Party of the Democratic Revolution
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political party
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, PRD) is a state-level<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> social democratic<ref name=Cook2004>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024).<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/> The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).<ref name=Bruhn/> The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.<ref name=Mossige/>
As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance.<ref name="Progressive Alliance"/> The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
HistoryEdit
Early originsEdit
Break from the PRI (1986–1988)Edit
The PRD had its origins with the leftist members of the PRI, Institutional Revolutionary Party.<ref name=Bruhn>Template:Cite book</ref> The PRI had dominated Mexican politics since its founding in 1929.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1986, a group of PRI members – including Ifigenia Martínez, Template:Interlanguage link, Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas – formed the Democratic Current, a political faction within the PRI.<ref name=Bruhn/>
The Democratic Current aimed to pressure the PRI to become a more democratic party and to address the issue of national debt including the social effects of the economic crisis that came from attempting to pay that debt.<ref name="Bruhn" /> The Democratic Current was also against technocratization, in which the people in power had not held public office and were scholars who were often educated abroad.<ref name="Bruhn" /> Under the Miguel de la Madrid presidency which lasted from 1982–1988, the PRI and Mexico were moving towards a technocracy especially since de la Madrid was a technocrat himself.<ref name="Bruhn" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Democratic Current did not have many technocrats and was thus left out of the decision-making process.<ref name="Bruhn" /> This political marginalization led the Democratic Current members to be more vocal about their concerns because they did not have a position of power to protect within the PRI.<ref name="Bruhn" />
After public criticisms and debate between the Democratic Current and the PRI, ten Democratic Current members signed Working Document Number One which was the official beginning of the Democratic Current.<ref name=Bruhn/> However, the PRI refused to acknowledge the Democratic Current as an organization unless they joined a union, which was allowed in the PRI.<ref name=Bruhn/> The forming of a group that was not united because of work but because of difference in ideology within the PRI caused fear of division within the party.<ref name=Bruhn/>
Once de la Madrid's six-year term as president was coming to a close, the PRI chose six possible candidates for president and notably did not choose Cárdenas.<ref name=Bruhn/> The PRI had no process to apply as a candidate so Cárdenas could not run as a candidate for president.<ref name=Bruhn/> On 4 October 1987, Carlos Salinas de Gortari was ultimately chosen as the PRI candidate.<ref name=Bruhn/> Gortari did not embody anything that the Democratic Current wanted and many of the Democratic Current members left the PRI including Cárdenas during November 1987.<ref name="López Castellanos">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Bruhn/> Some Democratic Current members went on to support Cárdenas in his 1988 quest for presidency and help in the founding of the PRD.<ref name=Bruhn/>
1988 presidential electionEdit
On 12 October 1987, Cárdenas became the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution's presidential candidate.<ref name=Bruhn/> Cárdenas still remained an independent candidate due to electoral laws which meant that many parties could choose Cárdenas as their candidate.<ref name=Bruhn/> The groups of the independent left that supported Cárdenas were the Mexican Socialist Party which included the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico, the Mexican Workers' Party, the Patriotic Revolutionary Party, the Communist Left Unity, and the People's Revolutionary Movement.<ref name="López Castellanos"/><ref name=Bruhn/> The parastatal groups, state-owned enterprises that are separate from government, that supported Cárdenas were the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution, Popular Socialist Party, and the Party of the Cardenist Front of National Reconstruction, which made up the National Democratic Front.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> Other groups that supported Cárdenas were the Social Democratic Party, Ecologist Green Party of Mexico, Democratic Unity, Template:Ill, Critical Point Revolutionary Organization, and Neighborhood Assembly<ref name="López Castellanos"/> To provide a mechanism to coordinate and communicate with one another about campaign activities, these groups formed a coordinating body named the National Democratic Front (Mexico). The Mexican Socialist Party did not join in an official capacity, rather the party signed a separate pact with the Democratic Current.<ref name=":03">Template:Cite book</ref>
