Operation Emery
Template:Short description Template:See also Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:GeoGroup
The United States's Emery nuclear test series<ref name=LT_1/> was a group of 16 nuclear weapons tests conducted in 1970 and 1971. These tests <ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Template:Cite journal</ref> followed the Operation Mandrel series and preceded the Operation Grommet series.
The underground Baneberry test vented into the atmosphere. For descriptions, see Yucca Flat#Baneberry and List of military nuclear accidents#1970s
| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref> | Date time (UT) | Local time zone<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Location<ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref> | Elevation + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref> | Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref> Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref> |
Device<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref> | Yield<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, or megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref> | Fallout<ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref> | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scree-Acajou - 1Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:05:00.02 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsx24 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_44/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Scree-Alhambra - 2Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:05:00.02 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsz21 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_57/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Scree-Chamois - 3Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:05:00.02 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsz24 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| TijerasTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7y Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_158/><ref name=LT_40/> | ||||
| Truchas-Chacon - 1Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:30:00.03 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hn Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Truchas-Chamisal - 2Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ho Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Truchas-Rodarte - 3Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hm Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| AbeytasTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3gx Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_158/><ref name=LT_40/> | ||||
| PenascoTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hl Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_44/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_57/> | ||||
| Carrizozo - 1 (with Corazon)Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:07:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hr Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | ||||
| Corazon - 2 (with Corrizozo)Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:07:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ha Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_44/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | ||||
| ArtesiaTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.09 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7x Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/> | ||||
| Avens-Alkermes - 2Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsu24 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Avens-Andorre - 1Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itst28 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Avens-Asamite - 3Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsw21 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Avens-Cream - 4Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsx29 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/> | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| CanjilonTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3fq Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | ||||
| CarpetbagTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:05:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dg Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/> | |||
| BaneberryTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:30:00.2 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U8d Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected off site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/><ref name=LT_148/> | 6-month moratorium caused by Template:Convert escaped radioactivity in this test. | ||
| EmbudoTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:50:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hd Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_44/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/> | ||||
| DexterTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hs Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> | ||||
| LagunaTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3fd Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_158/><ref name=LT_40/> | ||||
| HarebellTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:00:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2br Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/><ref name=LT_40/> | |||
| CamphorTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 18:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12g.10 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | tunnel, weapon effect |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1/><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_34/><ref name=LT_6/> |