Selby Abbey
Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Multiple
Template:Infobox church Selby Abbey is a former Benedictine abbey and current Anglican parish church in the town of Selby, North Yorkshire, England. It is a member of the Major Churches Network in England.
Monastic historyEdit
The church is one of the relatively few surviving abbey churches of the medieval period and although not a cathedral, it is one of the largest. It was founded by Benedict of Auxerre<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1069 and subsequently built by the de Lacy family.
On 31 May 1256, the abbey was bestowed with the grant of a mitre by Pope Alexander IV and from this date was a "Mitred Abbey". This privilege fell into abeyance a number of times, but on 11 April 1308, Archbishop William Greenfield confirmed the grant, and Selby remained a "Mitred Abbey" until the Dissolution of the Monasteries.<ref name=HOY3>Template:Cite book</ref>
Archbishop Walter Giffard visited the monastery in 1275 by commission, and several monks and the abbot were charged with a list of faults including loose living: many complaints referred to misconduct with married women. In 1279 Archbishop William de Wickwane made a visitation, and found fault with the abbot as he did not observe the Rule of Saint Benedict, was not singing mass, preaching or teaching, and was seldom attending chapter. Things had not improved much in 1306 when Archbishop William Greenfield visited, and similar visitations in later years resulted in similar findings.<ref name=HOY3/>
The community rebuilt the choir in the early 14th century, but in 1340 a fire destroyed the chapter house, dormitory, treasury and part of the church. The damage was repaired and the decorated windows in the south aisle of the nave were installed.
In 1380–1 there were the abbot and twenty-five monks.<ref name=HOY3/> In 1393 Pope Boniface IX granted an indulgence to pilgrims who contributed to the conservation of the chapel of the Holy Cross in the abbey.<ref name=HOY3/>
The 15th century saw more alterations to the abbey. The perpendicular windows in the north transept and at the west end of the nave were added, and the sedilia in the sanctuary were added. One of the final additions was the Latham Chapel, dedicated to St Catherine, east of the north transept, in 1465.
In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 the abbey was valued at £719 2s. 6¼d (equivalent to £Template:Inflation in Template:Inflation-year).Template:Inflation-fn The abbey surrendered on 6 December 1539. The community comprised the abbot and 23 monks. The abbot was pensioned off on £100 a year (equivalent to £Template:Inflation in Template:Inflation-year) Template:Inflation-fn; the prior got £8 and the others between £6 6s. 8d. (ten marks) and £5 each.<ref name=HOY3/>
Abbots of SelbyEdit
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Post-monastic historyEdit
For a time after the dissolution the church was unused, but in 1618 it became the parish church of Selby. During the English Civil War and the Commonwealth period the building suffered: the north transept window was destroyed, and the statues on the brackets in the choir were demolished.
Like York Minster, the church rests on a base of sand and has suffered from subsidence. Many sections collapsed entirely during the 17th century, including the central tower in 1690 which destroyed the south transept. The tower was rebuilt, but not the transept. In the 18th century the choir was filled with galleries, and used for services; the nave was used only for secular purposes.
The church was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1871–1873 who restored much of the nave for use, and again in 1889–1890 by his son John Oldrid Scott, who restored the choir. The tower was restored in the first few years of the 20th century.
The reredos was designed by Robert Lorimer and added in 1901.<ref>Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer</ref>
Vicars of Selby AbbeyEdit
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The fire of 1906Edit
The organ builders from John Compton had been working until 11.00 pm on Friday 19 October, and shortly after midnight on Saturday the organist Frederick William Sykes spotted flames coming from the organ chamber.<ref>Western Times, Monday 22 October 1906. p.4. Selby Abbey Entirely Destroyed by Fire on Saturday</ref> The organ builders had been installing a new kinetic gas engine to provide power to the new organ. Initial reports that the new organ equipment was to blame for the fire were later proved inaccurate.<ref>Sheffield Evening Telegraph. Friday 14 December 1906. p. 5. The Selby Abbey Fire</ref>
The fire destroyed the roof of the choir and the belfry and peal of eight bells was also destroyed. All of the interior fittings were also destroyed but thanks to the actions of the local fire brigade, the fourteenth-century stained glass in the East window was saved.
A secondary fire broke out in the nave roof on the Sunday, but this was quickly extinguished.<ref>Gloucester Citizen, Monday 22 October 1906. p.5. The Fire at Selby Abbey</ref>
The abbey was rebuilt under the supervision of John Oldrid Scott at a cost of around £50,000 (equivalent to £Template:Inflation in Template:Inflation-year) Template:Inflation-fn and reopened in 1909. The restoration of the south transept was completed in 1912, funded by William Liversedge.
Later twentieth centuryEdit
In 1952 the abbey was given Grade I listed status.<ref name=EH/>
Restorations of 2002Edit
In 2002 the abbey underwent an extensive restoration, costing several million pounds. Stage 6, the restoration of the Scriptorium was completed at a cost of £795,000. The £400,000 cost of restoring the South choir Aisle and the "Washington Window" was met in full by British American Tobacco.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> World Monuments Fund committed more than $800,000 to exterior work, including roof repairs, beginning in 2002.
