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Delaware Valley

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The Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as Greater Philadelphia and informally called the Delaware Valley, the Philadelphia tri-state area, and locally and colloquially Philly–Jersey–Delaware, is a major metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States that centers on Philadelphia, the sixth-most populous city in the United States. This area spans up to four states: southeastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, northern Delaware, and the northern Eastern Shore of Maryland, though it is sometimes considered a tri-state region if northeastern Maryland is excluded. With a core metropolitan statistical area population of 6.288 million residents and a combined statistical area population of 7.366 million as of the 2020 census, it is the ninth-largest metropolitan region in the United States in 2024 and the 68th-largest metropolitan region in the world.

In addition to Philadelphia, other major population centers in the Philadelphia metro area include Reading, Upper Darby Township, and Chester in Pennsylvania; Atlantic City, Camden, Vineland, and Cherry Hill in South Jersey; and Wilmington and Dover in Delaware. As of 2022, the Philadelphia metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) exceeds US$518 billion, making it the tenth-largest metropolitan economy in the nation.<ref name=PhiladelphiaMetroGDP/>

The Philadelphia metropolitan area has been influential in the nation's history and economy and home to many people and sites significant to American culture, history, and politics. Philadelphia is sometimes known as "The Birthplace of America"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in reference to its role as the revolutionary capital during the colonial era in which the Second Continental Congress gathered at Independence Hall and unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence, authorized the formation of the Continental Army, and appointed George Washington its commander to resist the British. After the Continental Army's victory, Philadelphia served as the nation's first capital for most of the 18th century until 1800, when construction of Washington, D.C. was completed. The U.S. Constitution, the world's longest-standing body of federal law, was ratified at Independence Hall in Philadelphia in 1789.

The metro area is one of the nation's leading regions for academia and academic research with a considerable number of globally-known and highly ranked universities, including the University of Pennsylvania, one of the nation's eight Ivy League universities. Other major universities and colleges in the region include Delaware Valley University, Drexel University, Thomas Jefferson University, Rowan University, Villanova University, Saint Joseph's University, Temple University, Rutgers University–Camden, La Salle University, the University of Delaware, Stockton University, and others.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Philadelphia and larger Delaware Valley are a biotechnology hub.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2024, metropolitan Philadelphia ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. venture capital hubs, facilitated by its proximity to both New York City's entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems and to the federal regulatory environment of Washington, D.C.<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Elsewhere in the metropolitan area, South Jersey has emerged as an East Coast epicenter for logistics and major warehouses.<ref name=SouthJerseyEastCoastLogisticsEpicenter>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Culturally, the region is home to the dialect known as Philadelphia English, shares a unique cuisine known as Philadelphia cuisine, has played a formidable role in popular music, and is known for having one of the nation's most passionate and devoted sports cultures centered around its five professional sports teams.

Geography and populationEdit

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File:Delaware river basin map.png
The drainage basin of the Delaware River

The Philadelphia metropolitan area is geographically associated and proximate to the Delaware River and its three primary tributaries, the Schuylkill River, Lehigh River, and Brandywine Creek.

U.S. government agencies have reached various definitions of metropolitan Philadelphia. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan statistical area (MSAs), which are regions with relatively high population densities at their cores and close economic ties throughout their respective areas. MSAs are further combined into combined statistical areas (CSAs), reflecting commuting patterns. Neither is a formal administrative division.

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)Edit

Template:US Census population

As of the 2020 U.S. census, the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area is the seventh-largest MSA in the nation with 6,245,051 people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The MSA includes:

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Philadelphia County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Montgomery County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Bucks County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Delaware County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
New Castle County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Chester County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Camden County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Burlington County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Gloucester County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Salem County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Cecil County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Total MSA Population Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density

Combined statistical area (CSA)Edit

As of 2020, the Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA is the nation's ninth-largest combined statistical area with a population of 7,379,700. Philadelphia-Reading-Camden Combined Statistical Area includes:

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Berks County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Atlantic County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Kent County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Cumberland County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Cape May County Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Total CSA Population Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
File:Boswash.png
The Philadelphia metropolitan area is part of the Northeast megalopolis, the second-most highly populated megaregion of the U.S. with 52.3 million residents.

