Writers usually achieve that by adding description or introspection.<ref name="David Morrell"/> Ambitious writers are driven to work on transitions and characters just to accomplish "a more prose-worthy format". Sometimes the "novelizer" invents new scenes in order to give the plot "added dimension", provided they are allowed to do that.<ref name="The Tie-In Life">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Publishers aim to have novelizations in shops before a film is released, which means it is usually necessary to base the novelization on a screenplay instead of the completed film.<ref name="allison">Template:Cite journal</ref> It might take an insider to tell whether a novelization diverges unintentionally from the final film because it is based on an earlier version which included deleted scenes.<ref name="The Chicago Reader"/> Thus the novelization occasionally presents material which will later on appear in a director's cut.<ref name="The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In some cases, separate novelizations of the same film are written for publication in different countries, and these may be based on different drafts of the screenplay, as was very clearly the case with the American and British novelizations of Capricorn One.<ref name="allison" /> Writers select different approaches to enrich a screenplay. Dewey Gram's Gladiator, for example, included historical background information.

If a film is based on a novel, the original novel is generally reissued with a cover based on the film's poster.<ref name="The John Carter Files">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> If a film company also wishes to have a separate novelization published, the company is supposed to approach the author who has "Separated Rights". A writer has these rights if he contributed the source material (or added a great deal of creative input to it) and if he was moreover properly credited.<ref name="WGA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Novelizations also exist where the film itself is based on an original novel: novelist and screenwriter Christopher Wood wrote a novelization of the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me. Although the 1962 Ian Fleming novel was still available in bookstores, its story had nothing to do with the 1977 film. To avoid confusion, Wood's novelization was titled James Bond, the Spy Who Loved Me.Template:Sfn This novel is also an example of a screenwriter novelizing his own screenplay. Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker was published under the name of George Lucas but his script had been novelized by the prolific tie-in writer Alan Dean Foster.<ref name="Alan Dean Foster Interview">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Acquiring editors looking for a novelizer have different issues. The author may not have all of the information needed; Foster wrote the Alien novelization without knowing what the Xenomorph looked like. The contract may be very restrictive; Max Allan Collins had to write the novelization for Road to Perdition only based on the film, without the detail he had created for the graphic novel of the same name that the film is based on.Template:R Rewrites of scripts may force last-minute novelization rewrites. The script for the 1966 film Modesty Blaise was rewritten by five different authors.<ref name="Modesty Blaise Books">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The writer or script doctor responsible for the so-called "final" version is not necessarily the artist who has contributed the original idea or most of the scenes. The patchwork character of a film script might even exacerbate because the film director, a principal actor or a consulting script doctor does rewrites during the shooting. An acquiring editor who intends to hire one of the credited screenwriters has to reckon that the early writers are no longer familiar with the current draft or work already on another film script. Not every screenwriter is available, willing to work for less money than what can be earned with film scripts and able to deliver the required amount of prose on time. Even if so, there is still the matter of novelizations having a questionable reputation.<ref name="Mel Gilden">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The International Association of Media Tie-In Writers concedes that by saying their craft is "largely unrecognized".<ref name="IAMTW">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Writers Guild of America rules require that screenwriters have right of first refusal to write novelizations of their own films, but they rarely do so because of the lack of prestige and money.Template:R

Some novels blur the line between a novelization and an original novel that is the basis of a film adaptation. Arthur C. Clarke provided the ideas for Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey. Based on his own short stories and his cooperation with Kubrick during the preparation and making of this film adaptation he wrote the film novelization of the same name which is appreciated by fans because the film provides little exposition, and the novelization fills in some blanks. David Morrell wrote the novel First Blood about John Rambo, which led to the film adaptation of the same name. Although Rambo dies at the end of his original story, Morrell had a paragraph in his contract stipulating he remained "the only person who could write books about Rambo". This paid off for him when the film producers changed the ending and decided for a sequel. David Morrell accepted to carry out the novelization and negotiated unprecedented liberties which resulted in a likewise unprecedented success when his book entered The New York Times Best Seller list and stayed there for six weeks.<ref name="David Morrell"/>

Simon Templar or James Bond are examples of media franchises that have been popular for more than one generation. When the feature film The Saint was released in 1997 the creator of this character (Leslie Charteris) had already been dead for four years. Hence its novelization had to be written by another author. Ian Fleming on the other hand had official successors who wrote contemporary "Post-Fleming" James Bond novels. During his tenure John Gardner was consequently chosen to write the novelization of Licence to Kill<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1989 and also the novelization of GoldenEye<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1995. John Gardner found his successor in Raymond Benson<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> who wrote besides several original Bond novels three novelizations including The World Is Not Enough.

ComicsEdit

While comic books such as the series Classics Illustrated have often provided adaptations of novels, novelizations of comics are relatively rare.<ref name="Deepwoods">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Adventures of Superman, written by George Lowther and published in 1942, is the first novelization of a comic book character.

