Prunus cerasifera

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish

Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.<ref name=uconn>UConn Horticulture Template:Webarchive</ref> Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.

DescriptionEdit

Wild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching Template:Convert tall, sometimes spiny, with glabrous, ovate deciduous leaves Template:Cvt long.<ref name=Stace>Template:Cite book</ref> It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring,<ref name=Stace/> often starting in mid-February before the leaves have opened. The flowers are white or pale pink and about Template:Cvt across, with five petals and many stamens. The fruit is an edible drupe, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid-September. They are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum.<ref name="Kitchen">Template:Cite book</ref> The plant propagates by seed or by suckering, and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars.<ref name=Stace/>

Distribution and habitatEdit

It is native to Southeast Europe<ref name=Stace/><ref>Altervista Flora Italiana, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. includes photos and European distribution map</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Western Asia,<ref name=uconn/><ref>Flora of China, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1789. 樱桃李 ying tao li </ref> and is naturalised in the British Isles<ref name=Stace/> and scattered locations in North America.<ref>Flora of North America, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1784. Cherry plum, myrobalan </ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is also naturalized in parts of Southeast Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers.Template:Citation needed

EcologyEdit

P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum, Prunus domestica, perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}/</ref> or perhaps the sole parent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe: Victoria, greengages, bullace, etc.

CultivationEdit

File:PrunusCerasiferaBonsai.jpg

Bonsai (shohin size)

The cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use, grown for its very early flowering. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them selected for purple foliage, such as P. cerasifera var pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (P. 'Atropurpurea').<ref name=Stace/><ref name=pissard>Pissard Plum Fact Sheet</ref> The cultivar 'Nigra' with black foliage and pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Prunus × cistena (purple leaf sand cherry), a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila, the sand cherry, also won the Award of Garden Merit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Plant Facts, Prunus x cistena - Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (Rosaceae)</ref><ref>Nazareth College, Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena Template:Webarchive/</ref> These purple-foliage forms (often called 'purple-leaf plum'), also have dark purple fruit, which make an attractive, intensely coloured jam. They can have white or pink flowers. The cultivar 'Thundercloud' has bright red foliage which darkens purple.<ref>Thundercloud Fact Sheet</ref> Others, such as 'Lindsayae', have green foliage. Some kinds of purple-leaf plums are used for bonsai<ref name=pissard/> and other forms of living sculpture. Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits, foliage, and flowers in any of several colours.

UsesEdit

The fruits are edible.<ref name="tktimb">Template:Cite book</ref> Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce, as well as a number of popular dishes, such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew. It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature, for eating raw when ripened, and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content.Template:Cn