Papeete

Template:Short description Template:Infobox French commune Papeete (Tahitian: Papeʻetē, pronounced {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; old name: Vaiʻetē<ref name=Sch>Personal communication with Michael Koch in Template:Cite book</ref>) is the capital city of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Papeʻetē is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, of which Papeʻetē is the administrative capital.<ref name=#2005-1611>Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française Template:Webarchive, Légifrance</ref> Both the President of French Polynesia and French High Commissioner reside in Papeʻetē.<ref name="Kay2001p106">Kay, p. 106</ref>

It is the primary center of Tahitian and French Polynesian public and private governmental, commercial, industrial, and financial services, the hub of French Polynesian tourism and a commonly used port of call.<ref name="Kay2001p106"/> The Windward Islands are themselves part of the Society Islands. The name Papeʻetē,<ref group="Note">Sometimes also spelled Papeete in languages other than Tahitian. The use of the [[Template:Okinaokina]], which looks similar to an apostrophe, to represent the glottal stop, is promoted by the Académie Tahitienne and accepted by the territorial government (see http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5). The ʻokina, however, is often omitted. Template:Webarchive</ref> means "water from a basket"<ref name="Kay2001p102">Kay, p. 102.</ref>— this was an effect of a naming taboo during Pōmare I's reign where the Tahitian contemporary word for water vai was substituted with pape,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> the old name Vaiʻetē is still recognised in some areas such as the Marquesas.<ref name=Sch/> The urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the commune of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē proper.<ref name=pop2022/>

Geography

Template:Css Image Crop The commune of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is subdivided into eleven quartiers (wards):<ref>Arue – 12A Arahiri/Rimapp Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Map of wards subdivision</ref><ref>List of wards subdivision</ref>

ID Quartier Quartier Area km2 Pop. 2017-08-17 Density /km2 Location 35A Manuhōʻē - Fareʻute - Motu uta 1.15 2,301 2,000 Coast 35B Patutoa 0.44 1,653 3,748 Coast 35C Taunoa 0.40 2,187 5,512 Coast 35D Fāriʻipiti 0.34 1,811 5,332 Near coast 35E Titioro 3.53 3,566 1,009 Inland 35F Tepapa 4.63 3,407 736 Inland 35G Faiere 0.87 1,933 2,213 Coast 35H Pic Rouge 3.23 1,973 611 Inland 35I Tīpaeruʻi 1.93 4,187 2,143 Coast 35J Paofai 0.60 1,638 2,743 Coast 35K Mamaʻo 0.52 2,269 4,343 Near coast 35 Papeʻetē 17.64 26,925 1,526

File:Quartiers de Papeete.svg PapeTemplate:Okinaetē: subdivision in 11 quartiers

Climate

PapeTemplate:Okinaetē features a tropical monsoon climate (Am according to the Köppen climate classification) with a wet season and dry season, bordering a tropical rainforest climate, with high temperatures and humidity year round. However, precipitation is observed even during the city's dry season. The dry season is short, covering only the months of August and September. The rest of the year is wet, with the heaviest precipitation falling in the months of December and January. Sunshine is moderately high, as most precipitation comes as thunderstorms and cyclones, and does not last for long.

History of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē

Template:Multiple image In 1902, it became necessary to move the post office of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē to another location. Instead of demolishing it and rebuilding it at the new site, it was lifted from the subsoil and moved as a whole on a Decauville railway.

Previously, during the construction of the FaTemplate:Okinaaiere water tower with a capacity of 150,000 litres for the drinking water supply of the city of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē, a difference in altitude of Template:Convert was overcome with a light railway laid on a Template:Convert long inclined plane. A winch driven by a 12-horsepower Fowler or Decauville locomobile carried three narrow gauge railway trucks at a time, consuming up to Template:Convert of coal per day for about sixty journeys.<ref>Aubrac: Le chemin de fer en Polynésie Française.</ref> Paul Decauville mentioned in a letter to Governor Theodore Lacascade, dated 18 June 1891, an order for "Template:Convert of Template:Track gauge portable rail tracks and about 12,000 francs of rolling stock, payable in three years", presumably for a tramway from PapeTemplate:Okinaetē to [[Punaauia|PunaTemplate:Okinaauia]] operated by hand or animals.<ref>Aubrac: Déplacement du bureau de poste de Papeete à l'aide de wagonnets utilisant une voie étroite.</ref><ref>Matériaux locaux en Polynésie – Plusieurs chemins de fer à Papeete.</ref>

File:Papeete Town Hall, Papeete, 2009.jpg

PapeTemplate:Okinaetē Town Hall, a replica of the Royal Palace of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē razed in the 1960s

At the outbreak of World War I PapeTemplate:Okinaetē was shelled by German vessels, causing loss of life and significant damage.