Video gamesEdit

Video games are novelized in the same manner as films. While gamers might enjoy playing a certain action scene for hours, the buyers of a novelization might be bored soon if they merely read about such a scene. Consequently, the writer will have to cut down on the action.<ref name="The Tie-In Life"/>

AuthorsEdit

Novelization writers are often also accomplished original fiction writers, as well as fans of the works they adapt, which helps motivate them to undertake a commission that is generally compensated with a relatively low flat fee. Alan Dean Foster, for example, said that, as a fan, "I got to make my own director's cut. I got to fix the science mistakes, I got to enlarge on the characters, if there was a scene I particularly liked, I got to do more of it, and I had an unlimited budget. So it was fun".<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014" />

Writing skill is particularly needed for challenging situations common to writing novelizations of popular media, such as lack of access to information about the film, last-minute script changes and very quick turnaround times. Collins had to write the novelization of In the Line of Fire in nine days.<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014" />

Although novelizations tend to have a low prestige, and are often viewed as "hackwork",<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014" /> several critically acclaimed literary authors have written novelizations, including Arthur Calder-Marshall,Template:Sfn William KotzwinkleTemplate:Sfn and Richard Elman.Template:Sfn Best-selling author Ken Follett, early in his career, also wrote a novelization, and so did Isaac Asimov, later in his career.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> While increasingly also a domain of previously established novelists, tie-in writing still has the disadvantages, from the writers' point of view, of modest pay, tight deadlines and no ownership in the intellectual property created.<ref name="NYT 4 January 2015" />

The International Association of Media Tie-In Writers is an American association that aims to recognize the writers of adapted and tie-in fiction. It hands out annual awards, the "Scribes", in categories including "best adapted novel".<ref name="Vanity Fair 27 August 2014" />

TV seriesEdit

Doctor Who had stories novelised in particular from the era of its original series published by Target Books.

Episodes of Star Trek were adapted into short stories by the noted science fiction writer James Blish. Each volume of the stories included a number of the short story adaptations. Alan Dean Foster would later adapt the follow-up animated series into the Star Trek Log series.

Mel Gilden wrote novelizations of Beverly Hills, 90210, merging three episodes into one book. As he explained, this approach required him to look for a joint story arc.<ref name="Mel Gilden"/>

ComicsEdit

In the early 1970s Lee Falk was asked by the Avon publishing house to deliver Phantom novels based on the eponymous comic strip. Falk worked on the novelizations on his own and with collaboration. A dispute over how he would be credited led to the cessation of the series.<ref name="Lee Falk: Father of The Phantom">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Peter O'Donnell, who scripted the Modesty Blaise comic strip, later authored novels featuring the character not directly based on the stories presented in the strips.

Video gamesEdit

Matt Forbeck became a writer of novels based on video games after he had been "writing tabletop roleplaying game books for over a decade".<ref name="Escapist Magazine">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He worked also as a designer of video games.

S. D. Perry wrote a series of novels based on the Resident Evil video games and added tie-ins to the novelizations, covering all the mainline titles in the series up until Resident Evil Zero.

Eric Nylund introduced a new concept for a novelization when he delivered a trilogy, consisting of a prequel titled Halo: The Fall of Reach, an actual novelization titled Halo: First Strike and a sequel titled Halo: Ghosts of Onyx.

Raymond Benson novelized the original Metal Gear Solid in 2008 and its sequel Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, while Project Itoh wrote a Japanese language novelization of Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots also in 2008 (with an English adaptation later published in 2012). Itoh was set to write novelizations of Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, but his death in 2009 resulted in these projects being handed to Beatless author Satoshi Hase and a new writer named Hitori Nojima (a pen name for Kenji Yano) respectively.<ref name=yanojima>Template:Cite twitter</ref> Kojima would go on to write Metal Gear Solid: Substance (a two-part alternate novelization of the original Metal Gear Solid and Metal Gear Solid 2), as well as the novelizations of Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain and Death Stranding (a game which he helped write the script for).

Orphaned novelizationsEdit

In some cases an otherwise standard novel may be based on an unfilmed screenplay. Ian Fleming's 1961 James Bond novel Thunderball was based on a script he had co-written; in this case his collaborators subsequently sued for plagiarism.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Peter O'Donnell's novel Modesty Blaise was a novelization of a refused film script. In this case the creator of the main character had written the script alone, but later on other authors had changed O'Donnell's original script over and over, until merely one single sentence remained from the original.<ref name="Modesty Blaise Books"/><ref name="TCM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="IMDB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The novel was released a year before the film and unlike the film it had sequels.