Statistical historyEdit

When metropolitan areas were originally defined in 1950, most of this urban area was split between four metropolitan areas, or standard metropolitan areas, as they were then called. The Philadelphia SMA included Philadelphia, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties in Pennsylvania, and Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester counties in South Jersey. The Wilmington SMA included New Castle County in Delaware and Salem County in South Jersey. Berks County was designated as the Reading SMA and Atlantic County, New Jersey was the Atlantic City SMA.

In 1960, Cecil County, Maryland was added to what was now the Wilmington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). In 1980, Cumberland County, New Jersey was defined as the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton SMSA.

In 1990, the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton SMSAs were merged with the Trenton SMSA to form the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the same time, Cape May County, New Jersey was added to the Atlantic City SMSA. The "Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton" became obsolete one census later when Trenton, New Jersey was moved to the New York-Newark-Bridgeport CSA. The Philadelphia-Wilmington-Vineland CSA included the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden MSA and the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton MSA.<ref>"Census 2000 PHC-T-29. Ranking Tables for Population of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Combined Statistical Areas, New England City and Town Areas, and Combined New England City and Town Areas: 1990 and 2000" Table 7, released December 30, 2003. Accessed April 22, 2019.</ref>

In 2000, Kent County, Delaware was designated the Dover MSA, and Kent County and Atlantic City were added to the Philadelphia CSA in 2010. As a result of new 2010 definitions, based on a threshold of 15% labor interchange between MSAs, two additional MSAs were added, Ocean City, New Jersey and Reading, Pennsylvania. The CSA to which they belong is known as Philadelphia-Reading-Camden.<ref>Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 13-01, February 28, 2013, accessed on April 22, 2019, at URL https://www.bls.gov/bls/omb-bulletin-13-01-revised-delineations-of-metropolitan-statistical-areas.pdf</ref>

Climate TypesEdit

All of it is Humid Subtropical

  • Köppen Climate Types Maryland.png

    Maryland Köppen Climate Types

  • Köppen Climate Types Pennsylvania.png

    Pennsylvania Köppen Climate Types Pennsylvania

  • Köppen Climate Types Delaware.png

    Delaware Köppen Climate Types

  • Köppen Climate Types New Jersey.png

    New Jersey Köppen Climate Types

SubregionsEdit

The Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area includes sixteen counties in four states. The five Pennsylvania counties in the metropolitan statistical area are collectively known as Southeastern Pennsylvania.<ref name="collarcounties1">Template:Cite news</ref> In addition to Philadelphia, major municipalities in Southeastern Pennsylvania include the inner suburbs of Upper Darby Township and Bensalem Township. Berks County, which forms its own MSA and contains the CSA's second largest city, Reading, is occasionally not considered to be part of Southeastern Pennsylvania and is sometimes assigned to South Central Pennsylvania.

The seven New Jersey counties in the CSA are in South Jersey.<ref name="sstirling1">Template:Cite news</ref> Atlantic County, Cape May County, and Cumberland County each form their own respective metropolitan statistical areas. Atlantic City, Cape May County, New Jersey, and the southern Jersey Shore, including Margate City, Ventnor City, the Wildwoods, and Sea Isle City, are major tourist destinations for people from inside and outside of the metropolitan area. Other major municipalities in South Jersey include Cherry Hill and Camden, which is across the Delaware River, east of Philadelphia. Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties comprise the Delaware River Region, one of seven officially recognized tourism regions by the New Jersey Department of Tourism.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The two counties of Delaware in the CSA constitute a majority of Delaware's land mass and population. Wilmington is the most populous city in Delaware and the fifth-most populous municipality in the metropolitan Philadelphia. The lone Maryland county in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden Combined Statistical Area is part of the region known as the Eastern Shore of Maryland.