In the 1988 presidential election, Cárdenas had come closer than any other political candidate to winning against the PRI, which had been in power since 1929.<ref name=Mossige>Template:Cite book</ref> The victory of the PRI's candidate, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, was largely considered guilty of electoral fraud in 1988; this was after the computers tabulating votes had reportedly crashed.<ref name=Bruhn/> As a result, Cárdenas claimed that he had won the election, although he never declared himself president. The National Democratic Front continued to support Cárdenas by signing a Declaration for the Defense of Popular Sovereignty.<ref name=":03"/> Protests erupted in support of Cárdenas, the largest of which occurred on 16 July and had an attendance of at least 300,000 people. Nonetheless, the election was ratified.<ref name=":14">Template:Cite book</ref> Years later, it was determined that there was indeed electoral fraud in the election.<ref name=Bruhn/><ref name=Mossige/>
FoundingEdit
The 1988 election sparked a movement against the authoritarian rule of the PRI.<ref name=Mossige/> As an integral part of the movement towards democracy, the Party of the Democratic Revolution was formed as Mexico's only leftwing party.<ref name=Mossige/> On 5 May 1989, Cárdenas declared the establishment of the PRD.<ref name=Mossige/> Former PRI members who also helped found the PRD include: Cárdenas, Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, Ifigenia Martínez y Hernández and Andrés Manuel López Obrador.<ref name=Mossige/>
The party was founded by smaller left-wing parties such as the Mexican Communist Party (PCM), Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Mexican Socialist Party (PMS) and Mexican Workers' Party (PMT).<ref name=Mossige/> The PMS donated its registration with the Federal Electoral Commission (CFE) to enable the new party to be established.<ref name=Mossige/>
First decade (1989–1999)Edit
Small leftist group leaders joined the PRD which left small leftist organizations vulnerable.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> Additionally, some leftist organizations were wary that their concerns would be lost by joining a political group.<ref name=":1"/>
In the early years, the PRD was not successful in elections because of electoral fraud.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> The PRD often claimed that the PRI was participating in electoral fraud.<ref name=Mossige/> This was in contrast to PAN, the conservative party, who chose to cooperate with the PRI.<ref name=Mossige/> However, the PRD also cooperated with the PRI to make policy changes that moved towards democracy.<ref name=Mossige/>
Salinas, PRI member and president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, had made some improvements to the Mexican economy but Mexico still did not have a democratic system.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> During this time the PRD had become involved with many social justice movements against the neoliberal and antidemocratic policies of the PRI.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> The most famous of which was the party's involvement with the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN). Some members of the party wanted to strongly and publicly denounce the armed struggle, whereas others decided to emphatically approve the movement and its goals therefore, it was difficult to form a united front. Nonetheless, many PRD supporters also supported the EZLN and bolstered the movement through the use of posters and murals at PRD events. Although these instances portrayed the party to appear to be more radical than they were, Cárdenas himself took advantage of this support. He met with Subcomandante Marcos and did not attempt to distance the party from the EZLN. This support did not pay off as the EZLN did not help the PRD win any votes and Marcos accused the PRD of being the same as the PRI and PAN. The PRI labeled Cárdenas and the PRD as sympathizers of the EZLN and supporters of armed struggle.<ref name=":14"/> Additionally, the PRD had a difficult time transitioning from a movement with a non-negotiable goal to a party that pushed gradual reforms.<ref name=Mossige/>
1994 presidential election: CárdenasEdit
Cárdenas ran for national presidency under the PRD in 1994.<ref name=Bruhn/> Cárdenas ran against Diego Fernández, PAN candidate, and PRI party winner of the election, Ernesto Zedillo Ponce.<ref name=Mossige/> Cárdenas made the Alianza Democrática Nacional campaign, where he mobilized 57 organizations.<ref name=Mossige/> Cárdenas did not cooperate well with the PRD and was sometimes contradictory to the PRD.<ref name=Mossige/>
The PRI used its media influence to promote the idea that changing the governing party would disrupt the nation<ref name="López Castellanos"/> as well as to portray Cárdenas and the PRD as confrontational and violent.<ref name=Mossige/>
After his loss, Cárdenas claimed fraud; however, the party did not support him and instead focused on winning seats in Congress.<ref name=Mossige/>
1994 presidential election aftermathEdit
In 1997, the PRD won its first governorship with Cárdenas as governor of Mexico City.<ref name=Bruhn/> The PRD also gained the second largest majority in the Chamber of Deputies.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> These victories were due in part to changes in electoral rules.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> These changes included the creation of the new Federal Elections Institute in 1990 which established six independent councilors who required legislative approval.<ref name=":14"/>
