Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone
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The Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone also known as the neutral territory (NT) or neutral territory zone (NTZ), was a kite-shaped region of Template:Cvt on the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq within which the border between the two countries had not been settled. The neutral zone came into existence following the Uqair Protocol of 1922 that defined the border between Iraq and the Sultanate of Nejd (Saudi Arabia's predecessor state). An agreement to partition the neutral zone was reached by Iraqi and Saudi representatives on 26 December 1981, and approved by the Iraqi National Assembly on 28 January 1982. The territory was divided on an unknown date between 28 January and 30 July 1982.<ref name=":0"/> Notice was given to the United Nations in June 1991.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="arch"/>
Since there was no significant infrastructure or urban development in the zone, the population remained sparse and mainly ethnic Bedouin throughout the neutral zone's existence. The people living there were typically scattered in small groups, with limited interaction with the larger settled populations of Iraq or Saudi Arabia.
HistoryEdit
The Treaty of Muhammarah (Khorramshahr), 5 May 1922,<ref name="state">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> forestalled the imminent conflict between the United Kingdom, which held the mandate for Iraq, and the Kingdom of Nejd, which later became Saudi Arabia after it unified with the Kingdom of Hejaz. It was signed by Prince Ahmed bin Abdullah on behalf of Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, King of Najd, who did not ratify the treaty.<ref name=ghag>Template:Cite thesis</ref> The treaty specifically avoided defining boundaries. Following further negotiations, the Protocol of Uqair (Uqayr), 2 December 1922, defined most of the borders between them and created the neutral zone.<ref name="state" /> The protocol was ratified by Abdulaziz.<ref name=ghag/>
No military or permanent buildings were to be built in or near the neutral zone, and nomads of both countries were to have unimpeded access to its pastures and wells.Template:Citation needed
Administrative division of the zone was achieved in 1975,<ref name="cia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="arch"/> and a border treatyTemplate:Clarify concluded in 1981.<ref name="arch"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For unknown reasons, the treaty was not filed with the United Nations, and nobody outside Iraq and Saudi Arabia was notified of the change nor shown maps with details of the new boundary.Template:Citation needed As the Gulf War approached in early 1991, Iraq cancelled all international agreements with Saudi Arabia since 1968. Saudi Arabia responded by registering all previous boundary agreements negotiated with Iraq at the United Nations in June 1991.<ref name="arch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Most official maps no longer show the rhombus-shaped neutral zone, but rather draw the boundary approximately through the centre of the territory. For example, the United States’ Office of the Geographer regarded the area as having only an approximate boundary rather than a precise one.Template:Citation needed
The Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone formerly had the ISO 3166-1 codes NT
and NTZ
. These codes were discontinued in 1993.<ref name="statoids">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref> The FIPS 10-4 code for the Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone was IY
;<ref name="statoids2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref> this code was deleted in 1992.<ref name="statoids2"/>
See alsoEdit
- Iraq–Saudi Arabia border
- Geography of Iraq
- Geography of Saudi Arabia
- Unification of Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute
- Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}
External linksEdit
- The Straight Dope on the Neutral Zone
- Arabian Boundary Disputes
- International Boundary Study No. 111
Template:Authority control Template:Coord Template:Territorial disputes in Western Asia