Ethnically, Indians make up the largest foreign-born population in Greater Philadelphia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Largest municipalitiesEdit

File:Philadelphia skyline from South Street Bridge January 2020 (rotate 2 degrees perspective correction crop 4-1).jpg
Philadelphia, the most populous city in the metroplitan area and the sixth-most populous city in the nation with over 1.6 million residents
File:Reading, Pennsylvani skyline.jpg
Reading, Pennsylvania
File:Ocean City NJ beach looking north at 12th Street.jpeg
Ocean City, New Jersey
File:Wilmington Delaware skyline.jpg
Wilmington, Delaware

Template:See also The following municipalities are all within the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and part of the Delaware Valley:

City citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

County State
Philadelphia 1,567,872 Philadelphia PA
Reading 87,575 Berks PA
Upper Darby Township 82,765 Delaware PA
Camden 74,420 Camden NJ
Wilmington 71,502 New Castle DE
Cherry Hill 70,976 Camden NJ
Gloucester Township 64,049 Camden NJ
Vineland 60,876 Cumberland NJ
Bensalem Township 60,354 Bucks PA
Lower Merion Township 58,220 Montgomery PA
Abington Township 55,640 Montgomery PA
Bristol Township 54,170 Bucks PA
Haverford Township 48,893 Delaware PA
Washington Township 48,301 Gloucester NJ
Evesham Township 45,578 Burlington NJ
Middletown Township 45,318 Bucks PA
Egg Harbor Township 43,747 Atlantic NJ
Mount Laurel 41,849 Burlington NJ
Northampton Township 39,562 Bucks PA
Winslow Township 39,417 Camden NJ

ClimateEdit

The Philadelphia metro area has four distinct seasons with ample precipitation and is divided by the 0 °C (32 °F) January isotherm. Philadelphia and the New Jersey portion of the area, almost all of the Delaware and Maryland portions, most of Delaware County and lower Bucks County, lowland southern Chester County, and some southern and lowland areas of Montgomery County have a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification.) The remainder of the metro area has a hot summer humid continental climate (Dfa.) PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University

Snow amounts may vary widely year-to-year and normally do vary widely within metro Philadelphia. The region has two ski resorts, Bear Creek Mountain Resort in Longswamp Township, Berks County and Spring Mountain Adventures in central Montgomery County.

Using the -3 °C January isotherm as a boundary, all of the metro area is humid subtropical. The hardiness zone in the region ranges from 6b in higher areas of Berks and northern Bucks Counties to 8a in Atlantic City and Cape May. [1]

Using the Trewartha climate classification system, which requires eight months to average at least 50 °F for the climate to be considered subtropical, the region only has seven such months, so the area considered Cfa by Köppen is oceanic (Do) in the Trewartha system.

Template:Philadelphia weatherbox Template:Atlantic City, New Jersey weatherbox Template:Weather box Template:Weather box Template:Weather box Template:Weather box

EconomyEdit

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As of 2021, the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area has a gross domestic product of $477.58 billion, the tenth-largest among the nation's MSAs. The MSA's nominal gross domestic product of $431 billion is comparable to countries, such as Belgium, Iran, and Thailand.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Metropolitan Philadelphia is one of the top five American venture capital hubs, credited to its proximity to the New York metropolitan area and its financial and tech and biotechnology ecosystems.

At least two educational institutions, Delaware Valley Regional High School in Alexandria Township, New Jersey, and Delaware Valley College in Doylestown Township, Pennsylvania, and a now defunct local newspaper, The Delaware Valley News in Frenchtown, New Jersey, are named for the region.

