Parwan Province

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Parwan also spelled Parvan (Template:Langx) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is the largest province of the Greater Parwan region and has a population of about 751,000.<ref name=nsia/> The province is multi-ethnic and mostly rural society. The province is divided into ten districts. The town of Imam Abu Hanifa serves as the provincial capital. The province is located north of Kabul Province and south of Baghlan Province, west of Panjshir Province and Kapisa Province, and east of Maidan Wardak Province and Bamyan Province. The province's famous tourism attraction is the Golghondi Hill, also known as “the flower hill,” located in Imam Azam about an hour away from the capital city of Kabul.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After Panjshir this province has been considered as one of the main raising points of Afghanistan War against Soviets.

The name Parwan is also attributed to a town, the exact location of which is now unknown, that supposedly existed during prehistory, in the nearby Hindu Kush mountains.<ref name="EI">Frye, Richard Nelson (1999). "Farran (also Parwan)". Encyclopaedia of Islam CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. Retrieved on December 18, 2007.</ref>

Despite a four-decade-long state of war in Afghanistan, Parwan was relatively free of conflict by the mid-2010s. While occasional attacks on government or international forces were reported, they were usually minor.Template:Citation needed Such incidents in Parwan mostly involved grenade attacks on the residences of government officials or roadside bombs.<ref name="ISW">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bagram Air Base, which was one of the largest US military bases in Afghanistan, is located in Parwan.

HistoryEdit

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}} Template:Further In 329 BC, Alexander the Great founded the settlement of Parwan as his Alexandria of the Caucasus. It was conquered by Arab Muslims in 792 AD.<ref name="EI" /> In 1221, the province was the site of the battle between the invading Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, and the Khwarazmian Empire led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni, where the Mongols were defeated.<ref name="EI" />

The Kingdom of Kapisa (known in contemporary Chinese sources as Chinese: 漕國 Caoguo and Chinese: 罽賓 Jibin) was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. Its capital was the city of Bagram. The kingdom stretched from the Hindu Kush in the north to Bamiyan and Kandahar in the south and west, out as far as the modern Jalalabad District in the east.

The famous Moroccan traveler and scholar, Ibn Battuta, visiting the area in 1333 write:<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

We halted next at a place called Banj Hir (Panjshir), which means "Five Mountains," where there was once a fine and populous city built on a great river with blue water like the sea. This country was devastated by Tinkiz, the king of the Tatars, and has not been inhabited since. We came to a mountain called Pashay, where there is a convent of the Shaykh Ata Awliya, which means "Father of the Saints." He is also called Sisad Salah, which is the Persian for "three hundred years," because they say that he is three hundred and fifty years old. They have a very high opinion of him and come to visit him from the towns and villages, and sultans and princesses visit him too. He received us with honor and made us his guests. We encamped by a river near his convent and went to see him, and when I saluted him he embraced me. His skin is fresh and smoother than any I have seen; anyone seeing him would take him to be fifty years old. He told me that he grew new hair and teeth every hundred years. I had some doubts about him, however, and God knows how much truth there is in what he says. We traveled thence to Parwan, where I met the amir Buruntayh. He treated me well and wrote to his representatives at Ghazna enjoining them to show me honor. We went on to the village of Charkh [Charikar], it being now summer, and from there to the town of Ghazna. This is the town of the famous warrior-sultan Mahmud ibn Sabuktagin, one of the greatest of rulers, who made frequent raids into India and captured cities and fortresses there.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>{{#if:Ibn Battuta1304–1369|{{#if:|}}
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The area was subsequently ruled by the Timurids and Mughals until Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. In 1840, Parwan was the site of a major battle in the First Anglo-Afghan War where the invading British were defeated.<ref name="EI" /> Parwan's modern history began with the construction of a new textile factory in the town of Jabal Saraj in 1937.<ref name="EI" /> Parwan was involved in the Soviet–Afghan War as some of the fiercest fightings took place in the area.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> In the 1990s it was the site of heavy resistance against the Taliban.

Recent historyEdit

File:KECC in Parwan.jpg

Computer class at the Korean Education and Cultural Center in Parwan.