Frederick Forsyth's 1979 novel The Devil's Alternative was based on an unfilmed script he had written.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Cormac McCarthy's 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted from a screenplay the author wrote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This allowed the Coen brothers to stick "almost word for word" faithfully to the book when adapting it back into a screenplay for the acclaimed 2007 film of the same name.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Occasionally a novelization is issued even though the film is never made. Gordon Williams wrote the script and novelization for producer Harry Saltzman's abandoned film The Micronauts.<ref name="Starlog (September 1977)">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Lists of novelizationsEdit

Novels based on comicsEdit

Novels based on filmsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Novels by franchiseEdit

Franchise Title Author(s) ISBN Publisher Notes
Back to the Future Back to the Future (1985) George Gipe Template:ISBN Berkley Books Novelization of the film.
Back to the Future Part II (1989) Craig Shaw Gardner Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Back to the Future Part III (1990) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Bad News Bears The Bad News Bears (1976) Richard Woodley Template:ISBN Dell Publishing Novelization of the film.
The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
The Bad News Bears Go to Japan (1978) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Blade Runner Blade Runner: A Story of the Future (1982) Les Martin Template:ISBN Random House Novelization of the film.
Blade Runner 2: The Edge of Human (1995) K. W. Jeter Template:ISBN Bantam Books Sequel novel to the original film.
Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night (1996) Template:ISBN Spectra Second sequel novel to the original film.
Blade Runner 4: Eye and Talon (2000) Template:ISBN Gollancz Third sequel novel to the original film.
Dollars Trilogy A Fistful of Dollars (1972) Frank Chandler Template:ISBN Tandem Novelization of the film.
For a Few Dollars More (1965) Joe Millard Template:ISBN Award Books Novelization of the film.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1967) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
A Dollar to Die For (1967) Brian Fox Template:ISBN Original novel.
A Coffin Full of Dollars (1971) Joe Millard Template:ISBN Original novel.
The Devil's Dollar Sign (1972) Template:ISBN Original novel.
Blood for a Dirty Dollar (1973) Template:ISBN Original novel.
The Million-Dollar Bloodhunt (1973) Template:ISBN Original novel.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) William Kotzwinkle Berkley Books Novelization of the film.
E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet (1985) Template:ISBN Sequel novel, published three years after the original film.
Friday the 13th Friday the 13th Part 3 3-D (1982) Michael Avallone Template:ISBN Tower & Leisure Sales Co. First novelization of the film.
Jason Lives: Friday the 13th Part VI (1986) Simon Hawke Template:ISBN Signet Novelization of the film.
Friday the 13th (1987) Template:ISBN Novelization of the 1980 film.
Friday the 13th Part II (1988) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Friday the 13th Part III (1988) Template:ISBN Second novelization of the film.
Friday the 13th: Mother's Day (1994) William Pattinson (as Eric Morse) Template:ISBN Berkley Books Camp Crystal Lake series; the fifth installment was published as e-book; self-published by the author.
Friday the 13th: Jason's Curse (1994)
Friday the 13th: The Carnival (1994)
Friday the 13th: Road Trip (1994)
Friday the 13th: The Mask of Jason Voorhees (2011) None
Freddy vs. Jason (2005) Stephen Hand Novelization of the film.
Jason X (2005) Pat Cadigan Novelization of the film.
Jason X: The Experiment (2005) Template:ISBN Black Flame Jason X series
Jason X: Planet of the Beast (2005) Nancy Kilpatrick Black Flame
Jason X: Death Moon (2005) Alex Johnson Black Flame
Jason X: To the Third Power (2006) Nancy Kilpatrick Black Flame
Friday the 13th: Church of the Divine Psychopath (2005) Scott Phillips Template:ISBN Black Flame Friday the 13th series
Friday the 13th: Hell Lake (2005) Paul Woods Black Flame
Friday the 13th: Hate-Kill-Repeat (2005) Jason Arnopp Black Flame
Friday the 13th: The Jason Strain (2006) Chris Faust Black Flame
Friday the 13th: Carnival of Maniacs (2006) Stephen Hand Black Flame
Ghostbusters Ghostbusters (1984) Larry Milne Template:ISBN Coronet Books Novelization of the 1984 film.
Ghostbusters: The Return (2004) Sholly Fisch Template:ISBN I Books Non-canon alternate sequel to Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters II.
Halloween Halloween (1979) Curtis Richards Template:ISBN Bantam Books Novelization of the 1978 film.
Halloween II (1981) Jack Martin Template:ISBN Zebra Novelization of the film.
Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982) Template:ISBN Jove Books Novelization of the film.
Halloween IV (1988) Nicholas Grabowsky Template:ISBN Critic's Choice Paperbacks Novelization of the film Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers.
Halloween: The Scream Factory (1997) Kelly O'Rourke Template:ISBN Boulevard Books Original novel.
Halloween: The Old Myers Place (1997) Template:ISBN Original novel.
Halloween: The Mad House (1998) Template:ISBN Original novel.
Halloween (2018) John Passarella Novelization of the 2018 film.
Halloween Kills (2021) Tim Waggoner Template:ISBN Titan Books Novelization of the 2021 film.
Halloween Ends (2022) Paul Brad Logan Template:ISBN Titan Books Novelization of the 2022 film.
