Peterborough County
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Peterborough County is a county and census division located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is the City of Peterborough, which is independent of the county.
The southern section of the county is mix of agriculture, urban and lakefront properties. The northern section of the county is mostly sparsely populated wilderness, with numerous rivers and lakes mostly within Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.
The county contains the Kawarthas, a major tourist region.
HistoryEdit
Origins and evolutionEdit
In 1615, Samuel de Champlain was one of the first western explorers who traveled through the area, coming down from Lake Chemong and portaging down a trail, which is approximated by present-day Chemong Road, to the Otonabee River<ref name="champlain">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and stayed for a brief time near the present-day site of Bridgenorth, just north of Peterborough.
The area was initially part of Northumberland County, which was formed by proclamation of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe in 1792,<ref>Proclamation, Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, July 16, 1792; reprinted in Statutes of the Province of Upper Canada; Together with Such British Statutes, Ordinances of Quebec, and Proclamations, as Relate to the Said Province (Kingston: F. M. Hill, 1831), p. 24.</ref> and defined by statute in 1798.<ref>An act for the better division of this province, SUC 1798 (38 Geo. III), c. 5, s. 19. Reprinted in The Statutes of Upper Canada to the Time of Union, Revised and Published by Authority, Vol. I - Public Acts (Toronto: Robert Stanton, Queen's Printer, 1843).</ref> In 1802, Northumberland was included in the Newcastle District.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref> In 1841, the northern part of the District was detached to form the Colborne District, with the northern portion of Northumberland county made into the new County of Peterborough.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw, implemented by the Proclamation of October 14, 1841</ref> It consisted of the following territory:
| County of Peterborough |
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The townships of Template:Div col
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The county was named in honor of Col. Peter Robinson, who in 1825 brought 2,000 settlers from Ireland. The route taken was by way of Port Hope, Rice Lake and the Otonabee River, the same route used by the first settlers that entered this region in 1818.
The centre of the County was originally the courthouse, which is still considered an important historical site.
In 1851, Peterborough County was divided into the counties of Peterborough and Victoria, which were united for municipal purposes as the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref>
| County of Peterborough | County of Victoria |
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Template:CSS image crop A plebiscite was authorized in 1856 to facilitate the creation of a provisional county council for Victoria,<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref> but, as the united counties council delayed conducting it, a further Act was passed in 1861 to compel its being held, following which the provisional council was formed.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref> and its formal separation took place in 1863.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref>
Further townships were surveyed, thus extending the reach of the County northwards. In 1874, the townships of Bruton, Cardiff, Dysart, Dudley, Glamorgan, Guilford, Harburn, Harcourt, Minden, Monmouth, Snowden and Stanhope were withdrawn from the County and transferred to the new Provisional County of Haliburton.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref>
After the transfer of the northern townships to Haliburton, the remainder of the County consisted of the following:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
| Townships | Area | Opened | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asphodel | Template:Convert | 1821 | Named after the Greek word for lily. |
| Belmont and Methuen | Area Template:Convert | 1823 | By 1842 it had only 33 householders; in 1866 only 185. Townships were mainly rock, lake and stream. |
| Burleigh and Anstruther | Template:Convert | 1861 | First Post Office was called Burleigh. Separated from Dummer Township in 1865. |
| Chandos | Template:Convert | 1862 | Named after the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos |
| Douro | Template:Convert | 1821 | Named after the Battle of Douro in the Peninsular War. |
| Dummer | Template:Convert | 1821 | Named in honor of William Dummer Powell, Chief Justice of Upper Canada. A Colony of immigrants came in 1831, of whom 150 were sent out by the Marquess of Bath. |
| Ennismore | Template:Convert | 1829 | Named in honor of William Hare, Viscount Ennismore, formerly M.P. for Cork City in the Parliament of Ireland, who died in 1827. Originally it was called Emily Gore. |
| Galway and Cavendish | Template:Convert | 1857/1862 | |
| Harvey | Template:Convert | 1821 | Named after Sir John Harvey, Deputy Adjutant General in Canada during the War of 1812. Was part of Smith township until 1866. First settler were retired officers who come in 1832, but did not succeed. |
| North Monaghan | Template:Convert | 1820 | |
| Otonabee | Template:Convert | 1820 | Named after the Otonabee River. The word in the Ojibwe language signifies a delta. |
| Smith | Template:Convert | 1819 | Settled by Allen Otty. |
The Town of Peterborough became a City in 1905, and was subsequently withdrawn from the County for municipal purposes.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref>
In 1974, as a result of the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham, the township of Cavan and the village of Millbrook were withdrawn from Durham County, and the township of South Monaghan was withdrawn from Northumberland County, to be transferred to Peterborough County.<ref>Template:Cite canlaw</ref>
Current municipalitiesEdit
As a consequence of the Common Sense Revolution in Ontario, the County was restructured into the following municipalities during the period 1997-2004:
- Township of Asphodel-Norwood
- Township of Cavan-Monaghan
- Township of Douro-Dummer
- Township of Havelock-Belmont-Methuen
- Township of North Kawartha
- Township of Otonabee-South Monaghan
- Township of Selwyn
- Municipality (Township) of Trent Lakes
Two First Nations reserves are independent of county administration:
DemographicsEdit
Template:Historical populations
Major placesEdit
CitiesEdit
Towns/VillagesEdit
- Buckhorn, Ontario
- Lakefield, Ontario
- Norwood, Ontario
- Havelock, Ontario
- Douro, Ontario
- Apsley, Ontario
- Millbrook, Ontario
- Bridgenorth, Ontario
MediaEdit
In 1994, the Connection newspaper (previously known as Causeway Connection) established in Selwyn in central Peterborough County. The free monthly cottage country newspaper is distributed by mail, providing non-partisan news and information. The Connection is expanding both its distribution areas and internet presence.Template:Citation needed
See alsoEdit
- List of municipalities in Ontario
- List of townships in Ontario
- List of secondary schools in Ontario#Peterborough County
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Peterborough County {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Authority control