Pinus densiflora

Pinus densiflora, also called the Japanese red pine,<ref>Template:PLANTS</ref> the Japanese pine,<ref name=BSBI07>Template:BSBI 2007</ref> or Korean red pine,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> is a species of pine tree native to East Asia and Siberia. In China, the plant is known as 赤松 (pinyin: chì sōng, literally "red pine").

Distribution and habitat

P. densiflora has a home range that includes Japan, the Korean Peninsula, northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and northeastern Jiangsu) and the extreme southeast of Russia (in Siberia, southern Primorsky Krai).

Description

The leaves are needle-like, Template:Convert long, with two per fascicle. The short leaves are 5–6 cm. There are stomatal lines on both sides of the leaf, two vascular bundles, about three to nine resin canals, and fine serrations on the edge of the leaf. Branchlets with more or less white powder. Male cones are light reddish yellow, clustered in the lower part of new branches, female cones are light reddish purple, solitary or clustered in two to three clusters. The cones are dark brown yellow or light brown yellow when mature, they dehiscent at maturity, seed scales usually thin, seed winged. The bark is orange-red, cracked into irregular scale-like pieces. Heartwood reddish brown, sapwood light reddish yellow. The height of the tree is Template:Convert. The crown can reach Template:Convert.<ref name=赤松>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=赤松赤胆>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

"The distribution of P. densiflora in China has the following pattern of variation: the more northward it is distributed, the needles are relatively shorter, the white powder on the branchlets is sometimes less obvious or partly obvious, and the color of the cones is lighter. It is light brown yellow".<ref name=赤松>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The cones are Template:Convert long. It is closely related to Scots pine, differing in the longer, slenderer leaves which are mid-green without the glaucous-blue tone of Scots pine. This pine has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars, but in the winter it becomes yellowish. The plant prefers full sun on well-drained, slightly acidic soil.

Uses

Strong wind resistance, P. densiflora is an excellent tree species for afforestation in stony mountains, barren soil and sandy land. The timber can be used for construction, electric poles, sleepers, ore pillars, furniture, and wood fiber industrial raw materials. The trunk is rich in resin, from which rosin and turpentine can be extracted. Essential oil can be extracted from the leaves. In northeast China, matsutake relies on P. densiflora for growth. "Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve/Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve" takes Matsutake, P. densiflora and ecosystem as the main protection objects. P. densiflora wood has natural anti-corrosion and anti-mildew properties, and natural preservatives and natural wood anti-mold agents can be extracted. P. densiflora has non-stinging needles and soft branches, making it easy to shape as a penjing.<ref name=赤松>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=赤松赤胆>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gallery

• Matsu01.jpg

  Planted in a Japanese park

• Cultivated Aleppo Pine in Huntington.jpg

  Cultivated Japanese Red Pine 'Pendula' in Huntington Library's Japanese Garden

• Japanese Red Pine (Japanese garden).JPG

  Planted in Japanese garden

• Pinus densiflora Umbraculifera.jpg

  Var. "Umbraculifera'
  "Tanyosho pine"

• Tanyosho pines NYBG jeh.jpg

  Planted in New York Botanical Garden

• CL-33 Pinus densiflora range map.png

  Pinus densiflora range map

Further reading

• Template:Cite journal