Happy Death Day Happy Death Day & Happy Death Day 2U (2019) Aaron Hartzler Template:ISBN Anchor Books Two novelizations in one volume.
Herbie The Love Bug (1969) Mel Cebulash Novelization of the film.
Herbie Rides Again (1974) Novelization of the film.
Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo (1977) Vic Crume Template:ISBN Scholastic Book Services Novelization of the film.
Herbie Goes Bananas (1980) Joe Claro Template:ISBN Scholastic Book Services Novelization of the film.
Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005) Novelization of the film.
Indiana Jones Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Campbell Black Template:ISBN Del Rey Books citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) James Kahn Template:ISBN Ballantine Books Novelization of the film.
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Rob MacGregor Template:ISBN Ballantine Books Novelization of the film.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) James Rollins Template:ISBN Del Rey Novelization of the film.
It's Alive It's Alive (1977) Richard Woodley Template:ISBN Ballantine Books Novelization of the film.
It Lives Again (1978) James Dixon Template:ISBN Ballantine Books Novelization of the film.
Jaws Jaws 2 (1978) Hank Searls Template:ISBN Bantam Books Novelization of the film.
Jaws: The Revenge (1987) Template:ISBN Berkley Books Novelization of the film.
James Bond James Bond, the Spy Who Loved Me (1977) Christopher Wood Template:ISBN Jonathan Cape Novelization of the film.
James Bond and Moonraker (1979) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
King Kong King Kong (1932) Delos W. Lovelace Grosset & Dunlap Novelization of the 1933 film.
King Kong (2005) Christopher Golden Template:ISBN Pocket Star Books Novelization of the 2005 film.
Living Dead Night of the Living Dead (1974) John A. Russo Template:ISBN Warner Paperback Library Novelization of the 1968 film.
Return of the Living Dead (1977) John A. Russo Template:ISBN Dale Publishing Alternate sequel novel to the 1968 film; later adapted to film as The Return of the Living Dead (1985).
Dawn of the Dead (1978) George A. Romero
Susanna Sparrow
Template:ISBN St. Martin's Press Novelization of the 1978 film.
The Living Dead (2020) George A. Romero
Daniel Kraus
Template:ISBN Tor Books Original novel.
Mad Max Mad Max (1979) Terry Kaye Template:ISBN Circus Books Novelization of the film.
Mad Max 2 (1981) Carl Ruhan Template:ISBN QB Books Novelization of the film.
Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985) Joan D. Vinge Template:ISBN Warner Books Novelization of the film.
A Nightmare on Elm Street The Nightmares on Elm Street Parts 1, 2, 3: The Continuing Story (1987) Jeffrey Cooper Template:ISBN St. Martin's Press Novelization of the 1984 film and the sequels Freddy's Revenge and Dream Warriors.
The Nightmares on Elm Street Parts 4 & 5 (1989) Joseph Locke Template:ISBN Novelization of the films The Dream Master and The Dream Child.
Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994) David Bergantino Template:ISBN Tor Books Novelization of the film.
The Omen The Omen (1976) David Seltzer Template:ISBN Futura Books
Signet
Novelization of the 1976 film.
Damien: Omen II (1978) Joseph Howard Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
The Final Conflict (1981) Gordon McGill Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Omen IV: Armageddon 2000 (1983) Template:ISBN First of two novels set after The Final Conflict, unrelated to the 1991 film Omen IV: The Awakening.
Omen V: The Abomination (1985) Template:ISBN Second of two novels set after The Final Conflict.
The Oz Books The Scarecrow of Oz (1915) L. Frank Baum None Reilly & Britton Novelization of the 1914 silent film, His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz.
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914) Novelization of the 1913 play, The Tik-Tok Man of Oz.
Return to Oz (1985) Joan D. Vinge Template:ISBN Ballantine Books Novelization of the film.
Alistair Hedley Template:ISBN Puffin Books Junior novelization; published as part of the "Young Puffin" series.
The Pink Panther The Pink Panther (1963) Martin Albert Template:ISBN Bantam Books Novelization of the 1963 film.
The Return of the Pink Panther (1975) Frank Waldman Template:ISBN Ballantine Books
Futura Books
Novelization of the film.
The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
The Pink Panther (2006) Max Allan Collins Novelization of the 2006 film.
Planet of the Apes Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970) Michael Avallone Template:ISBN Bantam Books Novelization of the film.
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971) Jerry Pournelle Award Books Novelization of the film.
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972) John Jakes Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973) David Gerrold Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
Rambo Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) David Morrell Template:ISBN Jove Books Novelization of the film.
Rambo III (1988) Template:ISBN Novelization of the film.
The Shaggy Dog The Shaggy Dog (1967) Elizabeth L. Griffen [none] Scholastic Book Services Novelization of the 1959 film.
The Shaggy D.A. (1976) Vic Crume Template:ISBN Fawcett Publications Novelization of the film.
Species Species (1995) Yvonne Navarro Template:ISBN Bantam Books Novelization of the film.
Species II (1998) Template:ISBN Tom Doherty Associates, LLC Novelization of the film.
Witch Mountain Return from Witch Mountain (1978) Alexander Key Template:ISBN Westminster Press Novelization of the film.
Race to Witch Mountain (2009) James Ponti Novelization of the film.

