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Sens

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Infobox French commune

File:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 023.jpg
Inside the cathedral of Sens, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Template:Circa

Sens ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris.

Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the sixth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. At the last census of 2021, the municipality had 27,034 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les Senonese in French.

The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris.<ref>Villes et Villages Fleuris</ref>

GeographyEdit

Sens is located at the extreme north-west of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, on the border of three regions, namely the Île-de-France, the Grand Est and the Centre-Val de Loire. Located on the course of the river Yonne in the valley of the same name, the city is bordered by the hills of Paron and Saint-Martin-du-Tertre to the west, extension of the plateau of Gâtinais which also extends to the Loiret. To the east, it is bordered by the forest of Othe which extends over the department of Aube. To the north, the Yonne valley leads to the Brie in Seine-et-Marne.

HistoryEdit

The city is said to have been one of the oppida of the Senones, one of the oldest Celtic tribes living in Gaul. The Battle of the Allia was fought Template:Circa<ref name="treves">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name= "kruta">Template:Harvnb</ref> between the Senones – a Gallic tribe led by Brennus, who had invaded Northern Italy – and the Roman Republic. It is mentioned as Agedincum by Julius Caesar<ref>The manuscripts of the Gallic War also give varied readings of Agendicum and Agetincum (William Smith, ed. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography); the gilded statue of "Brennus" ("leader") surmounts the hôtel de ville.</ref> several times in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico. In 53 BC, during the invasion of Gaul, Caesar wintered six legions, at the place called « the camp of Caesar » south of the city.<ref>Bulletin N°XIV, 1848 de la Société Archéologique de Sens</ref> The Roman city was built during the first century BC and surrounded by walls during the third (notable parts of the walls still remain, with alterations along the centuries). It still retains today the skeleton of its Roman street plan.<ref>Its Cardo (rue de la République) and Decumanus Maximus (Grande Rue) still meet at near right angles.</ref> The site was referred to by Ammianus Marcellinus as Senones (oppidum Senonas), where the future emperor Julian faced an Alamannic siege for a few months, but it did not become an administrative center until after the reorganization of the Roman Empire in 375, when it was the chief town of Lugdunensis Quarta.

During the Middle Ages its archbishops held the prestigious role of primate of Gaul and Germany. The bishop of Sens became an archbishop as early as the mid-5th century, but the cult of the traditional founders Savinian and Potentian, not mentioned by Gregory of Tours, did not appear until the 8th century, when they were added to the local recension of the Seventy Apostles.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The Hôtel de Sens in Paris was their official residence in that city. The Archdiocese of Sens ruled over the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes, summarized by the acronym CAMPONT.

Starting from 1135, the cathedral of Sens, dedicated to Saint Stephen, was rebuilt as one of the first Gothic cathedrals. There, in 1234, Louis IX of France celebrated his wedding to Marguerite of Provence. Sens witnessed the trial of Peter Abelard. Pope Alexander III sojourned for some time in the city, and Thomas Becket spent part of his exile between 1162 and 1165. The Archdiocese of Sens hosted a number of church councils and the first Archbishop of Uppsala was consecrated there. William of Sens was the principal architect of Canterbury Cathedral.

Sens experienced troublesome times during the Wars of Religion. In 1562, 100 of the town’s Huguenot population were killed in the Massacre of Sens.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The city declined after Paris was elevated to archdiocese in 1622. Since 2002, Sens remains an archbishopric (though the incumbent has resided in Auxerre since 1929?)Template:Citation needed but with no metropolitical function (no pallium or marriage appeals).

Despite the creation of new regions, Sens remains subject to the Paris cour d'appel.

PopulationEdit

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File:Cathédrale Saint-Ètienne, Sens-6998.jpg
Sens Cathedral

Main sightsEdit

Notable peopleEdit

File:AT 13763 Roof figure Wilhelm von Sens at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna-64.jpg
Figure of William of Sens in Vienna
File:Portrait Augusta Hure.jpg
Portrait of Augusta Hure

SportEdit

File:Bacary Sagna 2012.jpg
Bacary Sagna, 2012

Twin townsEdit

ClimateEdit

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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SourcesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Yonne communes

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