River Ystwyth
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On the left is Pendinas Hill and on the right is Tanybwlch Beach
The River Ystwyth (Template:Langx; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Lit<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>) is a river in Ceredigion, Wales. The length of the main river is Template:Convert. Its catchment area covers Template:Convert.<ref>"First Water Resources Survey : Report", South West Wales River Authority, Published 1970, Page 41; Table 1</ref> Its source is a number of streams that include the Afon Diliw, located on the west slopes of Plynlimon on the border of Ceredigion and Powys in the Cambrian Mountains.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Ystwyth flows westwards before its confluence with the Afon Rheidol and the estuary at Aberystwyth to drain into Cardigan Bay.<ref name=Atlas/>
The Ystwyth valley is sparsely populated with villages, namely Ysbyty Ystwyth, Cwm Ystwyth, Pont-rhyd-y-groes, Llanilar and Llanfarian.<ref name=Atlas>Template:Cite book</ref> In previous centuries, the valley was relatively densely populated due to its mineral wealth. Silver, lead and zinc have been mined in the valley since Roman times, an activity that reached its peak in the 18th century. The largest of the very many mines was Cwm Ystwyth Mine. It is reputed that the average age at death of the miners in Cwm Ystwyth was 32, largely because of acute lead poisoning. There is no active metal mining in the Ystwyth valley today.<ref name=Erichsen>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Hafod Uchtryd was a mansion built by Thomas Johnes from 1783, part of it being designed by John Nash. The landscaped gardens were formed by blasting away parts of hills to create vistas. Roadways and bridges were built, and hundreds of thousands of trees were planted. The result was a landscape that became famous and attracted many visitors, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and it is believed to have inspired a passage in his poem Kubla Khan. The house was demolished in 1955, but the landscape remains today.<ref>Keen, Richard & Burgum, Ian Wales, p. 88.</ref>
The River still carries elevated levels of lead, zinc, and silver in its water, mostly due to seepage from abandoned mine tailings and discharges from mine adits. At the Frongoch mine near Pont-rhyd-y-groes, Natural Resources Wales has introduced a new technique for reducing the pollution. Water is drawn away from the mine in a leat to a wetland area, where biological processes involving the vegetation immobilise much of the pollutants. A similar approach is being used at Cwm Rheidol mine, near Aberystwyth. These remedies are considered important because the area supports a rich variety of wildlife, as well as bringing anglers and tourists to the area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReferencesEdit
- Green, John (2006), Afon Ystwyth: The Story of a River, Artery Publications 2006. Template:ISBN