Standalone novelsEdit

Title Author Catalog / ISBN Publisher Date Notes
Dr. Cyclops Henry Kuttner Catalog: 445-02485-060 (1967 paperback)
ISBN: Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT (1967 paperback); Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT (1976 paperback)
Stellar Publishing (original); Phoenix Press (1940 hardback); Popular Library (1967 paperback); Centaur Books (1976 paperback) June 1940 (original) Novelization of the film, first published as a installment in the Thrilling Wonder Stories pulp magazine (June 1940).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Lady and the Tramp: The Story of Two Dogs Ward Greene 53-10818 Simon & Schuster 1953 First novelization of the 1955 film, published two years before the release of the source film.
Monster Godzilla Shigeru Kayama [none] (original) Iwatani Bookstore October 25, 1954 Radio drama of the film Godzilla.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Blood Feast Herschell Gordon Lewis Template:ISBNT Novel Books 1964 citation CitationClass=web

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Two Thousand Maniacs! Herschell Gordon Lewis Template:ISBNT Novel Books 1964 citation CitationClass=web

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The Story of Walt Disney's Motion Picture – Mary Poppins Mary Virginia Carey 2317 Whitman Publishing Company 1964 Young adult novelization of the 1964 film.
The Story of Walt Disney's Motion Picture – The Jungle Book Mary Virginia Carey 2726 Whitman Publishing Company 1967 Young adult novelization of the 1967 film.
House of Dark Shadows Marilyn Ross 64-537 Paperback Library October 1970 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

THX 1138 Ben Bova Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Paperback Library 1971 Novelization of the film.
Super Fly Philip Fenty Template:ISBNT Sphere Books 1972 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Coffy Paul W. Fairman 75487-095 Lancer Books 1973 citation CitationClass=web

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That Darn Cat The Gordons Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Scholastic Book Services 1973 Novelization of the 1965 film, published eight years after the release of the source film.
Blazing Saddles Tad Richards Template:ISBNT Warner Paperback Library 1974 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Earthquake George Fox Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Signet Books December 1974 Novelization of the film.
The Sugarland Express Henry Clement 445-08276-125 Popular Library 1974 Novelization of the film.
Black Christmas Lee Hays 445-08467-150 Popular Library 1976 citation CitationClass=web

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One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing John Harvey Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library March 4, 1976 Novelization of the film.
Superdad Ann Spanoghe Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library November 1976 Novelization of the film.
The Three Caballeros Jimmy Corinis Template:ISBN / Template:ISBN New English Library February 5, 1976 Second novelization of the 1944 film.
Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland (1977) Ann Spano Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT (UK) New English Library (UK); Wonder Books (US) February 3, 1977 (UK) Novelization of the 1951 film of the same title.
Communion Frank Lauria Template:ISBNT Random House Publishing 1977 Novelization of the film, better known as Alice, Sweet Alice.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Close Encounters of the Third Kind Steven Spielberg, Leslie Waller Template:ISBNT Dell Books 1977 Novelization of the film.
Treasure of Matecumbe Derry Moffatt Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library April 1977 Novelization of the film.
The Cat from Outer Space Ted Key Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Pocket Books June 1978 Novelization of the film.
The Deer Hunter E. M. Corder Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Jove Books 1978 Novelization of the film.
Hot Lead and Cold Feet Ted Sparks Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Scholastic Book Services 1978 Novelization of the film.
In Search of the Castaways Hettie Jones Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Pocket Books February 1978 Novelization of the film, published 16 years after the release of the source film.
Walt Disney's The Jungle Book (1978) Jean Bethell Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Wonder Books (1978); Ottenheimer Publishers (1984) 1978, 1984 First junior novelization of the 1967 film.
Pete's Dragon (US) Jean Bethell Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Wonder Books 1978 American novelization of the 1977 film.
Pete's Dragon (UK) Dewy Moffatt Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library October 1978 British novelization of the 1977 film.
Warlords of Atlantis Paul Victor Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Futura Books 1978 Novelization of the film.
The Wicker Man Robin Hardy, Anthony Shaffer Template:ISBNT Crown Publishing Group 1978 citation CitationClass=web