The Washington WindowEdit
A notable feature of the abbey is the fifteenth-century<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Washington Window, located at the clerestory level of the quire,<ref>Selby Abbey, "The Washington Window" (leaflet available in the Abbey)</ref> which features the heraldic arms of the ancestors of George Washington, the first president of the United States. It is believed the shield is in the Abbey thanks to a financial benefaction supporting the work of the monastery at Selby from John Wessington, one of George Washington's ancestors, who was Prior of Durham from 1416 to 1446. The design is thought to be one of the oldest representations of the Flag of the United States in the world.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Selby Abbey is on the 'American Trail' of attractions around the UK with strong American historical connections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MusicEdit
Music at Selby Abbey has a long history going back to its monastic foundation in the 11th century when plainsong was chanted at the daily services by the Benedictine monks. Today, the music at services consists principally of choral music sung by the Abbey's choir, organ music, and congregational hymn singing.
The Choir of Selby Abbey numbers c35 adults and children. While the choir consists principally of dedicated volunteers, the Abbey provides three Choral Scholarships and employs a professional Director of Music and Assistant Organist. The Abbey Choristers receive a full musical education and training. During term-time the choir sings at the weekly Sung Eucharist on Sundays, and at Choral Evensong on the 2nd and 4th Sundays of the month, in addition to singing other special services, weddings and concerts.
In 2022 the Abbey Junior Choir was founded to provide singing opportunities for younger children aged five and upwards.
The Abbey hosts many concerts throughout the year performed by choirs, orchestras, brass bands and many other musicians and groups. Selby Abbey Trust organises an annual Organ Recital Series featuring distinguished organists from the UK and across the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
OrganEdit
The previous organ was installed in 1825 by Renn and Boston, in a gallery on the east side of the choir screen wall. It was rebuilt several times by Booth of Wakefield, Forster and Andrews of Hull and Conacher of Huddersfield. In 1868 the organ was rebuilt and moved to a bay in the quire. The opening recital was given by William Thomas Best. This organ was rebuilt in 1891 by James Jepson Binns of Bramley and moved again, this time to the north side of the quire. A rebuild took place by John Compton in 1906, but the organ was destroyed by the great fire of that year, which nearly destroyed the abbey too.Template:Cn
Following the 1906 fire<ref>Template:NPOR</ref> and as part of the subsequent restoration of the Abbey, the firm of William Hill & Son was commissioned to build the current organ, completed in 1909.<ref>Template:NPOR</ref> With 67 speaking stops and 4 manuals, most of the pipes of this instrument occupy two organ cases designed by John Oldrid Scott and placed either side of the choir stalls in the Chancel. The huge pipes of the "Pedal: 32' Double Open Diapason" lie horizontally on the floor of the Triforium overlooking the Nave.
The first major restoration of this organ was carried out in 1950 by Hill, Norman and Beard.<ref>Template:NPOR</ref> In the early 1960s, the Italian virtuoso Fernando Germani made several LP recordings at the Abbey of organ music by Reger, Franck and Liszt, bringing the organ to international attention. In 1975, further alterations and additions were made to the organ by John T. Jackson.
By the 2010s, the organ was showing its age and becoming increasingly unreliable. In 2014, Geoffrey Coffin and Principal Pipe Organs of York were commissioned to carry out a major restoration with Paul Hale as the adviser. The project was completed in 2016.<ref>Template:NPOR</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Organists and Directors of MusicEdit
- Wharton Hooper 1864–1866 <ref>Hampshire Telegraph – Saturday 20 August 1864</ref>
- Edward Johnson Bellerby 1878–1881<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Frederick William Sykes 1881–1919<ref>Yorkshire Gazette – Saturday 3 December 1881</ref><ref>Thornsby, Frederick W., ed. (1912) Dictionary of Organs and Organists. Bournemouth : Logan.</ref>
- Henry Oswald Hodgson 1920–1921<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Herbert Hill 1921–1922 <ref>Thornsby, Frederick W., ed. (1921) Dictionary of Organs and Organists; 2nd ed. London: G. A. Mate</ref><ref>Hull Daily Mail – Friday 7 January 1921</ref><ref>Hull Daily Mail 7 March 1922</ref>
- Walter Hartley 1922–1962<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- David Patrick Gedge 1962–1966<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Mervyn John Byers 1966–1976<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Peter Seymour 1976–1978
- Anthony Langford 1978–1980<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Mervyn John Byers 1980–1987
- Geoffrey Pearce 1987–1994<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Roger Tebbet 1994–2020<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- James Lowery (Interim Organist) 2020–2021
- Oliver Waterer 2021– <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Ian Seddon (Assistant Organist) 2023– <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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BurialsEdit
- Thomas Thwaites and wife Alice de la Hay<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Bishop of SelbyEdit
The Bishop of Selby is a Suffragan Bishop to the Archbishop of York and oversees the Archdeaconry of York, which includes the Deanery of Selby.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
- Monk Fryston
- Monk Fryston Hall
- List of monastic houses in North Yorkshire
- List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Selby Abbey Online Gallery Template:Webarchive
- Official website of Selby Abbey.
- Views of Selby Abbey.
- Selby Abbey Images
- Selby Abbey Organ Appeal
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