Persicaria
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds<ref name=Stace>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp or smartweeds.<ref name=fna>Persicaria. Flora of North America.</ref> It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.<ref name=fna/><ref name=nsw>Persicaria. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.</ref> The genus was segregated from Polygonum.<ref name=wil>Wilson, K. L. (1990). "Some widespread species of Persicaria (Polygonaceae) and their allies". Kew Bulletin 45(4) 621-36.</ref>
DescriptionEdit
The genus includes annual and perennial herbs with taproots or fibrous root systems, or with rhizomes or stolons. The stems are often erect but may be prostrate along the ground, and some species are prickly.<ref name=fna/> The stems are self-supporting or twining and climbing.<ref name=fb>Persicaria. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.</ref> The leaves are alternately arranged, deciduous, and variously shaped. The brownish or reddish ochrea may be leathery to papery. The inflorescence may be a panicle or a spikelike or headlike arrangement of fascicles of flowers. The flower is white, greenish, reddish, pink or purple, with the tepals partially fused together along the bases. The fruit is an achene which can take a number of shapes, including a disc or a sphere.<ref name=fna/>
- Persicaria amphibia kz3.jpg
- (MHNT) Persicaria microcephala Inflorescence - Les Martels, Giroussens Tarn.jpg
- Persicaria glabra in Narshapur forest, AP W IMG 1109.jpg
- Polygonum longisetum 3.JPG
- Persicaria minor flower and leaves.jpg
- Persicaria orientalis02.jpg
TaxonomyEdit
Within the family Polygonaceae, Persicaria is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, where the tribe Persicarieae consists of two sister genera, Bistorta and Koenigia, together with Persicaria.Template:Sfn
SpeciesEdit
Template:As of, the following 132 species were accepted:<ref name="POWO_60433517-2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Persicaria acuminata Template:Small
- Persicaria akakiensis Template:Small
- Persicaria × ambigua Template:Small
- Persicaria amphibia Template:Small – amphibious bistort, water smartweed
- Persicaria angustifolia Template:Small
- Persicaria arifolia Template:Small – halberd-leaf tearthumb
- Persicaria assamica Template:Small
- Persicaria attenuata Template:Small
- Persicaria barbata Template:Small
- Persicaria × bicolor Template:Small
- Persicaria biconvexa Template:Small
- Persicaria bicornis Template:Small – pink smartweed
- Persicaria borneensis Template:Small
- Persicaria × brauniana Template:Small
- Persicaria breviochreata Template:Small
- Persicaria bungeana Template:Small – prickly smartweed
- Persicaria capitata Template:Small – pink-head knotweed
- Persicaria careyi Template:Small – pink-head knotweed
- Persicaria celebica Template:Small
- Persicaria cespitosa Template:Small
- Persicaria changhuaensis Template:Small
- Persicaria chinensis Template:Small – Chinese knotweed
- Persicaria clivorum Template:Small
- Persicaria × condensata Template:Small
- Persicaria criopolitana Template:Small
- Persicaria debilis Template:Small
- Persicaria decipiens Template:Small – slender knotweed, willow-weed
- Persicaria dichotoma Template:Small
- Persicaria diospyrifolia Template:Small
- Persicaria dissitiflora Template:Small
- Persicaria eciliata Template:Small
- Persicaria elatior Template:Small
- Persicaria erectominor Template:Small
- Persicaria extremiorientalis Template:Small
- Persicaria ferruginea Template:Small
- Persicaria × figertii Template:Small
- Persicaria filiformis Template:Small
- Persicaria foliosa Template:Small
- Persicaria galapagensis Template:Small
- Persicaria geocarpica Template:Small
- Persicaria glabra Template:Small – smooth smartweed
- Persicaria glacialis Template:Small
- Persicaria glandulopilosa Template:Small
- Persicaria glomerata Template:Small
- Persicaria greuteriana Template:Small
- Persicaria hassegawae Template:Small
- Persicaria hastatosagittata Template:Small
- Persicaria × hervieri Template:Small
- Persicaria hirsuta Template:Small – hairy smartweed
- Persicaria hispida Template:Small