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1941 Bob Gale Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1979 Novelization of the film.
American Gigolo Timothy Harris Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Dell Publishing 1979 Novelization of the film; published a year before the release of the source film.
The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again Gary Poole Template:ISBNT/Template:ISBNT Ace Books June 1979 Novelization of the film.
The Black Hole Alan Dean Foster Template:ISBNT/Template:ISBNT Del Rey Books December 1979 Novelization of the film.
The Complete American Graffiti: The Novel John Minahan Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Berkley Books 1979 Novelization of the films American Graffiti and More American Graffiti.
Meteor Edmund H. North, Franklin Coen Template:ISBNT Warner Books October 1979 Novelization of the film.
Prophecy David Seltzer Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1979 Novelization of the film.
The Spaceman and King Arthur Heather Simon Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library August 1979 British novelization of the film Unidentified Flying Oddball, under the alternative title.
The Fog Dennis Etchison Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1980 Novelization of the film.
The Awakening Ronald Chetwynd-Hayes 1980 Novelization of the film, which in turn was based on Bram Stoker's novel The Jewel of Seven Stars<ref>Haunts: Reliquaries of the Dead</ref>
Dead & Buried Chelsea Quinn Yarbro 1980
The Funhouse Dean Koontz Template:ISBNT Jove Books 1980 Novelization of the film, released a year before its source material.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Heavy Metal L.F. Blake Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Magnum Littlehampton Book Services 1980 Novelization of the film.
Riding High Novelization of the film.
The Last Flight of Noah's Ark (US) Chas Carner Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1980 American novelization of the film.
The Last Flight of Noah's Ark (UK) Heather Simon Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library 1980 British novelization of the film.
Midnight Madness Tom Wright Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ace Books 1980 Novelization of the film.
Saturn 3 Steve Gallagher Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Sphere Books 1980 Novelization of the film.
Snowball Express Joe Claro Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Scholastic Book Services 1980 Novelization of the film, released eight years after its source.
Teddy John Gault Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1980 Novelization of the film The Pit, released a year before its source.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Butcher, Baker, Nightmare Maker Joseph Burgo, Richard Natale Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1981 citation CitationClass=web

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Condorman (US) Joe Claro Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT (original)
Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT (reprint)
Scholastic Book Services 1981 American novelization of the film.
Condorman (UK) Heather Simon Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library 1981 British novelization of the film.
The Devil and Max Devlin Robert Grossbach Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1981 Novelization of the film.
Dragonslayer Wayland Drew Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1981 Novelization of the film.
Final Exam Geoffrey Meyer Template:ISBNT Pinnacle Books 1981 citation CitationClass=web

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The Fox and the Hound Heather Simon Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Archway Paperbacks December 1981 First novelization of the film.
Gallipoli Jack Bennett Template:ISBNT St. Martins Press 1981 Novelization of the film.
Hawk the Slayer Terry Marcel
Harry Robertson
Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT New English Library 1981 Novelization of the film.
The Wave Todd Strasser Template:ISBNT Dell Publishing 1981 Novelization of the film.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Zorro, The Gay Blade Les Dean Template:ISBNT Leisure Books 1981 Novelization of the film.
Poltergeist James Kahn Template:ISBNT Grand Central Pub 1982 citation CitationClass=web

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Buckaroo Banzai Earl Mac Rauch Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1984 citation CitationClass=web

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Splash Ian Don Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1984 Novelization of the film.
Baby Ian Don Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1985 Novelization of the film.
Escape from New York Mike McQuay Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1985 citation CitationClass=web

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Fright Night John Skipp, Craig Spector Template:ISBNT Goldmann 1985 citation CitationClass=web

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The Journey of Natty Gann Ann Matthews Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Archway Paperbacks 1985 Novelization of the film.
One Magic Christmas Martin Noble Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT W. H. Allen & Co. 1985 Novelization of the film.
My Science Project Mike McQuay Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1985 Novelization of the film.
Return of the Living Dead John A. Russo Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Arrow Books 1985 Novelization of the film.
The Terminator Randall Frakes, William Wisher Jr. Template:ISBNT Spectra Books 1985 citation CitationClass=web

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Young Sherlock Holmes Alan Arnold Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Grafton 1985 Novelization of the film.
The Aristocats Victoria Crenson Template:ISBNT Ottenheimer Publishers 1986 Junior novelization of the film.
Down and Out in Beverly Hills Ian Marter Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1986 Novelization of the film.
Lady and the Tramp Victoria Crenson Template:ISBNT Ottenheimer Publishers 1986 Junior novelization of the film.
RoboCop Ed Naha Template:ISBNT Dell Publishing 1986 citation CitationClass=web