Delaware Regional Planning CommissionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) serves all of the counties of the Philadelphia MSA except for the counties in the Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ Metropolitan Division. However, in addition to the metropolitan area, DVRPC's jurisdiction includes Mercer County, New Jersey, which OMB classifies as the Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA and part of the larger New York-Newark CSA.<ref name="dvrpc1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Colonial historyEdit

Template:Further The valley was the territory of the Susquehannock and Lenape, who are recalled in place names throughout the region. The region became part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland after the exploration of Delaware Bay in 1609. The Dutch called the Delaware River the Zuyd Rivier, or South River, and considered the lands along it banks and those of its bay to be the southern flank of its province of New Netherland. In 1638, it began to be settled by Swedes, Forest Finns, Dutch, and Walloons and became the colony of New Sweden, though this was not officially recognized by the Dutch Empire which re-asserted control in 1655. The area was taken by the English in 1664.<ref>*Family Search.com: Map of Delaware Valley in 17th century showing forts & settlements with date of founding</ref> The name Delaware comes from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, who had arrived at Jamestown, Virginia in 1610, just as original settlers were about to abandon it, and thus maintaining the English foothold on the North American continent. In the early 1700s, Huguenot refugees from France by way of Germany and then England began settling in the Delaware River Valley. Specifically, they left their mark in Hunterdon County, New Jersey (Frenchtown) and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

TransportationEdit

Template:See also Many residents commute to jobs and travel in Philadelphia, Camden, Wilmington, and the surrounding suburbs with the help of expressways, trains, and buses. There are currently no transit connections to Reading, the second largest municipality in the region.

RailEdit

Rapid transitEdit

File:SEPTA63rdStreetStationPlatform2007.jpg
SEPTA's Market–Frankford Line at 63rd Street Station in West Philadelphia

Light railEdit

Commuter railEdit

File:30th Street Station concourse March 2019.jpeg
The grand concourse at Philadelphia's 30th Street Station, which serves Amtrak, SEPTA Regional Rail, and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line

Intercity railEdit

Bus serviceEdit

Transit busesEdit

Intercity busEdit

Major highwaysEdit

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PennsylvaniaEdit

New JerseyEdit

DelawareEdit

MarylandEdit

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Delaware River BridgesEdit

File:2012 Ben Franklin Bridge and Race Street Pier.jpg
Benjamin Franklin Bridge, connecting Philadelphia in the west with Camden, New Jersey in the east
File:Philadelphia International Airport.jpg
Philadelphia International Airport

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

AirportsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Major:

Secondary:

FerryEdit

The Cape May–Lewes Ferry crosses the mouth of the Delaware Bay between Cape May County, New Jersey and Sussex County, Delaware; U.S. Route 9 uses this ferry.

The Riverlink Ferry operates hourly ferry service over the Delaware River between the Camden Waterfront and Penn's Landing in Philadelphia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They also operate a special event service for concerts at Freedom Mortgage Pavilion in Camden.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Colleges and universitiesEdit

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DelawareEdit

MarylandEdit

New JerseyEdit

PennsylvaniaEdit

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CultureEdit

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CharacteristicsEdit

File:Friendship Gate Chinatown Philadelphia from east.jpg
Philadelphia's Chinatown, home to many Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants
File:Hindu Temple Delaware Pic -2.jpg
Hindu Temple of Delaware in Hockessin, Delaware
File:Westchester.jpg
West Chester, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia's suburbs contain a high concentration of malls, the two largest of which have at least Template:Convert of office space, and at least Template:Convert of retail. These are the King of Prussia mall in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, which is the largest in the U.S. (leasable sq. feet of retail space), and the Cherry Hill Mall in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, which was the first enclosed mall on the East Coast. In addition, the Christiana Mall in Newark, Delaware, is a popular destination due to its proximity to Interstate 95 and because of the availability of tax-free shopping in Delaware. Malls, office complexes, strip shopping plazas, expressways, and tract housing are common sights, and more and more continue to replace rolling countryside, farms, woods, and wetlands. However, due to strong opposition by residents and political officials, many acres of land have been preserved throughout the metro area. Older townships and large boroughs, such as Cheltenham, Norristown, Jenkintown, Upper Darby, and West Chester retain distinct community identities while engulfed in suburbia.

Mid-Atlantic American English and its subset, Philadelphia English, are two common dialects of American English in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.

