Party of Democratic Action
Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political party
The Party of Democratic Action (Template:Langx; abbr. SDA) is a Bosniak nationalist, conservative<ref name="PEE"/>Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) was founded on 26 May 1990 in Sarajevo, as a "party of Muslim cultural-historic circle". It was a realisation of Alija Izetbegović's idea of an Islamic religious and national party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Template:Cn Many members of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including imams, took part in the party's foundation. Alija, who was chosen as its chairman, tried to resolve disputes between the Muslim nationalist Islamists led by Omer Behmen and the left-wing Muslims led by Adil Zulfikarpašić.Template:Sfn The party has its roots in the old Yugoslav Muslim Organization, a conservative Muslim party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Yugoslav Muslim Organization was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Muslim party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Muslim "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887.
The SDA achieved considerable success in elections after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. It founded the newspaper Ljiljan. The party remains the strongest political party among the Bosniak population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In November 2000, the party was defeated by the Social Democratic Party and other parties gathered into the "Alliance for Change", and found itself in opposition for the first time since its creation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Clarify After the 2022 general election, the SDA became once again the largest party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The party has branches in Slovenia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Croatia and the Sandžak region of Serbia. One of the goals of the party, outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, is to represent and defend the interests of Bosniaks and other Muslim South Slavs in the entire Balkan region. In Montenegro, the SDA merged with smaller Bosniak and Slavic Muslim parties to create the Bosniak Party.
The party is an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP).
IdeologyEdit
The Party of Democratic Action is the primary stronghold for right-orientated Bosniaks, especially for nationalists, and conservatives, and thus they have been described as national-conservative.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The party has been also described as secularist by some researchers.<ref>"Innocence and Victimhood: Gender, Nation, and Women’s Activism in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina", Elizabeth Helms, University of Wisconsin Press</ref><ref>"Islam and Bosnia: Conflict Resolution and Foreign Policy in Multi-ethnic States", edited by Maya Shatzmiller, McGill-Queen's University Press</ref> Islamist and Pan-Islamist ideologies exist in the party but tends to represent itself mainly among the elite apparatus of the party.<ref>Xavier Bougarel, "Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires", Bloomsbury</ref><ref name="Xavier2">Xavier Bougarel. "Bosnian Islam since 1990: Cultural Identity or Political Ideology?", Convention annuelle de l’Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), p. 3</ref> The party supports the centralization of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On foreign stances they also tend to be atlanticist and supportive of the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to NATO and the European Union.<ref name="Xavier2" /><ref name="partypolitics2">"Party Politics in the Western Balkans" edited by Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson</ref>
List of presidentsEdit
| Name | Term of Office | |
|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |1 | Alija Izetbegović | 1990–2001 |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |2 | Sulejman Tihić | 2001–2014 |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white;" |3 | Bakir Izetbegović | 2014–present |
ElectionsEdit
Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and HerzegovinaEdit
| Year | Leader | # | Popular vote | % | Seats won | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Alija Izetbegović | 1st | 711,075 | 31.48 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Yes2 |
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Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaEdit
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1996 till:01/01/2024 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1996 Legend = columns:3 left:40 top:75 columnwidth:90
- there is no automatic collision detection,
- so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap
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id:Coalition value:green legend:Coalition id:Opposition value:red legend:Opposition
Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar Define $dy = -1 # adjust height
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</timeline>
Presidency electionsEdit
| Election year | # | Candidate | Votes | % | Representing | Elected? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 730,592 | 80.0% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 1998Template:Efn | 1st | Alija Izetbegović | 511,541 | 86.8% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 2002 | 1st | Sulejman Tihić | 192,661 | 37.2% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 2006 | 2nd | Sulejman Tihić | 153,683 | 27.5% | Bosniaks | Template:No |
| 2010 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 162,831 | 34.8% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 2014 | 1st | Bakir Izetbegović | 247,235 | 32.8% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 2018 | 1st | Šefik Džaferović | 212,581 | 36.6% | Bosniaks | Template:Yes |
| 2022 | 2nd | Bakir Izetbegović | 214,412 | 37.3% | Bosniaks | Template:No |
Cantonal electionsEdit
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
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Further readingEdit
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External linksEdit
Template:Bosnian political parties Template:Republika Srpska political parties Template:European People's Party Template:Alija Izetbegović Template:Authority control