This division between currents was seen during the internal election of 14 March 1999 when there were voting discrepancies.<ref name="López Castellanos"/>
By the end of 1999, 650 members of the PRD had been assassinated, mostly by the PRI, as a way to intimidate those working towards democracy, civic engagement, and social movements.<ref name="López Castellanos"/>
Second decade (1999–2009)Edit
2000 presidential election: CárdenasEdit
After the election of Vicente Fox, PAN candidate, the PRD announced that it would not file any complaints about the elections.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref> This was a shift in strategy from the usual protests of fraud.<ref name=":2"/> However, some local PRD activist groups filed complaints but these were turned down by the PRD and the electoral court.<ref name=":2"/>
2006 presidential electionEdit
The former mayor of Mexico City, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, was the presidential candidate for the "Coalición por el Bien de Todos" (Coalition for the Good of All) in the 2006 presidential elections.<ref name=":1"/> López Obrador ran against Felipe Calderón, PAN candidate, and Roberto Madrazo, PRI candidate.<ref name=":1"/>
López Obrador's campaign relied on citizen's networks (redes ciudadanas) that focused on mobilizing the public to campaign.<ref name=":1"/> This strategy focused on López Obrador as an individual and not the PRD.<ref name=":1"/> This was worrisome to PRD leaders because they thought that the PRD's concerns would not be addressed.<ref name=":1"/> However, many party members thought that López Obrador would win so these concerns were not addressed.<ref name=":1"/>
After the general election of 2 July 2006 and a recount of the 9.09% of the ballot tally sheets which supposedly presented irregularities, the Federal Electoral Institute recorded the vote results in favor of Felipe Calderón by a margin of 0.58 percent, about 243,000 votes.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These results were later validated by the Federal Electoral Tribunal. However, the PRD claimed that there was election fraud.<ref name=Mossige/> The claims of election fraud have been rejected by the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF), which considered these "notoriously out of order" ("notoriamente improcedente") and certified PAN's candidate Felipe Calderón as the winner.
López Obrador then rallied his supporters to hold demonstrations in the capital, Mexico City.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> These demonstrations were organized by the PRD, whose stronghold is in Mexico City.<ref name=":0"/> The PRD had called for demonstrations and set up camps in the capital's main square, blocking one of its main avenues (Paseo de la Reforma) for six weeks to demand a recount of all votes, which was not granted. The camps were later dismantled after a confrontation with the Mexican Army became likely.
On 5 September, the Federal Electoral Tribunal announced that there was not enough evidence of electoral fraud that legitimized Calderon as president.<ref name=":1"/> This caused López Obrador to maintain his campaign of civil disobedience and declared himself as "Legitimate President"<ref name=":1"/> in a "public open vote" (people in the main square raising their hands). López Obrador did not recognize the legitimacy of Calderón as president.<ref name=":1"/> The PRD was criticized for not complying with the democratic system that it had lauded and helped create.<ref name=Mossige/> However, the PRD could not agree on whether they should move forward and cooperate with the current system and contribute to policy or take on an uncompromising stance in an attempt to overturn the current system.<ref name=Mossige/> This split later trickled on to other things such as electoral and petroleum reforms where one part of the party wanted to cooperate while the other refused to out of allegiance to López Obrador.<ref name=Mossige/>
In 2008, after bitter infighting within the party, Jesús Ortega, an opponent of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, was elected party president. In the 2009 legislative elections, López Obrador supported two smaller parties while maintaining his ties to the PRD.
VideoscandalsEdit
The party had enjoyed a reputation of honesty unmatched by its competitors, until the "Video Scandals" a series of videos where notable party members were taped receiving cash funds or betting large sums of money in a Las Vegas casino.
Later, another video was recorded by Cuba's government where Carlos Ahumada, the man providing the money, states that members of the PRI and PAN, PRD's rivals, were planning the situation presented in the first video as part of a plot against Andrés Manuel López Obrador to discredit him as a possible presidential candidateTemplate:Citation needed.
Party members who were seen on the videotapes were expelled from the party, but those who were supposedly associated, but never legally charged, are still active members.
Modern era (2009–present)Edit
2012 presidential election resultsEdit
López Obrador ran for president again in 2012,<ref name=Mossige/> but lost to Enrique Peña Nieto.
