Peerage of Scotland
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The Peerage of Scotland (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created.
Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in the ancient Parliament of Scotland. After the Union, the Peers of the old Parliament of Scotland elected 16 Scottish representative peers to sit in the House of Lords at Westminster. The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers the right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain), when the House of Lords Act 1999 received the Royal Assent.
Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds the earldom of Newburgh<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots law permits peerages to be inherited by or through a person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Lauderdale Peerage Claim, House of Lords, 1884–1885</ref>
The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament, Viscount, Earl, Marquess and Duke. Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still use "of".
The Peerage of Scotland differs from those of England and Ireland in that its lowest rank is not that of baron. In Scotland, "baron" is a rank within the Baronage of Scotland, considered noble but not a peer, equivalent to a baron in some continental countries. The Scottish equivalent to the English or Irish baron is a Lord of Parliament. Barons in Scotland were historically feudal barons until 2004, when a change in Scottish law abolished the feudal system.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This reform "expressly preserves the dignity of baron... and any other dignity or office, whether or not of feudal origin," converting feudal titles into non-territorial dignities—personal titles no longer attached to the land, including the quality, precedence, and heraldic rights pertaining.
In the following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics.
Extant dukedomsEdit
Extant marquessatesEdit
| Shield | Title | Creation | Other Marquessate or higher titles | Title used in the House of Lords prior to the Peerage Act 1963 | Monarch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Sort | The Marquess of Huntly | 17 April 1599 | Template:Flagicon Baron Meldrum | King James VI and I | |
| Template:Sort | The Marquess of Queensberry | 11 February 1682 | King Charles II | ||
| Template:Sort | The Marquess of Tweeddale | 17 December 1694 | Template:Flagicon Baron Tweeddale | King William III and II | |
| Template:Sort | The Marquess of Lothian | 23 June 1701 | Template:Flagicon Baron Ker of Kersehugh |
Extant earldomsEdit
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Extant viscountciesEdit
| Shield | Title | Creation | Other Viscountcy or higher titles | Monarch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Coronet of a British Viscount.svg File:Arms of Philip Plantagenet Cary.svg |
The Viscount Falkland | 10 November 1620 | King James VI and I | |
| File:Coronet of a British Viscount.svg File:Arms Viscount of Arbuthnott (shield).svg |
The Viscount of Arbuthnott | 16 November 1641 | King Charles I | |
| File:Coronet of a British Viscount.svg File:Viscount of Oxfuird arms.svg |
The Viscount of Oxfuird | 19 April 1651 | King Charles II |
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Extant Lords of ParliamentEdit
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See alsoEdit
- The Scots Peerage, nine-volume book series
- Barons in Scotland
- Noblesse
- Peerage of England
- Welsh peers and baronets
- Peerage of Ireland
- History of the Peerage