Rawicz

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}}Template:Main other Rawicz ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx) is a town in west-central Poland with 21,398 inhabitants as of 2004. It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship Template:TERYT (since 1999); previously it was in Leszno Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Rawicz County.

HistoryEdit

The town was founded by Adam Olbracht Przyjemski of Rawicz coat of arms for Protestant refugees from Silesia during the Thirty Years' War. In 1638 King Władysław IV Vasa granted Rawicz town rights and confirmed the town's coat of arms.<ref name=RA>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rawicz was built as a precisely planned town and developed at a rapid pace.<ref name=RA/> It was located on the trade route connecting Poznań and Wrocław.<ref name=RA/> In 1640, a cloth guild was founded.<ref name=RA/> Cloth production became a leading branch of the local industry, and by the end of the 18th century Rawicz was the leading weaving town of the whole region of Greater Poland.<ref name=RA/> Rawicz was a private town of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Kościan County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

After the destruction of Rawicz by the Swedes in 1655 during the Deluge, the town was rebuilt in an impressive way, erecting new townhouses, a Baroque church and a Catholic monastery.<ref name=RA/> The early 18th century was an unfavorable period in the town's history. In 1701 it suffered a fire, in 1704-1705 it was occupied by Sweden, foreign troops marched through it: Russians in 1707, Austrians in 1719, Saxons in 1733.<ref name=RA/> In the following decades, rapid development took place again, the construction of the castle was completed and a new Baroque town hall was built.<ref name=RA/> In the second half of the 18th century, there were two breweries, a distillery, a slaughterhouse, and a brickyard in Rawicz.<ref name=RA/>

In 1793, Rawicz was annexed by Prussia as a result of the Second Partition of Poland. In 1807 the town was recovered by Poles as part of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 it was again annexed by Prussia, initially as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Poznan.<ref name=RA/> The principal industry was the manufacture of snuff and cigars. Trade involved grain, wool, cattle, hides, and timber. In 1905 it had 11,403 inhabitants. After World War I Poland regained its independence in 1918. In 1919 the Battle of Rawicz was fought as part of the Greater Poland uprising, aiming to reunite the region with the reestablished Polish state. Rawicz returned to Poland in January 1920.

On the first day of the invasion of Poland, which started World War II on September 1, 1939, the Germans entered the town, but were forced to withdraw.<ref name=RA/> They entered again on September 5.<ref name=RA/> In the following days the Einsatzgruppe III entered the town to commit crimes against Poles.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Poles arrested during the Intelligenzaktion were imprisoned in the local prison.<ref>Wardzyńska (2009), p. 117</ref> In October 1939 the Germans carried out the first executions of Polish residents,<ref name=RA/> while first mass expulsions of over 500 Poles were carried out in December 1939.<ref name=mw>Template:Cite book</ref> The expelled Poles were predominantly local activists and owners of better houses, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.<ref name=mw/> Also a transit camp for Poles expelled from nearby villages was operated in the town.<ref name=mw/> Despite such circumstances, the Polish resistance movement was organized in the town. In January 1945, the town was taken over by the Soviets, who imprisoned soldiers of the Polish Home Army here.<ref name=RA/> Later on, the Soviet-appointed communists organized a prison here for political opponents, of which 142 died.<ref name=RA/>

In 1973, Sarnowa was included within the town limits.

A large prison exists in former monastery since 1820.

A 50 billion cubic feet natural gas discovery at Rawicz in 2015 is expected to be the largest gas development in Poland for 20 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SightsEdit

Among the historic sights of Rawicz are the Rynek (Market Square) with the Baroque town hall, the Baroque Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Classicist Church of Saint Andrew Bobola, the Gothic Revival Church of Christ the King, the Planty Park and historic townhouses, dating back to the 18th and 19th century.

Wnętrze z ławkami kościoła św. Andrzeja Boboli w Rawiczu.jpg

Interior of Saint Andrew Bobola's Church
Rawicz,kościół.jpg

Exterior of Saint Andrew Bobola's Church
Kościół pw. Chrystusa Króla i Zwiastowania Najświętszej Marii Panny.jpg

Church of Christ the King
SM Rawicz Ratusz Sarnowski 2019 (2).jpg

Rawicz-Sarnowa Town Hall
Rawicz,ul.Rynek 18.jpg

Old townhouses at the Rynek (Market Square)

SportsEdit

Notable local sports clubs are speedway club Kolejarz Rawicz, who race at the Florian Kapała Stadium and football team Template:Ill.

TransportEdit

File:Rawicz train station, building in 2015 summer.JPG

Rawicz railway station

A railway station is located in the town. The expressway S5 and national road 36 run near the town.

CuisineEdit

The officially protected traditional food originating from Rawicz is kiełbaska rawicka, a local type of kiełbasa (as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland).<ref name=kr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Local traditions of meat production date back hundreds of years.<ref name=kr/>