The growth of the city was boosted by the decision to move the French nuclear weapon test range from Algeria, which had become independent, to the atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa, some Template:Convert to the east of Tahiti. This was motivated, in particular, by the construction of the [[Faa'a International Airport|FaTemplate:OkinaaTemplate:Okinaā International Airport]], the only international airport in French Polynesia, near PapeTemplate:Okinaetē. In 1983, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built the [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|PapeTemplate:Okinaetē Tahiti Temple]] here because of its large number of members in the region. On 5 September 1995 the government of Jacques Chirac conducted the first of a series of nuclear test detonations off the shores of Moruroa. A resulting riot in PapeTemplate:Okinaetē lasted for two days and damaged the international airport, injured 40 people, and scared away tourism for some time.<ref name=testing>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Similar rioting had occurred after another French nuclear test in the same area in 1987.

Transportation

The streets of the town center are very busy, and traffic can be a problem since they are very narrow. The Tahiti freeway starts close to the town center as Pōmare Boulevard, named after the Tahitian Royal Family of the 19th century. By air, passengers depart from the [[Faa'a International Airport|FaTemplate:OkinaaTemplate:Okinaā International Airport]]. Domestic interisland service is operated by Air Tahiti with international flights being operated by Air Tahiti Nui, Air France, LATAM Chile, United and other airlines. By sea, passengers can use a marine ferry service for travel to Moorea or a Bora Bora cruise line service for travel to Bora Bora.

Demographics

The urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the commune of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē proper.<ref name=pop2022 /> The urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is made up of six communes. They are listed from northeast to southwest:

• Māhina
• Arue
• Pīraʻe
• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē (historically the most populous commune in the urban area, and still the administrative capital)
• Faʻaʻā (which became in 1988 the most populous commune in the urban area)
• [[Punaauia|PunaTemplate:Okinaauia]]

Historical population

	1956	1962	1971	1977	1983	1988	1996	2002	2007	2012	2017
PapeTemplate:Okinaetē (commune)	18,089	19,903	25,342	22,967	23,496	23,555	25,553	26,222	26,017	25,769	26,926
PapeTemplate:Okinaetē (urban area)	28,975	35,514	65,185	77,781	93,294	103,857	115,759	127,327	131,695	133,627	136,771
Official figures from population censuses.<ref name=pop2017>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation												CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=pop>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Average population growth of the PapeTemplate:Okinaetē urban area:

• 1956–1962: +1,107 people per year (+3.5% per year)
• 1962–1971: +3,597 people per year (+7.6% per year)
• 1971–1977: +2,025 people per year (+2.9% per year)
• 1977–1983: +2,400 people per year (+2.9% per year)
• 1983–1988: +2,158 people per year (+2.2% per year)
• 1988–1996: +1,489 people per year (+1.4% per year)
• 1996–2002: +1,873 people per year (+1.6% per year)
• 2002–2007: +913 people per year (+0.7% per year)
• 2007–2012: +386 people per year (+0.3% per year)
• 2012–2017: +631 people per year (+0.5% per year)

Migrations

The places of birth of the 136,771 residents in the PapeTemplate:Okinaetē urban area at the 2017 census were the following (2007 census in parentheses):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• 72.5% were born in Tahiti (up from 68.4% at the 2007 census)
• 11.3% in Metropolitan France (down from 12.8% at the 2007 census)
• 6.2% in the Society Islands (other than Tahiti) (down from 6.8% at the 2007 census)
• 2.9% in the Tuamotu-Gambier (down from 3.6% at the 2007 census)
• 1.9% in the Marquesas Islands (down from 2.1% at the 2007 census)
• 1.6% in the Austral Islands (down from 2.0% at the 2007 census)
• 1.3% in the overseas departments and territories of France other than French Polynesia (0.9% in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna; 0.4% in the other overseas departments and collectivities) (down from 1.6% at the 2007 census)
• 0.6% in Southeast Asia and East Asia (down from 0.7% at the 2007 census)
• 0.4% in North Africa (most of them Pieds-Noirs) (down from 0.5% at the 2007 census)
• 1.3% in other foreign countries (down from 1.5% at the 2007 census)

Languages

At the 2017 census, 98.4% of the population in the urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they could speak French (up from 98.2% at the 2007 census). 96.7% reported that they could also read and write it (up from 96.5% at the 2007 census). Only 0.7% of the population whose age was 15 years and older had no knowledge of French (down from 1.2% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=lang_2007>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At the same census, 83.9% of the population in the urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that the language they spoke the most at home was French (up from 79.7% at the 2007 census). 13.5% reported that Tahitian was the language they spoke the most at home (down from 16.5% at the 2007 census). 1.2% reported another Polynesian language (down from 1.7% at the 2007 census), 0.9% reported a Chinese dialect (down from 1.6% at the 2007 census), half of whom speak Hakka, and 0.5% reported another language (same as in 2007).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />