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Ruthless People Martin Noble Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1986 Novelization of the film.
Short Circuit Colin Wedgelock Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Sphere Books 1986 Novelization of the film.
Song of the South Victoria Crenson Template:ISBNT Ottenheimer Publishers 1986 Junior novelization of the film.
Adventures in Babysitting Elizabeth Faucher Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Point 1987 Novelization of the film.
Harry and the Hendersons Joyce Thompson Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Berkley Books 1987 citation CitationClass=web

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Lethal Weapon Kirk Mitchell Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1987 citation CitationClass=web

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The Lost Boys Craig Shaw Gardner Template:ISBNT Berkley Books 1987 citation CitationClass=web

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Outrageous Fortune Robin Turner Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1987 Novelization of the film.
Re-Animator Jeff Rovin Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1987 citation CitationClass=web

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Tin Men Martin Noble Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1987 Novelization of the film.
Tucker: The Man and His Dream Robert Tine Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1988 Novelization of the film.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit Martin Noble Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Star Books 1988 Novelization of the film.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit Justine Korman Template:ISBNT Puffin Books 1988 Junior novelization of the film.
Willow Wayland Drew Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Ballantine Books 1988 Novelization of the film.
The Abyss Orson Scott Card Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1989 Novelization of the film.
Black Rain Mike Cogan Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1989 Novelization of the film.
Dead Poets Society Nancy H. Kleinbaum Template:ISBNT Hyperion Books 1989 Novelization of the film.
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Elizabeth Faucher Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Fantail 1989 Novelization of the film.
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Bonnie Bryant Hiller and Neil W. Hiller Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Scholastic, Inc. 1989 Junior novelization of the film.
Total Recall Piers Anthony Template:ISBNT Arrow Books 1989 citation CitationClass=web

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Darkman Randall Boyll Template:ISBNT Jove 1990 citation CitationClass=web

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Hudson Hawk Geoffrey Marsh Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Jove Books 1991 Novelization of the film.
Bram Stoker's Dracula Fred Saberhagen, James V. Hart Template:ISBNT Signet Books 1992 citation CitationClass=web

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Far and Away Sonja Massie Template:ISBNT Berkley Books 1992 Novelization of the film.
Demolition Man Robert Tine Template:ISBNT E. P. Dutton 1993 citation CitationClass=web

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12 Monkeys Elizabeth Hand Template:ISBNT HarperPrism 1995 citation CitationClass=web

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Lord of Illusions Clive Barker Template:ISBNT Little, Brown and Company 1995 citation CitationClass=web

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Dragonheart Charles Edward Pogue Template:ISBNT Berkley Books 1996 citation CitationClass=web

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Space Jam Francine Hughes Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Scholastic Corporation 1996 Novelization of the film.
Mars Attacks! Jonathan Gems Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Signet Books 1996 citation CitationClass=web

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Good Burger Joseph Locke Template:ISBNT Pocket Books 1997 Novelization of the film.
Men in Black Steve Perry Template:ISBNT Bantam Books 1997 citation CitationClass=web

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Dark City Frank Lauria Template:ISBNT St. Martin's Press 1998 Novelization of the film.
Mulan Cathy East Dubowski Template:ISBNT Disney Press 1998 citation CitationClass=web

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The Iron Giant James Preller Template:ISBNT Scholastic Corporation 1999 citation CitationClass=web

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The Road to El Dorado Peter Lerangis Template:ISBNT / Template:ISBNT Puffin Books 2000 citation CitationClass=web

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Irene Trimble Template:ISBNT Disney Press 2003 citation CitationClass=web

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The Punisher D.A. Stern Template:ISBNT Del Rey Books 2004 citation CitationClass=web

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Van Helsing Kevin Ryan Template:ISBNT HarperCollins 2004 citation CitationClass=web

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Snakes on a Plane Christa Faust Template:ISBNT Games Workshop 2006 citation CitationClass=web

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The Toxic Avenger: The Novel Lloyd Kaufman, Adam Jahnke Template:ISBNT Running Press 2006 citation CitationClass=web

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V for Vendetta Steve Moore Template:ISBNT Pocket Star Books 2006 citation CitationClass=web

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30 Days of Night Tim Lebbon Template:ISBNT Pocket Star Books 2007 Novelization of the film.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Jennifer's Body Audrey Nixon Template:ISBNT HarperFestival 2009 citation CitationClass=web

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ParaNorman Elizabeth Cody Kimmel Template:ISBNT Little, Brown Books for Young Readers 2012 citation CitationClass=web

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Pacific Rim Alex Irvine Template:ISBNT Titan Books 2013 citation CitationClass=web

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Manos: The Hands of Fate Stephen D. Sullivan Template:ISBNT Walkabout Publishing 2015 citation CitationClass=web

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Kubo and the Two Strings Sadie Chesterfield Template:ISBNT Little, Brown and Company 2016 citation CitationClass=web

