Nuclear Decommissioning Authority

Template:Short description Template:Infobox government agency The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (formerly the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy) formed by the Energy Act 2004. It evolved from the Coal and Nuclear Liabilities Unit of the Department of Trade and Industry. It came into existence during late 2004, and took on its main functions on 1 April 2005. Its purpose is to deliver the decommissioning and clean-up of the UK's civil nuclear legacy in a safe and cost-effective manner, and where possible to accelerate programmes of work that reduce hazard.

Although the NDA itself employs about 250 staff, its subsidiaries employ about 15,000 staff across the NDA estate.<ref name = 2020report >{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its annual budget is £3.5Template:Nbspbillion, the vast majority of which is spent through contracts with site licence companies, who also subcontract to other companies which provide special services. The NDA aims to do this by introducing innovation and contractor expertise through a series of competitions similar to the model that has been used in the United States.

In April 2017, the NDA lost a legal case in the Supreme Court regarding the procurement of a sizeable contract for the decommissioning of twelve different Magnox nuclear facilities when EnergySolutions EU (now called ATK Energy EU) challenged a decision in connection with ATK's unsuccessful bid.<ref>Press Summary: Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (Appellant) v EnergySolutions EU Ltd (now called ATK Energy EU Ltd) (Respondent) [2017] UKSC 34 on appeal from: [2015] EWCA Civ 1262, 11 April 2017</ref> In February 2018 Parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) concluded that the NDA had "dramatically under-estimated" costs and "completely failed" in the procurement and management of the Magnox Ltd contract, which was one of the highest value contracts let by the government. An independent inquiry into the deal was set up.<ref name=wnn-20180703>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=pac-20180227>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Activities

Objectives

The main objectives of NDA are to:

• eliminate site hazards and develop waste solutions;
• ensure the highest standards in safety, security and environmental management;
• build an effective world class industry;
• gain full approval and support from stakeholders (employees, contractors, government, local communities and general public); and
• make best use of assets and maximise value-for-money.

Structure

File:Aerial view Sellafield, Cumbria - geograph.org.uk - 50827.jpg

Sellafield, NDA's largest site

Responsibility for operating the sites has been restructured into five site licence companies (SLC). Management of the SLCs was formerly contracted out to different parent body organisations (PBO), some of which were initially owned by private companies.<ref>NDA Confirms Names of New Site Licence Companies, Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (14 February 2007)</ref> More recently, the NDA has transitioned to a "group approach" of SLCs being wholly-owned NDA subsidiaries <ref name= "NDA Strategy 2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Sellafield Ltd was previously BNFL's British Nuclear Group subsidiary. It comprises the Sellafield nuclear chemical facility and Calder Hall. It also previously managed the Capenhurst uranium enrichment plant, which is now owned by Urenco.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Its PBO was formerly Nuclear Management Partners Ltd, a consortium of URS, Amec Foster Wheeler and Areva. However, Sellafield Ltd has been under the direct control of the NDA since April 2016.
• Magnox Ltd (previously two separate site licence companies),<ref>Magnox Limited Template:Webarchive Magnox Sites (11 January 2011)</ref> manages ten Magnox nuclear power stations and the Harwell and Winfrith facilities. It comprises Chapelcross, Hunterston A, Trawsfynydd, Wylfa and Oldbury (previously Magnox North) and Berkeley, Bradwell, Dungeness A, Hinkley Point A and Sizewell A (previously Magnox South). Its PBO was formerly Cavendish Fluor Partnership, a consortium of Babcock International and Fluor. Magnox Ltd has been a subsidiary of the NDA since September 2019.
• Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL) comprises the Dounreay site. Until March 2021, its PBO was Cavendish Dounreay Partnership, a consortium of Babcock International, CH2M Hill and URS. It is now directly managed by the NDA.<ref name = ownerchange />
• LLW Repository comprises the Low Level Waste Repository near Drigg in Cumbria. Until July 2021, its PBO was UK Nuclear Waste Management, a consortium of URS, Studsvik, Areva and Serco. It is now a subsidiary of the NDA.<ref name = ownerchange>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Springfields Fuels comprises the Springfields nuclear fuel production facility near Preston, Lancashire. Its PBO is Westinghouse Electric Company, owned by a consortium of Brookfield Renewable Partners and Cameco.