Following the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, the United States Armed Forces took control of Bagram Air Base and began using it as one of their main bases in Afghanistan. A Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) led by South Korea helped the locals with development activities in the province until 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In mid-February 2011, five rocket-propelled grenades hit the newly built South Korean military base housing the provincial reconstruction team and civilian aid workers. No one was injured in the attack, but it came hours after a visit by South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin, raising suspicions of Taliban involvement. The opening ceremony of the base was postponed indefinitely.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

A plan to build a power plant in the province is under consideration.Template:Citation needed A large portion of Parwan's economy relies on remittances from the Afghan diaspora living abroad.Template:Citation needed

In July 2012, the Taliban executed a married woman in front of a large crowd after she was found guilty of adultery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was reported that the woman had a secret affair with a married military commander of the Afghan National Army. In August 2021, Parwan was captured by the Taliban during their offensive.

HealthcareEdit

Template:Further The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 32% in 2005 to 11% in 2011.<ref name="cimicweb.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 4% in 2005 to 7% in 2011.<ref name="cimicweb.org"/>

EducationEdit

Template:Further The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 37% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.<ref name="cimicweb.org"/> The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 42% in 2005 to 54% in 2011.<ref name="cimicweb.org"/>

Demographics and geographyEdit

Template:Further

File:Parvan districts.png

Districts of Parwan province

As of 2020, the total population of the province is about 751,000,<ref name=nsia>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. 8 percent of the population lived below the national poverty line, the second lowest figure in Afghanistan behind only Logar Province.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

According to the Naval Postgraduate School, the ethnic groups of the province are as follows: Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Pashtuns, Kuchis and other minority groups.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web

}}</ref> According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development:<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

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DistrictsEdit

As per the figures below based on the ethnographics of each district as well as the density and therefore the inhabitability of each district, the province has a population of approximately 878,192.

Districts of Parwan Province
District	Capital	Population (2022)<ref name=nsia/>	Area	Pop. density	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Bagram		117,181	381	308	60% Tajiks, 35% Pashtuns, 5% Hazara.<ref>District profiles. Bagram aims.org.af</ref>
Charikar (capital)		202,210	258	783	Mixed Tajiks and Pashtuns.<ref>District profiles. Charikar aims.org.af</ref>
Ghorband		109,342	908	120	Mixed Pashtuns, Tajiks and Hazaras.<ref>District profiles. Siagard aims.org.af</ref>
Jabal Saraj		72,345	99	730	Tajiks.<ref>District profiles. Jabak Saraj aims.org.af</ref><ref name="nps">East tribal map npsu.edu</ref>
Kohi Safi		35,075	569	62	Predominantly Pashtuns.<ref name="nps" />
Salang		29,362	547	54	Predominantly Tajiks, few Pashtuns.<ref>District profiles. Salang aims.org.af</ref>
Sayed Khel		51,549	31	1,639	Mix Tajiks and Pashtuns.<ref name="nps" /> Used to be part of Jabal Saraj District.
Sheikh Ali		27,901	913	31	Predominantly Hazaras.<ref>District profiles. Sheikh Ali aims.org.af</ref>
Shinwari		46,501	722	64	Predominantly Pashtuns.<ref name="nps" />
Surkhi Parsa		46,234	1,152	40	Predominantly Hazaras. <ref>District profiles. Lolinge aims.org.af</ref>
Parwan		737,700	5,715	129	Majority Tajik, notable minorities include Hazaras and Pashtuns.

Notable towns and villagesEdit

Gulbahar, Afghanistan

GalleryEdit

Images of Parwan Province
CH-NB - Afghanistan, Shibar Pass (Shebar Pass, Kowtal-e Shebar)- Landschaft - Annemarie Schwarzenbach - SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-20-220.jpg

Near the Shibar Pass that connects Parwan to Bamyan.
Road in Parwan-11.jpg

A road in the Parwan Province, near the Sayed Bridge which is located short distance north from Bagram Air Base.
Near Sayed Bridge in Parwan-4.jpg

Fields near the Sayed Bridge
Flickr - boellstiftung - Parwan.jpg

School girls in a rural area of Parwan
Afghan boys and police in 2010.jpg

A member of the Afghan National Police trying to control local children awaiting the distribution of goods from the U.S. military for the winter months.
Afghan women in Parwan province.jpg

Afghan women working inside a factory in Parwan