- Persicaria huananensis Template:Small
- Persicaria humboldtiana Template:Small
- Persicaria humilis Template:Small
- Persicaria × hybrida Template:Small
- Persicaria hydropiper Template:Small – water-pepper, marsh-pepper smartweed
- Persicaria hydropiperoides Template:Small – swamp smartweed, mild water-pepper
- Persicaria hystricula Template:Small
- Persicaria imeretina Template:Small
- Persicaria × intercedens Template:Small
- Persicaria japonica Template:Small
- Persicaria javanica Template:Small
- Persicaria jucunda Template:Small
- Persicaria kawagoeana Template:Small
- Persicaria lanata Template:Small
- Persicaria lankeshanensis Template:Small
- Persicaria lapathifolia Template:Small – pale persicaria
- Persicaria leblebicii Template:Small
- Persicaria lii Template:Small
- Persicaria limbata Template:Small
- Persicaria limicola Template:Small
- Persicaria longiflora Template:Small
- Persicaria longiseta Template:Small – bristly lady's thumb
- Persicaria maackiana Template:Small
- Persicaria macrantha Template:Small
- Persicaria maculosa Template:Small – Jesusplant, spotted lady's thumb, redshank
- Persicaria madagascariensis Template:Small
- Persicaria manshuricola Template:Small
- Persicaria meisneriana Template:Small – Mexican tearthumb
- Persicaria microcephala Template:Small
- Persicaria mikawana Template:Small
- Persicaria minor Template:Small – small water-pepper
- Persicaria mitis Template:Small
- Persicaria muricata Template:Small
- Persicaria × musashinoensis Template:Small
- Persicaria nakaii Template:Small
- Persicaria nataliae Template:Small
- Persicaria neofiliformis Template:Small
- Persicaria nepalensis Template:Small – Nepal knotweed
- Persicaria nogueirae Template:Small
- Persicaria obtusifolia Template:Small
- Persicaria odorata Template:Small – Vietnamese coriander
- Persicaria orientalis Template:Small – kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's feather, princess-feather
- Persicaria palmata Template:Small
- Persicaria paradoxa Template:Small
- Persicaria paraguayensis Template:Small
- Persicaria paralimicola Template:Small
- Persicaria pensylvanica Template:Small – Pennsylvania smartweed
- Persicaria perfoliata Template:Small
- Persicaria peruviana Template:Small
- Persicaria pilushanensis Template:Small
- Persicaria pinetorum Template:Small
- Persicaria poiretii Template:Small
- Persicaria posumbu Template:Small
- Persicaria praetermissa Template:Small
- Persicaria prostrata Template:Small - creeping knotweed
- Persicaria × pseudoincana Template:Small
- Persicaria × pseudolapathum Template:Small
- Persicaria pubescens Template:Small
- Persicaria pulchra Template:Small
- Persicaria punctata Template:Small – dotted knotweed
- Persicaria puritanorum Template:Small
- Persicaria robustior Template:Small – stout smartweed
- Persicaria rotunda Template:Small
- Persicaria rubricaulis Template:Small
- Persicaria runcinata Template:Small
- Persicaria sagittata Template:Small – American tearthumb, arrowleaf tearthumb, arrowvine
- Persicaria sagittifolia Template:Small
- Persicaria segetum Template:Small
- Persicaria senegalensis Template:Small
- Persicaria senticosa Template:Small
- Persicaria setacea Template:Small – bog smartweed
- Persicaria setosula Template:Small
- Persicaria sinica Template:Small
- Persicaria sinuata Template:Small
- Persicaria snobarii Template:Small
- Persicaria stagnina Template:Small
- Persicaria stelligera Template:Small
- Persicaria strigosa Template:Small – spotted knotweed
- Persicaria strindbergii Template:Small
- Persicaria subsessilis Template:Small
- Persicaria sylvestris Template:Small
- Persicaria taitoinsularis Template:Small
- Persicaria taquetii Template:Small
- Persicaria thunbergii Template:Small
- Persicaria tinctoria Template:Small – Chinese indigo, polygonum-indigo
- Persicaria tomentosa Template:Small
- Persicaria trigonocarpa Template:Small
- Persicaria umbrosa Template:Small
- Persicaria virginiana Template:Small – jumpseed
- Persicaria viscofera Template:Small
- Persicaria viscosa Template:Small
- Persicaria wellensii Template:Small
- Persicaria × wilmsii Template:Small
- Persicaria wugongshanensis Template:Small