On its creation, the NDA also took over ownership of Direct Rail Services, the rail freight operating company set up by BNFL in 1995 to transport nuclear materials; and International Nuclear Services, which operates services on behalf of the NDA for the management and transportation of nuclear fuels. Both have since merged to become Nuclear Transport Solutions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The NDA is also the owner of Radioactive Waste Management (RWM), which is responsible for implementing a geological disposal facility in the UK and provide radioactive waste management solutions.

In February 2017, a national archive for the UK civil nuclear industry, named Nucleus, was opened in Wick, Caithness, Scotland.<ref name=bbc-20170214>Template:Cite news</ref>

Costs

NDA increasing estimates of remaining cost of decommissioning and clean-up<ref name=nao-20150301>Template:Cite report</ref><ref name=gov-20160901/>

Year of estimate	Sellafield	Other NDA sites	Total
	(£ billions, discounted)
2009-10	25.2	19.9	45.1
2010-11	32.7	16.5	49.2
2011-12	37.2	15.6	52.9
2012-13	42.0	16.9	58.9
2013-14	47.9	17.0	64.9
2015-16	117.4	43.3	160.7
2017-18<ref name=nao-20180620>Template:Cite report</ref>	n/a	n/a	234.1
2018-19<ref name=nda-20190704/>	94.0 (undiscounted)	30.3 (undiscounted)	130.7
2019-20<ref name=2020report/>	96.5 (undiscounted)	35.1 (undiscounted)	134.9

In 2005, the cost of decommissioning these sites was planned at £55.8Template:Nbspbillion, with Sellafield requiring £31.5Template:Nbspbillion.<ref name=nda-strategy-2005>Template:Cite report</ref> However, in 2006, the NDA reported that the cost of cleaning up existing waste was higher than previously thought, and gave a new estimated decommissioning cost of about £72Template:Nbspbillion over a 100-year period.<ref name=bbc-20060330>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2008, estimated decommissioning costs increased to £73.6Template:Nbspbillion, or after taking account of discount rates, £44.1Template:Nbspbillion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A 2006 estimate foresaw £14Template:Nbspbillion of offsetting income from reprocessing fuel at Sellafield.<ref name=bbc-20060330 /> In 2009, the NDA sold land near three existing reactor sites for expected new nuclear power stations, for over £200Template:Nbspmillion.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In 2013, a critical Public Accounts Committee report stated that the private consortium managing Sellafield has failed to reduce costs and delays. Between 2005 and 2013, the annual costs of operating Sellafield increased from £900Template:Nbspmillion to about £1.6Template:Nbspbillion. The estimated lifetime undiscounted cost of dealing with the Sellafield site increased to £67.5Template:Nbspbillion.<ref name=bbc-20130204>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=guardian-20130204>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite report</ref> Bosses were forced to apologise after projected clean-up costs passed the £70Template:Nbspbillion mark in late 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2014, the undiscounted decommissioning cost estimate for Sellafield was increased to £79.1Template:Nbspbillion,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and by 2015 to £117.4Template:Nbspbillion.<ref name=gov-20160901>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The annual operating cost will be £2Template:Nbspbillion in 2016.<ref name=wnn-20160106>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2018, the discount rate used in evaluating future spending was changed from a HM Treasury determined real terms discount rate to a rate that combined a nominal discount rate and an implied inflation rate based on Consumer Price Index forecasts. This nearly halved the estimate of the remaining cost of decommissioning and clean-up.<ref name=nda-20190704>Template:Cite report</ref>

The expenditure of the NDA in 2022/23 was £3,759M and income £1,059M, leading to a net expenditure of £2,700M.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

National Nuclear Laboratory

In 2006, the then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry announced his support for a National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) to be based on the British Technology Centre at Sellafield and Nexia Solutions.<ref>Alistair Darling announces the formation of the National Nuclear Laboratory Template:Webarchive, Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (30/06/06).</ref> The NDA, as the owner of Sellafield site and the funder of majority of research required across the nuclear estate, was involved establishing the NNL in 2009. The NNL complements other initiatives to develop a sustainable workforce such as the National Skills Academy for Nuclear (NSAN) network, including the development of Energus in West Cumbria, alongside complementary research and development facilities such as the Dalton Nuclear Institute.

External links

• Template:Official website