Peter Doherty (immunologist)

Peter Charles Doherty (born 15 October 1940)<ref name=whoswho>Template:Who's Who</ref> is an Australian immunologist and Nobel laureate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Doherty received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel.<ref name=itsahonour>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Doherty's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic "innovation and invention".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2012, Doherty was appointed as an Honorary Professor in the School of Biochemistry and Immunology at Trinity College Dublin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and education

Peter Charles Doherty was born in the Brisbane suburb of Sherwood on 15 October 1940, to Eric Charles Doherty and Linda Doherty (née Byford).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=nobel-bio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He grew up in Oxley,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and attended Indooroopilly State High School (which now has a lecture theatre named after him).

After receiving his bachelor's degree in veterinary science in 1962 from the University of Queensland, he was a rural veterinary officer for the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock before taking up laboratory-based work at the Department's Animal Research Institute.<ref name=innov-intel>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There he met microbiology graduate Penelope Stephens and they were married in 1965.<ref name=innov-intel/> Doherty received his master's degree in veterinary science in 1966 from the University of Queensland.<ref name=uq>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He obtained his PhD in pathologyTemplate:Hsp<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1970 from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland,<ref name="phd">Template:Cite thesis Template:Free access</ref> then returned to Australia to continue his research at the John Curtin School of Medical Research within the Australian National University in Canberra.

Research and career

Doherty's research focused<ref name=gs>Template:Google scholar id</ref><ref name=scopus>Template:Scopus id</ref> on the immune system and his Nobel Prize-winning work described how the body's immune cells protect against viruses. He and Rolf Zinkernagel, the co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, discovered how T cells recognise their target antigens in combination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Viruses infect host cells and reproduce inside them. Killer T-cells destroy those infected cells so that the viruses cannot reproduce. In landmark mouse studies of lymphocytic-choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Rolf Zinkernagel and Doherty demonstrated that a T cell recognises an infected target only when it simultaneously detects (i) a viral peptide antigen and (ii) a self-specific molecule of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) displayed on the target-cell surface. This recognition was done by a T-cell receptor on the surface of the T cell.

The MHC was previously identified as being responsible for the rejection of incompatible tissues during transplantation. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that the MHC was responsible for the body fighting meningitis viruses too.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and honours

Doherty was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1987.<ref name=frs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1997, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is the patron of the eponymous Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute), a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health. It houses a group of infection and immunology experts, including Director Professor Sharon Lewin, who are charged with leading the battle against infectious diseases in humans. This became operational in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He became an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the same year he was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAHMS).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2017 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria (FRSV).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

John Monash Science School,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Moreton Bay Boys College,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Murrumba State Secondary College<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> each have a house named after him.

Non academic publications

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Personal life

Template:As of, Peter Doherty and his wife Penny live in Melbourne.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They have two sons, Michael, a neurologist working in the United States,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and James, a Melbourne-based barrister,<ref name=innov-intel/> and six grandchildren.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He gained a renewed level of fame in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic when he accidentally tweeted the phrase 'Dan Murphy opening hours' instead of performing a web search for it.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Doherty currentlyTemplate:When spends three months of the year conducting research at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, where he is a faculty member at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center through the College of Medicine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For the other 9 months of the year, he works in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Melbourne, Victoria.

External links

• Nobel Prize biographical information (including his Nobel Lecture on "Cell Mediated Immunity in Virus Infections")
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• Radio Interview from This Week in Science 5 September 2005 broadcast
• "Winning a Nobel: easy as wrestling a pig", by Margaret Wertheim, Cosmos magazine, October 2006
• Peter Doherty delivers the opening address at the 2009 Melbourne Festival of Ideas on ABC Fora (video)
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