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Plan 9 from Outer Space Matthew Ewald Template:ISBNT Darkstone Productions, LLC 2016 citation CitationClass=web

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Zootopia Suzanne Francis Template:ISBNT Disney Press 2016 citation CitationClass=web

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Mean Girls Micol Ostow Template:ISBNT Scholastic Corporation 2017 citation CitationClass=web

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The House on Haunted Hill Tommy Jamerson Template:ISBNT Next Stage Press 2019 citation CitationClass=web

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Pan's Labyrinth: The Labyrinth of the Faun Guillermo del Toro, Cornelia Funke Template:ISBNT Katherine Tegen 2019 citation CitationClass=web

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Nightmare Pavilion Andy Rausch Template:ISBNT Happy Cloud Publishing 2020 Novelization of the film Carnival of Souls.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Freshwater Julian Michael Carver Template:ISBNT Severed Press 2021 Novelization of the film.
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Quentin Tarantino Template:ISBNT/Template:ISBNT Harper Perennial 2021 Novelization of the film.

Novels based on playsEdit

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Novels based on television programsEdit

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Standalone novelsEdit

Title Author Publisher ISBN Publication date Notes
Flight into Danger (1958) John Castle and Arthur Hailey Souvenir Press [none] 1958 Novelization of the CBC play of the same title; later adapted as the television film Terror in the Sky (1971).
Boy Dominic (1974) Geoffrey Morgan Armada Books Template:ISBN 1974 Based on the Yorkshire series of the same title.
The View from Daniel Pike (1974) Edward Boyd and Bill Knox
Intimate Strangers (1974) Alan Wykes New English Library Template:ISBN September 1974 Novelization of the LWT series of the same title.
The Organization (1974) Philip Mackie
Arthur of the Britons (1975) Rex Edwards Target Books Template:ISBN 1975 Original novel on the Harlech series of the same title.
Victorian Scandals (1976) Peter Wildeblood Arrow Books Template:ISBN 1976 Original novel on the Granada series of the same title.
Danger UXB (1979) Michael Beaker Pan Books and Macmillian London Template:ISBN 1979 Original novel based on the Thames series of the same title.
Quest of Eagles (1979) Richard Cooper
The Omega Factor (1979) Jack Gerson
The Ravelled Thread (1979) John Lucarotti Puffin Books
The Further Adventures of Oliver Twist (1980) David Butler Futura Publications Template:ISBN 1980 Novelization of the ATV serial of the same title.
Automan (1984) Martin Noble Target Books Template:ISBN 1984 Novelization of the pilot episode of the series of the same title.
By the Sword Divided (1983) Mollie Hardwick
The Bounder (1983) Eric Chappell
The Outsider (1983) Hugh Miller
Morgan's Boy (1984) Alick Rowe Sphere Books Template:ISBN 1984 Novelization of the BBC One series of the same title.
Mitch (1984) Roger Mark New English Library Template:ISBN 1984 Novelization of the LWT series of the same title.
Charlie (1984) Nigel Williams
Lytton's Diary (1985) Ray Connolly
Connie (1985) Ron Hutchinson
The Collectors (1986) Evan Christie Novelization of the BBC One series of the same title.

Novels by seriesEdit

Series Title Author(s) ISBN Publisher Notes
Battlestar Galactica (1978) Battlestar Galactica (1978) Glen A. Larson and Robert Thurston Novelization of the pilot episode "Saga of a Star World".
Battlestar Galactica 2: The Cylon Death Machine (1979) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 3: The Tombs of Kobol (1979) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 4: The Young Warriors (1979) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 5: Galactica Discovers Earth (1980) Glen A. Larson and Michael Resnick Novelization of the episode of the same title from Galactica 1980.
Battlestar Galactica 6: The Living Legend (1980) Glen A. Larson and Nicholas Yermakov Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 7: War of the Gods (1980) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 8: Greetings from Earth (1980) Glen A. Larson and Ron Goulart Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 9: Experiment in Terra (1980) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 10: The Long Patrol (1980) Novelization
Battlestar Galactica 11: The Nightmare Machine (1980) Glen A. Larson and Robert Thurston Original novel
Battlestar Galactica 12: "Die, Chameleon!" (1980) Original novel
Battlestar Galactica 13: Apollo's War (1980) Original novel
Battlestar Galactica 14: Surrender the Galactica! (1980) Original novel
Ben Casey Ben Casey (1962) William Johnston Lancer Books
Ben Casey: A Rage for Justice (1962) Norman Daniels
Ben Casey: The Strength of His Hands (1963) Sam Elkin
Ben Casey: The Fire Within (1963) Norman Daniels
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1978) Addison E. Steele Novelization of the pilot film.
Buck Rogers: That Man on Beta (1979) Novelization of an unproduced teleplay from the series.


Novels based on video gamesEdit

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Works citedEdit

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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