File:Fieldatthepark.jpg
Citizens Bank Park in South Philadelphia, home of the Philadelphia Phillies

Sports teamsEdit

Template:Further Listing of the professional sports teams in the Philadelphia metro area:

MediaEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Philadelphia metro area has several urban areas that border on it, including the Lehigh Valley, and are part of the Philadelphia media market, the fourth-largest media market in the nation as of 2023.<ref name="truckadsmarkets">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The two main newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer and the Philadelphia Daily News, owned by the Philadelphia Media Network. Local television channels include KYW-TV 3 (CBS), WPVI 6 (ABC), WCAU 10 (NBC), WHYY-TV 12 (PBS), WPHL-TV 17 (MyNetworkTV), WTXF 29 (FOX), WPSG 57 (CW), and WPPX 61 (Ion). Radio stations serving the area include: WRTI, WIOQ, WDAS (AM), and WTEL. Template:Philly TV Template:Philly Radio

Area codesEdit

  • 215/267/445: The City of Philadelphia and some of its northern suburbs
  • 610/484/835: Southeastern Pennsylvania outside Philadelphia, including the western suburbs, the Lehigh Valley, and most of Berks County
  • 856: Southwestern New Jersey, including Camden, Cherry Hill, and Vineland
  • 609/640: Central and Southeastern New Jersey, including Trenton, Atlantic City and the southern Jersey Shore
  • 302: Delaware
  • 410/443/667: Eastern half of Maryland, including Cecil County
  • 717/223: South Central Pennsylvania, including Western Berks County

PoliticsEdit

Template:See also Philadelphia is heavily Democratic, having voted for the Democratic candidate in every presidential election since 1936. The surrounding suburban counties are key political areas in Pennsylvania, which itself is an important swing state in federal politics.<ref name="mcohen1">Template:Cite news</ref> South Jersey has consistently voted Democratic at the presidential level in recent years, although the region is slightly more Republican-leaning than North Jersey and has voted for Republicans at the state and local level.<ref name="cohennj">Template:Cite news</ref> New Castle County's Democratic lean and large share of Delaware's population has tended to make Delaware as a whole vote for Democrats, while the less populous Kent County is more competitive.<ref name="cohende">Template:Cite news</ref> Recent well-known political figures from the Greater Philadelphia area include former U.S. President Joe Biden, former Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell and late former U.S. Senator Arlen Specter.

Congressional districtsEdit

The following congressional districts of the United States House of Representatives are located partly or entirely in the Phladelphia combined statistical area. Italicized counties are not part of the CSA.

District Incumbent
District PVI Incumbent Party Counties
DE-AL Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Lisa Blunt Rochester Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Kent, New Castle, and Sussex
MD-1 Template:Party shading/Republican| Template:Sort Andy Harris Template:Party shading/Republican| R Baltimore, Caroline, Carroll, Cecil, Dorchester, Harford, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester
NJ-1 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Donald Norcross Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester
NJ-2 Template:Party shading/Republican| Template:Sort Jeff Van Drew Template:Party shading/Republican| R Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Ocean, and Salem
NJ-3 Template:Party shading/Republican| Template:Sort Andy Kim Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Burlington and Ocean
PA-1 Template:Party shading/Republican| Template:Sort Brian Fitzpatrick Template:Party shading/Republican| R Bucks and Montgomery
PA-2 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Brendan Boyle Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Philadelphia
PA-3 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Dwight Evans Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Philadelphia
PA-4 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Madeleine Dean Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Berks and Montgomery
PA-5 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Mary Gay Scanlon Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia
PA-6 Template:Party shading/Democratic| Template:Sort Chrissy Houlahan Template:Party shading/Democratic| D Berks and Chester
PA-9 Template:Party shading/Republican| Template:Sort Dan Meuser Template:Party shading/Republican| R Berks, Carbon, Columbia, Lebanon, Luzerne, Montour, Northumberland, and Schuylkill

Additionally, the Philadelphia metro area is represented in the United States Senate by the eight Senators from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

See alsoEdit

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NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Jean R. Soderlund, Lenape Country: Delaware Valley Society before William Penn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
  • Mark L. Thompson, The Contest for the Delaware Valley: Allegiance, Identity, and Empire in the Seventeenth Century. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.

External linksEdit

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