19.8% of the population in the urban area of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they had no knowledge of any Polynesian language at the 2017 census (up from 19.5% at the 2007 census), whereas 80.2% reported that they had some form of knowledge of at least one Polynesian language (down from 80.5% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />

Travel and tourism

Travelling tourists arrive and depart PapeTemplate:Okinaetē by private yacht or via cruise ship at PapeTemplate:Okinaetē Harbor, or by air at FaTemplate:OkinaaTemplate:Okinaā International Airport, which was completed and opened in 1962.

Main sights

[[File:Marché Papeete2.jpg|thumb|[[Papeete Market|Marché PapeTemplate:Okinaetē]]]]

File:PapeeteWaterfront2003.jpg

PapeTemplate:Okinaetē waterfront

• The waterfront esplanade.
• Bougainville Park (once named Albert Park, in honour of a former Belgian king and World War One hero), is now named for Louis Antoine de Bougainville, the first French explorer to circumnavigate the globe.
• [[Notre Dame Cathedral, Papeete|Cathedral of Notre Dame of PapeTemplate:Okinaetē]].
• The Territorial Assembly is the heart of the Polynesian government and contains the Territorial Assembly building, the High Commissioner's residence and also a once popular clubhouse of Paul Gauguin. It was also once the site of the royal residence and palace of Queen Pōmare IV of Tahiti, who ruled from 1827 to 1877.
• Presidential palace.
• Papeʻetē Market
• The [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|PapeTemplate:Okinaetē Tahiti Temple]] of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• The Monument to Pouvanaʻa a Oʻopa (a decorated World War I hero, Tahitian nationalist, and deputy to Paris for the Tahitian Territorial Assembly).
• The Mairie (town hall).

In popular culture

• The film El pasajero clandestino deals with several persons trying to take control of the inheritance of a recently deceased English film magnate, who traveled to PapeTemplate:Okinaetē to look for the heir.
• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is mentioned in the songs "Southern Cross" by Crosby, Stills & Nash and "Somewhere Over China" by Jimmy Buffett.
• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is mentioned in Bruce Brown's surf film The Endless Summer as one of the surf sites visited by the two longboarders chasing the summer season around the world. The beach at PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is dubbed "Ins and outs" because the steep shore causes waves to break in both directions—toward the beach and out to sea.
• The first chapter of Robert A. Heinlein's 1984 novel Job: A Comedy of Justice is set in Pape'etē.
• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is where Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Ebb Tide" begins.
• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is a setting in Mutiny on the Bounty
• Papeʻetē, a schooner built by Matthew Turner, who had extensive business interests in Tahiti, was known for a fast passage from San Francisco to Tahiti of 17 days.<ref name = "Gibbs" >Template:Cite book

</ref>

• PapeTemplate:Okinaetē is mentioned in Paul Thomas Anderson's crime-drama film Inherent Vice as a possible destination (never reached) of Burke Stodger in a getaway on his boat after being blacklisted by Hollywood.

Economy

File:Immeuble Dexter - Pont de L’Est - Papeete - Tahiti - Polynésie française.jpg

Immeuble Dexter, the head office of Air Tahiti Nui

Air Tahiti Nui has its head office in the Immeuble Dexter in PapeTemplate:Okinaetē.<ref>"{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}." Air Tahiti Nui. Retrieved on 7 November 2012. "Tahiti – Siège social Immeuble Dexter – Pont de L'Est – Papeete BP 1673 – 98713 Papeete – Tahiti."</ref>

Education

The Lycée Paul-Gauguin is located in the city.

Notable people

• Chantal Galenon, politician and women's rights activist
• Unutea Hirshon, politician and activist
• Andy Tupaia, musician<ref name=TJBBio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gallery

• Présidence.Papeete.JPG

  Présidence

• Cathédrale.Papeete.JPG

  Notre Dame Cathedral

• Ppt-temple-paofai.jpg

  Paofai Temple

See also

• Windward Islands (Society Islands)

General and cited references

• Kay, Robert F. (2001). Hidden Tahiti. Berkeley, California: Ulysses Press. Template:ISBN.

External links

• PapeTemplate:Okinaete Official Website
• PapeTemplate:Okinaete City Tour, over 30 tourist attractions to discover
• PapeTemplate:Okinaete City Tour for mobile