Pope Boniface IV
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Pope Boniface IV (Template:Langx; 550 – 8 May 615Template:Efn) was the bishop of Rome from 608 to his death on 8 May 615.Template:Efn He was a member of the Benedictine order. Boniface had served as a deacon under Pope Gregory I, and like his mentor, he ran the Lateran Palace as a monastery. As pope, he encouraged monasticism. With imperial permission, he converted the Pantheon into a church. In 610, he conferred with Bishop Mellitus of London regarding the needs of the English Church. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church with a universal feast day on 8 May.
Family and early careerEdit
Boniface was born in what is now the Province of L'Aquila. His father was a physician named John. His family was of Marsi origins according to the Liber Pontificalis.<ref> Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007</ref> During the pontificate of Gregory the Great, Boniface was a deacon of the Roman Church and held the position of dispensator, that is, the first official in connection with the administration of the patrimonies.<ref name="Oestreich 1907">Template:Catholic</ref>
PontificateEdit
Boniface IV was elected to succeed Boniface III but a vacancy of over nine months ensued, awaiting imperial confirmation from Constantinople. He was consecrated on either 25 August, according to Duchesne, or 15 September, according to Jaffé, in 608.<ref name="Oestreich 1907"/> The Vatican lists the official beginning of his papacy as 25 September.
Boniface obtained leave from Emperor Phocas to convert the Pantheon in Rome into a Christian church, and on 13 May 609,<ref>MacDonald, William L. (1976). The Pantheon: Design, Meaning, and Progeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Template:ISBN</ref> the temple erected by Agrippa to Jupiter the Avenger, Venus, and Mars was consecrated by the pope in honor of the Virgin Mary and all the Martyrs. It was the first instance in Rome of the transformation of a pagan temple into a place of Christian worship. Twenty-eight cartloads of sacred bones were said to have been removed from the Catacombs and placed in a porphyry basin beneath the high altar.<ref name="Oestreich 1907"/>
In 610, Mellitus, the first bishop of London, went to Rome "to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church". While in Rome, he assisted at a synod then being held concerning certain questions on "the life and monastic peace of monks", and, on his departure, took to England the decree of the council together with letters from the pope to Archbishop Laurence of Canterbury and to all the clergy, to King Æthelberht of Kent, and to all the Anglo-Saxons.<ref name=oxford>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The decrees of the council now extant are spurious. The letter to Æthelberht<ref> Template:Harvnb cites:Template:Harvnb</ref> is considered spurious by Hefele,<ref>Template:Harvnb cites: Template:Harvnb.</ref> questionable by Haddan and Stubbs,<ref>Template:Harvnb cites: Mansi, Councils, III, 65.</ref> and genuine by Jaffé.<ref>Template:Harvnb cites: Template:Harvnb.</ref>
Between 612 and 615, the Irish missionary Columbanus, then living at Bobbio in Italy, was persuaded by King Agilulf of Lombardy to address a letter on the condemnation of the "Three Chapters" to Boniface IV. He told the pope that he was suspected of heresy for accepting the Fifth Ecumenical Council and exhorted him to summon a council and prove his orthodoxy.<ref name="Oestreich 1907"/> There is no record of a rejoinder from Boniface.
DeathEdit
Inspired by Gregory the Great, Boniface IV converted his house into a monastery, where he retired and died on 8 May. He was succeeded by Adeodatus I, who reversed his policy favouring monasticism. Boniface IV was buried in the portico of St. Peter's Basilica. His remains were three times removed — in the tenth or eleventh century, at the close of the thirteenth under Boniface VIII, and to the new St. Peter's on 21 October 1603.<ref name="Oestreich 1907"/> Boniface IV is commemorated as a saint in the Roman Martyrology on his feast day, 8 May.<ref name=oxford/>
Feast DaysEdit
- 8 May - main commemoration, death anniversary,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- 25 May - old commemoration date,<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- 28 May - commemoration by Benedictines and Cistercians,
- 3rd weekend of August - feast of patrons of Luco dei Marsi (Abruzzo)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- 21 October - translation of relics in 1603,<ref name=":0" />
NotesEdit
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CitationsEdit
SourcesEdit
Attribution:
- Template:CE1913 Endnotes:
External linksEdit
- Biography from CFPeople.org
- Saints.SQPN: Boniface IV
- Santiebeati: Boniface IV
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