After the loss, López Obrador told a rally in Mexico City's main plaza Zocalo on 9 September 2012 that he would withdraw from the Democratic Revolution Party "on the best of terms," as well as the Labor Party and Citizens' Movement (MC). He added that he was working on founding a new party from the Movement for National Regeneration, which he would later name MORENA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2018 presidential election: Ricardo AnayaEdit
The defeat of the PAN and the PRD in the Mexico general elections in 2012, as well as the departure of Andrés Manuel López Obrador from the PRD, caused these two parties to approach each other despite the friction obtained in the 2006 general elections.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2017, Ricardo Anaya, then President of PAN, announced his party's proposal to create an alliance of politicians called "Opposition Wide Front" to "form a coalition government that will result in a stable majority that can govern the country and make the change of regime a reality."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 5 September, the PAN formalized an alliance with PRD and MC under the name of "Citizen Front for Mexico," registering the coalition before the National Electoral Institute, an alliance to last for 6 years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 17 December, the three parties ratified the alliance with the creation of an electoral coalition to participate in the federal elections of 2018 and multiple state elections with the name of "Por México al Frente."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2018 presidential election aftermathEdit
In August 2018, PRD abandoned Por México al Frente. In early 2019, the PRD split, with nine deputies leaving the PRD and joining Morena and the government coalition of López Obrador. This gave the government a two-thirds majority, allowing for the passage of constitutional reform.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 22 December 2020, the PRD formed the new alliance Va por México, together with the National Action Party and the Institutional Revolutionary Party.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2024 presidential electionEdit
In 2023, the PRD, along with the National Action Party and the Institutional Revolutionary Party formed the Fuerza y Corazón por México, an electoral alliance that competed in the 2024 Mexican general election with Xóchitl Gálvez as the coalitions’ presidential candidate against the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition’s candidate Claudia Sheinbaum of the Morena party.
Dissolution at national levelEdit
Having lost the general election and failed to have achieved 3% of the national vote in the 2024 general election (in neither the election for president, Senate, or Chamber of Deputies), the party lost its registration as a national party.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It will remain registered as a state-level party and it can participate in the local elections of Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Mexico City, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, the State of Mexico, Tabasco, Tlaxcala and Zacatecas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 28 August 2024, the two PRD senators-elect, Araceli Saucedo Reyes of Michoacán and José Sabino Herrera of Tabasco, switched their party affiliations to the Morena caucus ahead of the LXVI Legislature.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Election resultsEdit
Presidential electionsEdit
| Election year | Candidate | # votes | % vote | Result | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas | 5,852,134 | 17.1 | Template:N Defeated | |
| 2000 | Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas | 6,256,780 | 16.6 | Template:N Defeated | Coalition: Alliance for Mexico |
| 2006 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | 14,756,350 | 35.3 | Template:N Defeated | Coalition: Coalition for the Good of All |
| 2012 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | 15,848,827 | 31.6 | Template:N Defeated | Coalition: Broad Progressive Front |
| 2018 | Ricardo Anaya | 12,607,779 | 22.27 | Template:N Defeated | Coalition: Por México al Frente |
| 2024 | Xóchitl Gálvez | 16,502,697 | 28.11 | Template:N Defeated | Coalition: Fuerza y Corazón por México |
Congressional electionsEdit
Chamber of DeputiesEdit
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Senate electionsEdit
GovernorshipsEdit
Source:<ref name="Historia de PRD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Mexico D.F.Edit
| Years in office | Chief of government | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1997–1999 | Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas | |
| 1999–2000 | Rosario Robles | |
| 2000–2005 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | |
| 2005–2006 | Alejandro Encinas | |
| 2006–2012 | Marcelo Ebrard | |
| 2012–2018 | Miguel Ángel Mancera | |
| 2018 | José Ramón Amieva |
ZacatecasEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1998–2004 | Ricardo Monreal Ávila | |
| 2004–2010 | Amalia García |
TlaxcalaEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1999–2005 | Alfonso Sánchez Anaya |
Baja California SurEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1999–2005 | Leonel Cota Montaño | |
| 2005–2011 | Narciso Agúndez Montaño |
MichoacánEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2002–2008 | Lázaro Cárdenas Batel | |
| 2008–2012 | Leonel Godoy | |
| 2015–2021 | Silvano Aureoles Conejo |
GuerreroEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2005–2011 | Zeferino Torreblanca Galindo | |
| 2011–2014 | Ángel Aguirre Rivero | |
| 2014–2015 | Rogelio Ortega Martínez |
ChiapasEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2000–2006 | Pablo Salazar Mendiguchía | |
| 2006–2012 | Juan Sabines Guerrero |
TabascoEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2012–2018 | Arturo Núñez Jiménez |
MorelosEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2012–2018 | Graco Ramírez Garrido |
OaxacaEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2010–2016 | Gabino Cué Monteagudo | In coalition with PAN, PRD, Convergence, and PT |
PueblaEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2010–2016 | Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas | In coalition with PAN and PRD |
| 2018 | Martha Erika Alonso | In coalition with PAN and PRD. In December of that same year, 10 days after assuming as governor, Alonso died in a helicopter crash. |
SinaloaEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2010–2016 | Mario López Valdez | In coalition with PAN and PRD |
VeracruzEdit
| Years in office | Candidate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2016–2018 | Miguel Ángel Yunes Linares | In coalition with PAN and PRD |
PrinciplesEdit
The PRD believes that Mexico currently has major problems of economic and social inequality that halt social development and affect liberty and democratic coexistence.<ref name="Declaración de Principios">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Which is why the PRD has developed the following principles for their political party.
DemocracyEdit
- The PRD considers democracy to be the most fundamental principle that it hopes to establish in Mexico.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD believes that democracy is the political regime that should be established in society because the ruling power goes to the people through voting.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The internal organization of the party should be democratic.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD believes that democracy in Mexico is strengthened by an open, democratic, and transparent system of parties.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD acknowledges the diversity of Mexico and is committed to preserving and developing it.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD is also committed to a secular state in which there can be liberty, tolerance, and coexistence between all people.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
Human rightsEdit
- The PRD is against any form of segregation or discrimination.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD fights to promote, expand, respect, protect, and guarantee the exercise of human rights understood in its most broad meaning which includes:<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- civil rights
- political rights
- economic rights
- social rights
- cultural rights
- environmental rights
- right to access to information
- right to solidarity for the collective benefit of all citizens
- and rights of ethnic groups
- The PRD also emphasizes these rights regarding the following groups:
- young people
- children
- women
- senior citizens
- the lesbian, gay, transsexual, transgender, bisexual, and intersexual community
- migrant workers in the nation and abroad.
- The PRD recognizes Indigenous communities as equal regarding the human rights that they are entitled to, with differences that must be respected.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- These differences include their:
- traditions
- culture
- forms of social expression
- and language.
- The human rights that they are entitled to include:
- right to self-autonomy
- right to their land
- right to the use of their land
- right to conservation
- right to collectively use their natural resources
- right to access to economic development.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD believes it is an obligation of the state to support with public policy and methods necessary to guarantee the development of all indigenous communities and towns.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD sustains the fundamental principle of the San Andrés Accords.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD is also against the death penalty, militarization of police, and military jurisdiction to crimes and misdemeanors of civic order.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
Substantive equality and diversity regarding sexual orientationEdit
- The PRD believes in the equality between women and men as well as gender mainstreaming.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD champions access to the same treatment and opportunities between men and women.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD strives for women to have access to exercise their human, sexual, and reproductive rights and to make choices about their bodies in a free and informed manner.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
- The PRD promotes gender equality in all social spheres which are manifested in patriarchal and machismo-based power relations that threaten the dignity of women.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
Education, science, and cultureEdit
The PRD defends the educational principles that inspired the third article of the constitution and alight itself with an education -from beginning education to university- that is secular, public, free, scientific, and of quality, as well as an education that strengthens national identity.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
EconomyEdit
The PRD, since its founding, believes that the state should have jurisdiction and should intervene in the fundamental and prioritized areas of the productive sector, such as nutrition, production of clean energy, telecommunications, the process of technology, infrastructure, communication mediums, financial systems, and technology trade for the national and regional development, restraining ownership and dominion of hydrocarbons and radio-electric spectrum for the nation and the recovery of basic goods that guarantee sovereignty.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
Social justiceEdit
The PRD defends the rights of every Mexican worker, the preservation and expansion of social security, and the permanent improvements of contractual conditions.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
EnvironmentEdit
