Scorzonera
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Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=fna>Scorzonera. Flora of North America.</ref>
Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia,<ref name=fna/> and Africa.<ref name=duran>Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.</ref> Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.<ref>Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.</ref>
Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.Template:Citation needed
SpeciesEdit
The following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera:<ref name="powo.science.kew.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col
- Scorzonera adilii Template:Small
- Scorzonera alaica Template:Small
- Scorzonera alba Template:Small
- Scorzonera albertoregelia Template:Small
- Scorzonera albicaulis Template:Small
- Scorzonera alborzensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera alpigena Template:Small
- Scorzonera angustifolia Template:Small
- Scorzonera aniana Template:Small
- Scorzonera argyrea Template:Small
- Scorzonera aristata Template:Small
- Scorzonera armeniaca Template:Small
- Scorzonera bicolor Template:Small
- Scorzonera boissieri Template:Small
- Scorzonera bracteosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera bungei Template:Small
- Scorzonera bupleurifolia Template:Small
- Scorzonera calcitrapifolia Template:Small
- Scorzonera cana Template:Small
- Scorzonera charadzae Template:Small
- Scorzonera coriacea Template:Small
- Scorzonera crassicaulis Template:Small
- Scorzonera curvata Template:Small
- Scorzonera deliciosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera dianthoides Template:Small
- Scorzonera drarii Template:Small
- Scorzonera ekimii Template:Small
- Scorzonera ferganica Template:Small
- Scorzonera fistulosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera flaccida Template:Small
- Scorzonera franchetii Template:Small
- Scorzonera gageoides Template:Small
- Scorzonera glabra Template:Small
- Scorzonera gokcheoglui Template:Small
- Scorzonera gorovanica Template:Small
- Scorzonera grigoraschvilii Template:Small
- Scorzonera grossheimii Template:Small
- Scorzonera grubovii Template:Small
- Scorzonera helodes Template:Small
- Scorzonera hondae Template:Small
- Scorzonera humilis Template:Small
- Scorzonera idae Template:Small
- Scorzonera iliensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera isophylla Template:Small
- Scorzonera ispahanica Template:Small
- Scorzonera joharchii Template:Small
- Scorzonera karabelensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera karkasensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera kirpicznikovii Template:Small
- Scorzonera kozlowskyi Template:Small
- Scorzonera kurtii Template:Small
- Scorzonera lacera Template:Small
- Scorzonera lachnostegia Template:Small
- Scorzonera laciniata Template:Small
- Scorzonera limnophila Template:Small
- Scorzonera lindbergii Template:Small
- Scorzonera luntaiensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera mariovoensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera meshhedensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera meyeri Template:Small
- Scorzonera microcalathia Template:Small
- Scorzonera nivalis Template:Small
- Scorzonera pacis Template:Small
- Scorzonera pamirica Template:Small
- Scorzonera paradoxa Template:Small
- Scorzonera parviflora Template:Small
- Scorzonera persepolitana Template:Small
- Scorzonera persica Template:Small
- Scorzonera petrovii Template:Small
- Scorzonera pratorum Template:Small
- Scorzonera pulchra Template:Small
- Scorzonera purpurea Template:Small
- Scorzonera racemosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera radiata Template:Small
- Scorzonera radicosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera renzii Template:Small
- Scorzonera rosea Template:Small
- Scorzonera rupicola Template:Small
- Scorzonera safievii Template:Small
- Scorzonera schischkinii Template:Small
- Scorzonera schweinfurthii Template:Small
- Scorzonera scopariiformis Template:Small
- Scorzonera scyria Template:Small
- Scorzonera sericeolanata Template:Small
- Scorzonera serpentinica Template:Small
- Scorzonera sinensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera songorica Template:Small
- Scorzonera subaphylla Template:Small
- Scorzonera sublanata Template:Small
- Scorzonera tadshikorum Template:Small
- Scorzonera taiwanensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera tragopogonoides Template:Small
- Scorzonera transiliensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera tuberculata Template:Small
- Scorzonera tunicata Template:Small
- Scorzonera turkestanica Template:Small
- Scorzonera tuzgoluensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera vavilovii Template:Small
- Scorzonera veratrifolia Template:Small
- Scorzonera verrucosa Template:Small
- Scorzonera virgata Template:Small
- Scorzonera wendelboi Template:Small
- Scorzonera xylobasis Template:Small
- Scorzonera yemensis Template:Small
- Scorzonera yildirimlii Template:Small
- Scorzonera zorkunensis Template:Small
EtymologyEdit
One possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper's grass").<ref name=fna/>
Secondary metabolitesEdit
Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>