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Revilo P. Oliver

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Template:Infobox writer Revilo Pendleton Oliver (July 7, 1908 – August 20, 1994) was an American professor of Classical philology, Spanish, and Italian at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was a co-founder of the John Birch Society in 1958, where he published in its magazine, American Opinion, before resigning in 1966.<ref name=":1" /> He later advised a Holocaust denial group.<ref name=":0" /> He was a polemicist for right-wing, white nationalist and antisemitic causes.<ref name=":2" />

Oliver attracted national notoriety in the 1960s when he published an article after the President John F. Kennedy assassination, alleging that Lee Harvey Oswald was part of a Soviet conspiracy against the United States. He was called to testify before the Warren Commission investigating the murder.<ref name=warren>Template:Citation</ref>

Life and careerEdit

Early lifeEdit

Oliver was born in 1908 near Corpus Christi, Texas. He attended two years of high school in Illinois. He wrote that he received "one of the first mastoidectomies performed as more than a daring experiment". He relocated to California, where he studied Sanskrit, finding a Hindu missionary to tutor him, he wrote.<ref name=tjs>Template:Citation</ref>

He later wrote that as an adolescent, he found amusement in watching evangelists "pitch the woo at the simple-minded", attending performances of Aimee Semple McPherson and Katherine Tingley.<ref name=tjs /> He entered Pomona College in Claremont, California, when he was sixteen.Template:Sfn

AcademiaEdit

In 1930, Oliver married Grace Needham. He returned to Illinois, where he attended the University of Illinois and studied under William Abbott Oldfather. His first book was an annotated translation, from the Sanskrit, of Mricchakatika (The Little Clay Cart), published by the University of Illinois in 1938. He received his PhD in 1940.Template:Sfn That same year, the University published his Ph.D. thesis: Niccolò Perotti's Translations of the Enchiridion, which was republished in 1954 as Niccolo Perotti's Version of the Enchiridion of Epictetus.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Oliver began teaching graduate classes. For a number of yearsTemplate:Specify he also gave graduate courses in the Renaissance, teaching in the Departments of Spanish and Italian.Template:Sfn He said he read 11 languages.<ref name=":2" />

Oliver worked in a military intelligence unit in the Signal Services during World War II, according to his writing.<ref name=":2" /> He wrote that he was in the War Department from 1942 until autumn 1945, and that he was "responsible for the work of c. 175 persons".Template:SfnTemplate:Third-party inline

Oliver left Washington, D.C. in 1945. He joined the University of Illinois in 1945<ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref> as an assistant professor, became an associate professor in 1947, and professor in 1953.Template:Sfn He published little in the academic press but later became known for politically conservative articles expressing anti-Semitism and white nationalism.Template:Citation needed He retired in 1977 from the University of Illinois as a professor emeritus.<ref name=":2" />

Conservative movementEdit

Oliver was an early book reviewer for National Review from 1956 until May 1960 when he was ousted by its editor, William F. Buckley Jr for his public antisemitism.<ref>Bogus, Carl T. 2011. Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American Conservatism. Bloomsbury. 183.</ref> Oliver also wrote for The American Mercury.<ref name=":2" /> Buckley, who aimed to make conservatism more respectable to Americans averse to antisemitism and extremism, kept a close friendship with Oliver but acknowledged privately that Oliver was antisemitic.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 1958, Oliver joined as a founding member of Robert W. Welch, Jr.'s John Birch Society, an anti-communist organization.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":6">Dallek, Matthew. 2023. Birchers: How the John Birch Society Radicalized the American Right. Basic Books.</ref> He was a member of its national board and associate editor of its magazine, American Opinion.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> In 1962, Buckley repudiated Welch and the "Birchers", saying they were "far removed from common sense" and urging the GOP to purge itself of Welch's influence.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The repudiation drove a wedge in Buckley's friendship with Oliver.<ref name=":5" />

After the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Oliver wrote a two-part article called "Marxmanship in Dallas" published in March 1964 in American Opinion, the Birch magazine. It alleged that Lee Harvey Oswald had carried out the murder as part of a communist conspiracy to kill Kennedy, whom Oliver described as a puppet who had outlived his usefulness.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In March 1964, Oliver was reprimanded by the University of Illinois' Board of Trustees, but was allowed to keep his position.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Oliver testified in the fall of that year before the Warren Commission.<ref name=warren />

White nationalismEdit

In 1966, Oliver embarrassed Welch by proclaiming that the world's troubles would be ended if "all Jews were vaporized at dawn tomorrow" along with "Illuminati" and "Bolsheviks".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Alleging that Welch had tricked him or sold out to Zionist interests, he decried what he called "the Birch hoax". He was "forced to resign" from the society on July 30, 1966.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=":0" /> Oliver later claimed in 1981 to have discovered that Welch "was merely the nominal head of the Birch business, which he operated under the supervision of a committee of Jews".<ref name=":0" /> Oliver is described as "a virulent anti-Semite" in Claire Conner's memoir about the time, Wrapped in the Flag: A Personal History of America's Radical Right.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> From the 1960s until his death, Oliver produced essays alleging Jewish conspiracies.<ref name=":2" />

Oliver subsequently became involved with Willis Carto's National Youth Alliance (NYA).<ref name=":0" /><ref>Shepherd, Lauren Lassabe. 2023. Resistance from the Right: Conservatives and the Campus Wars in Modern America. University of North Carolina Press.</ref> Oliver mentored William Luther Pierce, founder of the National Alliance and author of The Turner Diaries.<ref name=":2" /> Oliver is probably the author of the 1959 anonymous novel The John Franklin Letters, which was cited by Pierce as his most direct inspiration for The Turner Diaries.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He also mentored the neo-Nazi activist Kevin Alfred Strom.<ref name=":2" /> "Oliver's writings on Jews and race-mixing became an important part of neo-Nazi culture in the early twenty-first century," according to Andrew S. Winston of the University of Guelph.<ref name=":2" />

In 1978, Oliver became an editorial adviser for the Institute for Historical Review, an organization devoted primarily to Holocaust denial.<ref name=":0" /> He was also a regular contributor to Liberty Bell, an antisemitic magazine of George P. Dietz.<ref name=":2" />

Although originally a proponent that Christianity is essential to Western civilization, Oliver became convinced that Christianity, by promoting universality and brotherhood rather than racial survival, was itself a Jewish product and part of the conspiracy.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> In a 1990 article, he characterized Christianity as "a spiritual syphilis" that "has rotted the minds of our race and induced paralysis of our will to live".<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Damon T. Berry, in his book Blood and Faith: Christianity and American White Nationalism (Syracuse University Press, 2017), devotes a chapter to Oliver, concluding that "Oliver hated both conservativism and Christianity ... because they equally represented to him an ideological poison that was alien to the best instincts of the white race to defend its existence."<ref name=":3" />

Later years and deathEdit

In 1994, suffering from leukemia and severe emphysema, he committed suicide at the age of 86 in Urbana, Illinois. His estate arranged to publish several works posthumously through Historical Review Press and Liberty Bell, as well as to attend to the needs of his wife Grace in her declining years.Template:Citation needed

Name and pseudonymsEdit

"Revilo P. Oliver" is a palindrome—a phrase that reads the same backwards and forwards. Oliver wrote that his name had been given to first sons in his family for six generations.Template:Sfn

He used the pen names "Ralph Perier" (for The Jews Love Christianity and Religion and Race) and "Paul Knutson" (for Aryan Asses). Oliver is sometimes credited as the author of the Introduction (credited to Willis Carto) to Francis Parker Yockey's Imperium.Template:Citation needed

BooksEdit

Published posthumouslyEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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