The PRD adopts the principle of sustainable development as well as preserving the cultural environment. The PRD does this to satisfy the necessities of current and future generations, based on the responsible use of natural resources, including new tools for development, that would allow for the protection and recovery of the environment with comprehensive public policy.<ref name="Declaración de Principios"/>
International scopeEdit
The PRD supports the self-determination of communities, non-intervention, legal equality of states, the cooperation for national development and sovereignty, and the respect and incorporation of international treaties into legislation.<ref name="Declaración de Principis"/>
Internal organizationEdit
The PRD consists of: congresses, councils, and executive committees, an assembly, and a committee.<ref name="Favela and Martínez">Template:Cite book</ref> The nation, states, and municipalities have the same organization.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> They each have a congress, a council, and an executive committee.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> Congress has the most authority, the council coordinates communication between congresses, and the executive committee applies the guidelines set in place by the council.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> The maximum rule for any elected position is three years.<ref name="Favela and Martínez"/> The national, state and municipal president cannot be reelected for the same position.<ref name="Favela and Martínez"/> The PRD has an anti-discriminatory policy for its internal elections.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> The PRD has policies put in place that guarantee the inclusion of women, young people, and indigenous people.<ref name="López Castellanos"/>
The National Congress is the maximum authority of the PRD.<ref name="Prud'homme">Template:Cite journal</ref> The National Congress approves the statue, the declaration of principles, the program, and the political organization of the party.<ref name="Prud'homme"/> 90% of the National Congress is made up of delegates elected in municipal assemblies.<ref name="Favela and Martínez"/> The rest of the National Congress is made up of two delegates for each State Council, the presidents of the State Councils, the members of the National Executive Committee, and the elected delegates of the National Council that shall not exceed 4% of the total delegates in the Party's Congress.<ref name="Favela and Martínez"/> The National Council chooses the majority of its 21-member executive committee except for the president of the party, the secretary of the party, and the parliamentary group coordinators.<ref name="Favela and Martínez"/>
In 2014, the PRD became the first political party to have internal elections organized by the Federal Electoral Institute where those affiliated with the party could vote for the members of the National Congress and Council as well as State and Municipal Councils.<ref name="Elección Interna PRD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Quiroz>Template:Cite news</ref> 2 million people participated in the internal elections which is about 45% of those affiliated with the party.<ref name=Quiroz/>
CurrentsEdit
Inside the PRD, there are "currents" that are dedicated to specific approaches and stances or about specific themes or movements.<ref name="López Castellanos"/> These include:
- National Democratic Alternative (Alternativa Democrática Nacional)
- New Left (Nueva Izquierda)
- New Sun Forum (Foro Nuevo Sol)
- National Democratic Left (Izquierda Democrática Nacional)
- Political Action Group (Grupo Acción Política)
PresidentsEdit
| Years in office | President | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1989–1993<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas | |
| 1993<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Roberto Robles Garnica | Interim |
| 1993–1996<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Porfirio Muñoz Ledo | |
| 1996–1999<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | |
| 1999<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Pablo Gómez Álvarez<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Interim |
| 1999–2002<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Amalia García | |
| 2002–2003<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Rosario Robles | |
| 2003–2005<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Leonel Godoy Rangel | Interim |
| 2005–2008<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Leonel Cota Montaño | |
| 2008<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Graco Ramírez and Raymundo Cárdenas | Legal representatives |
| 2008<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Guadalupe Acosta Naranjo | Interim |
| 2008–2011<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Jesús Ortega | |
| 2011–2014<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Jesús Zambrano Grijalva | |
| 2014–2015<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Carlos Navarrete Ruiz | |
| 2015–2016<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Agustín Basave Benítez | |
| 2016<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Beatriz Mojica Morga | Interim |
| 2016–2017<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Alejandra Barrales | |
| 2017–2018<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Manuel Granados Covarrubias | |
| 2018<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Ángel Ávila Romero | Interim |
| 2018–2020<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Ángel Ávila, Fernando Belaunzarán, Karen Quiroga, Adriana Díaz, Camerino Márquez and Estefany Santiago |
Extraordinary National Directorate |
| 2020–2024<ref name="Historia de PRD"/> | Jesús Zambrano Grijalva |
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Bruhn, Kathleen. "PRD local governments in Michoacan: implications for Mexico's democratization process." Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (1999): 19–48.
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