Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation
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The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (French: Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d'ARmement; OCCAR) is a European intergovernmental organisation that facilitates and manages collaborative armament programmes through their lifecycle between the governments of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
HistoryEdit
<timeline> ImageSize = width:280 height:270 PlotArea = left:50 right:0 bottom:10 top:10 DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1993 till:2005 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1993 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1993
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at:2005 shift:15,-6 text: Accession of Spain at:2004 shift:15,-6 text: Re-organisation of Central Office at:2003 shift:15,-6 text: Accession of Belgium at:2001 shift:15,-6 text: OCCAR Legal Status at:1998 shift:15,-6 text: Signature of the Convention at:1997 shift:15,-6 text: Early staffing of Central Office at:1996 shift:15,-6 text: Franco-German precursor team at:1995 shift:15,-6 text: Principles of Baden-Baden at:1993 shift:15,-6 text: Franco-German Declaration
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OCCAR was established on 12 November 1996 by the Defence Ministers of France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. Legal status was not achieved, however, until January 2001 when the parliaments of the four founding states ratified the OCCAR Convention. Other European nations may join OCCAR, subject to their actual involvement in a substantive collaborative equipment programme involving at least one OCCAR partner and ratification of the OCCAR Convention. Belgium and Spain joined the organisation in respectively 2003 and 2005.
Other states can participate to OCCAR programmes without becoming a member state. Currently the European Union member states and/or NATO members Turkey, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Finland, Sweden, Lithuania and Poland participate in one or more OCCAR programmes without being formal members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Australia also participates in OCCAR as a non-member with a focus on the Boxer, Tiger ARH and MU-90 Impact platforms. <ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2023 Australia became the first non-European country to act as a participating state as part of OCCAR when it signed onto the MU-90 In-service support program.<ref name=":0" /> In November 2023 the Netherlands voiced its intention to join OCCAR.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
StructureEdit
The highest decision-making body within OCCAR as corporate organisation is the Board of Supervisors (BoS). Each OCCAR programmes is supervised by a Programme Board (strategic decisions) and a Programme Committee (operational decisions). The programmes are executed by the OCCAR Executive Administration (OCCAR-EA) in accordance with the decisions of the supervisory bodies. OCCAR-EA is headed by the OCCAR Director (Joachim Sucker since Feb 2023) and consists of a Central Office and the Programme Divisions. OCCAR-EA employs over 300 staff members.
Current programmesEdit
The 16 programmes currently managed by OCCAR are the following:
AircraftEdit
- Airbus A400M Atlas turboprop military transport aircraft
- Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopter
- Eurodrone or European Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (MALE RPAS)
- Multinational Multi-Role Tanker Transport Fleet (MMF)
Intelligence and communicationsEdit
- COBRA counter-battery radar system
- Multinational Space-based Imaging System (MUSIS)
- Night Vision Capability - 2021 acquisition of 9,550 units for Belgium and Germany, from a consortium of Hensoldt and Theon Sensors
Land vehiclesEdit
- Boxer multirole armoured vehicle
Missiles/TorpedoesEdit
- FSAF & PAAMS surface-to-air anti-missile systems
- Future Tactical Air-to-Surface Missile (Missile Air-Sol Tactique Futur, MAST-F) - under development for French Tiger III by MBDA
- MU90 Impact
ShipsEdit
- FREMM Multimission frigates
- Logistic Support Ships - Vulcano-class logistic support ships for Italy and Bâtiment ravitailleur de forces for France
- Maritime Mine Counter Measures (MCMM)
- Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel (Pattugliatore Polivalente d'Altura, PPA)
- U212 Near Future Submarine
