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Ophioglossum vulgatum, commonly known as adder's-tongue,<ref>Template:Citation, p. 9</ref> southern adder's-tongue or adder's-tongue fern, is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae.<ref name=grin>Template:GRIN</ref>

The chloroplast genome was reported to have a size of 138,562 base pairs.<ref>Hao, J., Liang, Y., Zhu, M., Ping, J., Feng, P., Su, Y., & Wang, T. (2021). The complete chloroplast genome of Ophioglossum vulgatum L.(Ophioglossaceae) and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 6(9), 2730-2731.</ref>

DescriptionEdit

Ophioglossum vulgatum grows from a rhizome base to 10–20 cm tall (rarely to 30 cm).Template:Citation needed It consists of a two-part frond, separated into a 4-12 cm rounded diamond-shaped leaf sheath and narrow branchless spore-bearing spike.<ref name="Piirainen">Template:Cite book</ref> The spike has around 10-40 segments on each side.Template:Citation needed

It reproduces by means of spores.<ref name="Piirainen" />

TaxonomyEdit

Linnaeus described adder's-tongue with the binomial Ophioglossum vulgatum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

DistributionEdit

It is native to many regions with a wide scattered distribution: throughout temperate through tropical Africa and throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northeastern North America, temperate Asia, and Eurasia.<ref name=grin/><ref>USDA</ref>

HabitatEdit

This small, hard-to-spot plant can occur singly in unimproved pastures, rock crevices and grassy path-sides, but also can occur in colonies of hundreds of plants in sand dunes.Template:Citation needed

In Finland, unlike elsewhere, it grows on seashores, unlike other parts of the world where it tends to be a calciphile. Finland has fitting lime rich soil habitat sparsely, but the plant has found an equivalent living habitat from Finland's seashores affected by a post-glacial rebound: land just risen from the sea is often quite neutral and contains mineral salts in addition to being open and bare enough.<ref name="Piirainen" />

RarityEdit

This species is rare in most European countries. In Ukraine, there were recorded 280 loci: 152 before 1980, after 1980 – 120, as before and after 1980 – 8 locations.<ref>Parnikoza I., Celka Z. An Archive of the Ophiglossaceae in Ukraine </ref>

UsesEdit

Traditional European folk use of leaves and rhizomes as a poultice for wounds. This remedy was sometimes called the "Green Oil of Charity". A tea made from the leaves was used as a traditional European folk remedy for internal bleeding and vomiting.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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