Ralph Chaplin
Template:Short description Template:Primary sources Template:Infobox person Ralph Hosea Chaplin (1887–1961) was an American writer, artist and labor activist.
BackgroundEdit
Chaplin was born in 1887.Template:Citation needed At the age of seven, he saw a worker shot dead during the Pullman Strike in Chicago, Illinois. He had moved with his family from Ames, Kansas to Chicago in 1893.
CareerEdit
During a time in Mexico he was influenced by hearing of the execution squads established by Porfirio Díaz,Template:Citation needed and became a supporter of Emiliano Zapata.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On his return, he began work in various union positions, most of which were poorly paid. Some of Chaplin's early artwork was done for the International Socialist Review and other Charles H. Kerr publications.
For two years Chaplin worked in the strike committee with Mother Jones for the bloody Kanawha County, West Virginia strike of coal miners in 1912–13. These influences led him to write a number of labor oriented poems,Template:Citation needed one of which became the words for the oft-sung union anthem, "Solidarity Forever".
Chaplin then became active in the Industrial Workers of the World (the IWW, or "Wobblies") and became editor of its eastern U.S. publication Solidarity. In 1917 Chaplin and some 100 other Wobblies were rounded up, convicted, and jailed under the Espionage Act of 1917 for conspiring to hinder the draft and encourage desertion. He wrote Bars And Shadows: The Prison Poems while serving four years of a 20-year sentence.
Although he continued to work for labor rights after his release from prison, Chaplin was very disillusioned by the aftermath of the Russian Revolution and the evolution of the Soviet state and international communism, particularly its involvement in American politics and unions in 1920–1948, as he details in his autobiography, Wobbly.Template:Page needed
Chaplin maintained his involvement with the IWW, serving in Chicago as editor of its newspaper, the Industrial Worker, from 1932 to 1936. Chaplin left the IWW in 1936.<ref name=":0" />
Eventually Chaplin settled in Tacoma, Washington, where he edited the American Federation of Labor's local labor publication. He converted to Roman Catholicism and published his autobiography Wobbly.<ref name=":0" /> From 1949 until his death, he was curator of manuscripts for the Washington State Historical Society.
Death and legacyEdit
Chaplin died in 1961.<ref name=":0" />
According to the IWW, Chaplin likely designed the now widely used anarcho-syndicalist image, the black cat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2022, law professor Ahmed White mentioned him in his book on the IWW called Under the Iron Heel.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
WorksEdit
There are ten entries for Chaplin's works in the Library of Congress online catalog.
- Illustrations
- Out of the Dump (1909)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Poetry
- When the Leaves Come Out and Other Rebel Verses (1917)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Bars and Shadows: The Prison Poems (1922)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Bars and Shadows: The Prison Poems (1923)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Nonfiction
- The Centralia Conspiracy (1920)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- The Centralia Conspiracy: The Truth About the Armistice Tragedy (1924)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Centralia Case: Three Views (1971)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- American Labor's Case Against Communism: How the Operations of Stalin's Red Quislings Look from Inside the Labor Movement (1947)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Wobbly: The Rough-and-Tumble Story of an American Radical (1948)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Wobbly: The Rough-and-Tumble Story of an American Radical (1972)<ref>
Template:Cite book</ref>
- Articles
- "Confessions of a Radical," two-part article in Empire Magazine of the Denver Post (February 17, 1957, pp. 12–13, and February 24, 1957, pp. 10–11)
- "Why I Wrote Solidarity Forever," American West, vol. 5, no. 1 (January 1968), 18–27, 73
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Commons-inline
- Template:Wikiquote-inline
- Template:Wikisource author-inline
- Template:Gutenberg author
- Template:Internet Archive author
- Template:Librivox author
- CHAPLIN, Ralph Hosea (1887-1961), papers, Special Collections, Washington State Historical Society
- Grave of Ralph Chaplin Calvary Cemetery, Tacoma, Washington