Pitcher (container)

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File:Ewer and basin MET DP362783 (cropped).jpg

French ewer, 1795, hard-paste porcelain, height: 25.4 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

In American English, a pitcher is a container with a spout used for storing and pouring liquids. In English-speaking countries outside North America, a jug is any container with a handle and a mouth and spout for liquid – American "pitchers" will be called jugs elsewhere.Template:Citation needed Generally a pitcher also has a handle, which makes pouring easier.

Ewer is an older word for a pitcher or jug of any type, though tending to be used for a vase-shaped pitcher, often decorated, with a base and a flaring spout. The word is now unusual in informal English describing ordinary domestic vessels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A notable ewer is the America's Cup, which is awarded to the winning team of the America's Cup sailing regatta match.<ref>An overall account can be found the book by Template:Cite book</ref>

EtymologyEdit

File:Milk Pitcher With Lid.jpg

Plastic pitcher of milk.

The word pitcher comes from the 13th-century Middle English word picher, which means earthen jug.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:OEtymD</ref> The word picher is linked to the Old French word pichier, which is the altered version of the word bichier, meaning drinking cup.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The word's origin goes as far back to the Medieval Latin word Template:Linktext from the Greek word βῖκος : bîkos, which meant earthen vessel. Compare with Dutch beker, German Becher, English Template:Linktext and Italian Template:Linktext. Template:Citation needed

Ancient examplesEdit

In the typology of Greek vase shapes jug or pitcher shapes include various types of oenochoe, and the olpe.

An early mention of a pitcher occurs in the Book of Genesis, when Rebekah comes to Abraham's servant bearing a vessel with water.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the Book of Judges, Gideon gives empty pitchers containing lamps to three hundred men divided into three companies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the gospels of Mark and Luke, Jesus tells two of his disciples to go into the city of Jerusalem, where they will meet a man carrying a pitcher of water (Greek: κεράμιον ὕδατος : kerámion hydatos), and instructs them to follow him to locate the upper room to be used for the Last Supper.<ref>Mark 14:13; Luke 22;10</ref>

The pitcher of Marwan Ibn Mohammad, on display at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, predates the 8th century.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

During the Tang dynasty, ewers fashioned from glazed earthenware bore illustrations of Persian textiles and metalwork and depicted increased cultural diversity in populated Chinese cities. Once coveted by the upper classes, ewers eventually became commonplace.<ref name=BMA>Template:Cite book</ref>

Idiomatic usageEdit

The proverb "little pitchers have big ears"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> cautions adults that children are not always as naïve as they seem.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GalleryEdit

Ewer MET 2 9r2 34J.jpg

Austrian ewer, 1775, silver, height: 48 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
MuseAcrotiriItems-133-134-6645-2 (cropped).JPG

Minoan ewers, early 17th century BC, from Akrotiri (Santorini), Museum of Prehistoric Thera (Santorini, Greece).
Pitcher with Black on White Geometric Designs, 900-1300, 01.1538.1756.jpg

Pitcher with Black on White Geometric Designs, Anasazi (Native American), 900-1300 AD. Brooklyn Museum.
Jebena Ethiopian coffee pot.jpg

Jebena. A Jebena is the coffee pitcher used in Ethiopia and Eritrea and is a piece of pottery.
Pitcher 1490-1510.jpg

Silver-gilt pitcher from the Portuguese crown jewels collection, Template:Circa.
Pitcher and Glass of Yukon Gold Beer - Klondike Kate's - Dawson City - Yukon Territory - Canada.jpg

Pitcher of beer.
Khalili Collection Islamic Art gls 0275.1.jpg

Large Ewer, Iran or Egypt 9th–11th century AD, held by the Khalili Collection of Islamic Art. This is the largest specimen known so far of a popular Islamic glass form – the pear-shaped ewer with almond-shaped mouth. The shape can be traced back to Sasanian glass ewers.
Ewer base with Zodiac medallions MET DP148.jpg

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ReferencesEdit

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